I-SILICON LABS Wireless M-BUS Software Implementation AN451 Umhlahlandlela Womsebenzisi

Leli nothi lohlelo lokusebenza lichaza ukuqaliswa kwe-Silicon Labs kwe-M-Bus engenantambo kusetshenziswa i-Silicon Labs C8051 MCU kanye ne-EZRadioPRO®. I-Wireless M-bus iyi-European Standard yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda imitha isebenzisa ibhendi yefrikhwensi engu-868 MHz.

Izendlalelo Zesitaki

I-M-Bus engenantambo isebenzisa imodeli ye-IEC yezendlalelo ezi-3, okuyisethi engaphansi yemodeli ye-OSI enezingqimba ezingu-7 (bona Umfanekiso 1).

Ungqimba Lomzimba (PHY) luchazwe ku-EN 13757-4. Isendlalelo esibonakalayo sichaza indlela amabhithi abhalwa ngayo futhi asakazwa ngayo, izici zemodemu ye-RF (izinga le-chip, isendlalelo, negama lokuvumelanisa), namapharamitha e-RF (ukushintshashintshashintshashintshashintshashintshashintshashintshayo, ukuguquguquka, imvamisa emaphakathi, nokuchezukiswa kwamafrikhwensi).
Isendlalelo se-PHY sisetshenziswa kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yehadiwe ne-firmware. I-EZRadioPRO yenza yonke imisebenzi ye-RF kanye nemodemu. I-EZRadioPRO isetshenziswa kumodi ye-FIFO ngesibambi sephakethe. Imojula ye-MbusPhy.c inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo se-SPI, ukubhala ngekhodi/ukukhipha amakhodi, ukuvimba ukufunda/ukubhala, nokuphatha amaphakethe futhi ilawule izifunda zokudlulisa ulwazi.
Isendlalelo sesixhumanisi Sedatha ye-M-Bus sisetshenziswa kumojula ye-MbusLink.c. I-interface ye-M-Bus Application Programming iqukethe imisebenzi yomphakathi engabizwa kusukela kusendlalelo sohlelo kuchungechunge oluyinhloko. Imojula ye-MbusLink iphinde isebenzise Isendlalelo Sesixhumanisi Sedatha. Isendlalelo sesixhumanisi Sedatha sizofometha futhi sikopishe idatha kusuka kubhafa yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-TX iye kusigcina sedatha ye-MbusPhy TX, kwengeze izihloko ezidingekayo nama-CRC.
Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza ngokwaso asiyona ingxenye ye-M-bus firmware. Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza sichaza ukuthi inhlobonhlobo yedatha izofomethwa kanjani ukuze idluliselwe. Amamitha amaningi adinga kuphela ukudlulisa uhlobo olulodwa noma ezimbili zedatha. Ukwengeza inani elikhulu lekhodi ukuze kufakwe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwedatha kumitha kungangeza ikhodi nezindleko ezingadingekile kumitha. Kungase kwenzeke ukusebenzisa umtapo wolwazi noma unhlokweni file ngohlu oluphelele lwezinhlobo zedatha. Kodwa-ke, amakhasimende amaningi amamitha azi kahle ukuthi hlobo luni lwedatha adinga ukuyidlulisela futhi angabhekisela kuzinga lemininingwane yokufometha. Umfundi wendawo yonke noma i-sniffer angase asebenzise isethi ephelele yezinhlobo zedatha yohlelo lokusebenza ku-PC GUI. Ngalezi zizathu, isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza sisetshenziswa kusetshenziswa i-example izicelo imitha kanye umfundi.

Amazinga Adingekayo

EN 13757-4
EN 13757-4
Uhlelo lokuxhumana lwamamitha nokufunda ukude kwamamitha
Ingxenye 4: Ukufundwa kwemitha engenantambo
Ukufundwa kwe-radiometer ukuze kusebenze ku-868 MHz kuya ku-870 MHz SRD band
EN 13757-3
Uhlelo lokuxhumana lwamamitha nokufunda ukude kwamamitha
Ingxenye 3: Isendlalelo esizinikezele sohlelo lokusebenza

I-IEC 60870-2-1:1992
Imishini ye-Telecontrol kanye nezinhlelo
Ingxenye 5: Izivumelwano zokudlulisa
Isigaba 1:Inqubo yokudlulisa isixhumanisi
I-IEC 60870-1-1:1990
Imishini ye-Telecontrol kanye nezinhlelo
Ingxenye 5: Izivumelwano zokudlulisa
Isigaba 1: Amafomethi ozimele wokudlulisa

Izincazelo

I-M-Bus—I-M-Bus iyindinganiso enentambo yokufunda imitha eYurophu.
I-Wireless M-Bus-I-M-Bus engenantambo yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda amamitha eYurophu.

I-PHY-I-Physical Layer ichaza ukuthi izingcezu zedatha nama-byte afakwa futhi adluliswa kanjani.
I-API—Isixhumi esibonakalayo Sohlelo Lokusebenza.

LINK—Isendlalelo Sesixhumanisi Sedatha sichaza ukuthi amabhulokhi namafreyimu asakazwa kanjani.
I-CRC—I-Cyclic Redundancy Check.

FSK—I-Frequency Shift Keying.
I-Chip-Iyunithi encane yedatha edlulisiwe. Ibhithi yedatha eyodwa ifakwe ikhodi njengama-chips amaningi.

Imojuli—Umthombo wekhodi ye-AC .c file.

I-M-Bus PHY Incazelo Esebenzayo

Ukulandelana Kwesethulo

Ukulandelana kwesendlalelo esicaciswe ukucaciswa kwebhasi le-M kuyinombolo ephelele eshintshana ngoziro kanye noyedwa. I-A eyodwa ichazwa njengefrikhwensi ephezulu, futhi i-zero ichazwa njengefrikhwensi ephansi.
nx (01)
Izinketho zesendlalelo ze-Si443x ziyinombolo ephelele yama-nibbles ahlanganisa okushintshanayo noziro.
nx (1010)
Isendlalelo esinomholi owengeziwe ngeke sibe yinkinga, kodwa-ke, igama lokuvumelanisa kanye nomthwalo okhokhelwayo ngeke kuqondiswe ngokungalungile kancane kancane.
Isixazululo ukuguqula iphakethe lonke ngokusetha kancane injini kurejista ye-Modulation Control 2 (0x71). Lokhu kuzoguqula isethulo, igama lokuvumelanisa, kanye nedatha ye-TX/RX. Njengomphumela, idatha kufanele iguqulwe lapho kubhalwa idatha ye-TX noma kufundwa idatha ye-RX. Futhi, igama lokuvumelanisa liyaguqulwa ngaphambi kokubhalela kumarejista e-Si443x Synchronization Word.

Ukuvumelanisa Izwi

Igama lokuvumelanisa elidingwa yi-EN-13757-4 lingama-chips angu-18 e-Mode S kanye ne-Mode R noma ama-chips angu-10 e-Model T. Igama lokuvumelanisa le-Si443x lingamabhayithi angu-1 ukuya kwangu-4. Nokho, njengoba igama lokuvumelanisa lihlale landulelwa isethulo, izingcezu zokugcina eziyisithupha zesethulo zingabhekwa njengengxenye yegama lokuvumelanisa; ngakho-ke, igama lokuqala lokuvumelanisa lihlanganiswe ngokuphindaphinda okuthathu kukaziro okulandelwa okukodwa. Igama lokuvumelanisa liphelezelwa ngaphambi kokubhalela amarejista e-Si443x.
Ithebula 1. Ukuvumelanisa Igama le-Mode S ne-Mode R

EN 13757-4	00	01110110	10010110	kanambambili
EN 13757-4	00	76	96	hex
iphedi nge (01) x 3	01010100	01110110	10010110	kanambambili
iphedi nge (01) x 3	54	76	96	hex
umphelelisi	10101011	10001001	01101001	kanambambili
umphelelisi	AB	89	69	hex

Ithebula 2. Ukuvumelanisa Igama Lemodethi Imitha Kokunye

SYNCH	SYNCH	SYNCH
IZWI	IZWI	IZWI
3	2	1

Dlulisa Ubude Besendlalelo

Isendlalelo esincane sicaciswe ezindleleni ezine ezihlukene zokusebenza. Kwamukelekile ukuba nesendlalelo eside kunalokho esishiwo. Ukukhipha ama-chips ayisithupha kusendlalelo kunikeza inani elincane lama-chips esendlalelo se-Si443x. Ukuqaliswa kungeza ama-nibbles amabili engeziwe esandulelo kuwo wonke amamodi esandulelo amafushane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholwa kwesandulelo nokusebenzisana. Isethulo se-Mode S esinesendlalelo eside side kakhulu; ngakho, isendlalelo esincane sisetshenzisiwe. Ubude besendlalelo kuma-nibbles bubhalwe kurejista yoBubude Besandulela (0x34). Irejista yobude besandulela inquma isethulo ekudluliselweni kuphela. Ukucaciswa okuncane kanye nezilungiselelo zobude besendlalelo zifinyezwa kuThebula lesi-3.
Ithebula 3. Dlulisa Ubude Besendlalelo

	EN-13757-4 ubuncane		Si443x Isendlalelo Ukusetha		Vumelanisa Izwi	Ingqikithi	okwengeziwe
	nx (01)	ama-chips	nibbles	ama-chips	ama-chips	ama-chips	ama-chips
Isendlalelo esifushane se-Mode S	15	30	8	32	6	38	8
Isethulo se-Mode S eside	279	558	138	552	6	558	0
Imodi T (imitha-enye)	19	38	10	40	6	46	8
Imodi R	39	78	20	80	6	86	8

Isethulo esincane sokwamukela sinqunywa Irejista Yokulawula Ukuthola Isethulo (0x35). Lapho kwamukelwe, inani lamabhithi egama elivumelanisiwe kufanele likhishwe esethulweni esincane esishiwo ukuze kunqunywe isendlalelo esisebenzisekayo. Isikhathi esincane sokumisa somamukeli ama-chips angu-16 uma i-AFC inikwe amandla noma ama-chips angu-8 uma i-AFC ivaliwe. Isikhathi sokusetha umamukeli siphinde sikhishwe esethulweni esisebenzisekayo ukuze kutholwe ubuncane belungiselelo lerejista Yokulawula Ukutholwa Kwesendlalelo.

Amathuba esandulelo esingamanga ancike ekumisweni kwerejista Yokulawula Ukuthola Isethulo. Ukusetha okufushane kwama-chips angu-8 kungase kuphumele ekutholakaleni isethulo esingamanga njalo emizuzwaneni embalwa. Ukusetha okunconyiwe kwama-20chips kwenza ukutholwa kwesethulo okungamanga kube umcimbi ongenzeki. Ubude bezethulo ze-Mode R kanye ne-Mode SL zinde ngokwanele ukuze kusetshenziswe isilungiselelo esinconyiwe.
Kunenzuzo encane kakhulu yokwenza isethulo sithole ama-chips amade kunama-20.
I-AFC ikhutshaziwe ku-Model S ngesandulelo esifushane ne-Model T. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokulungisa umamukeli futhi kuvumela ukulungiselelwa kokutholwa kwesandulelo eside. Njengoba i-AFC ivaliwe, i-Mode T ingasebenzisa ukulungiselelwa okunconyiwe kwama-chips angu-20. Ukulungiselelwa kwama-nibbles angu-4 noma ama-chips angu-20 kusetshenziselwa i-Model S ngesendlalelo esifushane. Lokhu kwenza amathuba okutholwa kwesethulo esingamanga abe phezulu kancane kule modeli.
Ithebula 4. Ukutholwa Kwesethulo

	EN-13757-4 ubuncane		Vumelanisa Izwi	iyasebenziseka isandulelo	Ukulungisa i-RX	Thola imiz	Si443x Isendlalelo Ukusetha Ukutholwa
	nx (01)	ama-chips	ama-chips	ama-chips	ama-chips	ama-chips	nibbles	ama-chips
Isendlalelo esifushane se-Mode S	15	30	6	24	8*	16	4	16
Isethulo eside se-Model S	279	558	6	552	16	536	5	20
Imodeli T (imitha-enye)	19	38	6	32	8*	24	5	20
Imodi R	39	78	6	72	16	56	5	20
*Qaphela: I-AFC ikhutshaziwe

Umamukeli ucushwe ukuthi asebenzisane nesidlulisi kusetshenziswa ubuncane besandulela esishiwo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umamukeli uzosebenzisana nanoma yisiphi isidluliseli esithobela i-M-bus.
Ukucaciswa kwe-M-Bus Okungenantambo kudinga isethulo eside kakhulu se-Mode S1 okungenani sama-chips angu-558. Lokhu kuzothatha cishe i-17 ms ukudlulisa nje isethulo. I-Si443x ayidingi isethulo eside kangaka futhi ayizuzi kusingeniso eside. Ngenkathi isethulo eside siphawulwa njengenketho ye-Mode S2, asikho isizathu sokusebenzisa isethulo eside nge-Si443x. Uma ukuxhumana kwendlela eyodwa kudingwa, i-Mode T1 izohlinzeka ngesethulo esifushane, izinga eliphezulu ledatha, nempilo yebhethri ende. Uma ukuxhumana kwezindlela ezimbili kusetshenziswa i-Mode S2 kudingekile, isingeniso esifushane siyanconywa.
Qaphela ukuthi umkhawulo wokuthola we-Model S onesendlalelo eside mude kunenombolo yama-nibbles asendulelayo adluliselwe ku-Model S ngesendlalelo esifushane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isamukeli se-Mode S esesanduleleni eside ngeke sithole isethulo esivela kusihumushi esifushane esifushane se-Mode S. Lokhu kuyadingeka uma umamukeli we-Mode S osesanduleleni eside ezokwamukela noma iyiphi inzuzo esethulweni eside.
Qaphela ukuthi isamukeli esifushane se-Mode S sesandulelo sizobona isethulo futhi samukele amaphakethe kuwo womabili isethulo esifushane se-Mode S.
isidluliseli kanye nesidlulisi se-Mode S esinesendlalelo eside; ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, umfundi wemitha kufanele asebenzise isendlalelo esifushane sokusetha isamukeli se-Mode S.

Ukufaka ikhodi/Ukukhipha amakhodi

Ukucaciswa kwe-Wireless M-bus kudinga izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokufaka ikhodi. Umbhalo wekhodi wase-Manchester usetshenziselwa Imodi S kanye ne-Mode R. Umbhalo wekhodi wase-Manchester uphinda usetshenziselwe isixhumanisi sokunye ukuya kumitha ku-Model T. Isixhumanisi se-Model T imitha siye kwesinye sisebenzisa ukubhala ngekhodi okungu-3 kokungu-6.
1. I-Manchester Encoded/Decoding
Umbhalo wekhodi waseManchester kuvamile ngokomlando ezinhlelweni ze-RF ukuze unikeze ukutholakala kwewashi okuqinile nokulandelela kusetshenziswa imodemu elula nengabizi. Kodwa-ke, umsakazo wesimanje osebenza kakhulu njenge-Si443x awudingi umbhalo wekhodi waseManchester. Umbhalo wekhodi wase-Manchester usekelwa ngokuyinhloko ukuze uhambisane namazinga akhona, kodwa izinga ledatha le-Si443x liphindwe kabili ngempumelelo uma ungasebenzisi umbhalo wekhodi wase-Manchester.
I-Si443x isekela ukufakwa kwekhodi kwe-Manchester kanye nokuqoshwa kwalo lonke iphakethe kuhadiwe. Ngeshwa, igama lokuvumelanisa alifakiwe e-Manchester. Ukulandelana kwe-Manchester okungavumelekile kukhethwe ngamabomu egameni lokuvumelanisa. Lokhu kwenza ukubhala ngekhodi kweManchester kungahambisani nemisakazo eminingi ekhona, kufaka phakathi i-Si443x. Njengomphumela, ukubhala ngekhodi kweManchester kanye nokuqoshwa kufanele kwenziwe yi-MCU. Ibhayithi ngayinye kudatha engenakhodi iqukethe amabhithi edatha ayisishiyagalombili. Kusetshenziswa umbhalo wekhodi wase-Manchester, ibhithi ngayinye yedatha ifakwe ikhodi ibe uphawu lwama-chip amabili. Njengoba idatha ekhodiwe kufanele ibhalelwe umsakazo we-FIFO ama-chips ayisishiyagalombili ngesikhathi, i-nibble eyodwa yedatha ibhalwa ngekhodi futhi ibhalelwe i-FIFO ngesikhathi.
Ithebula 5. Manchester Encoding

idatha	I-Ox12		0x34		amabhayithi
	I-Ox1	0x2	0x3	0x4	nibbles
	1	10	11	100	kanambambili
chip	10101001	10100110	10100101	10011010	kanambambili
I-FIFO	OxA9	OxA6	OxA5	I-Ox9A	hex

Ibhayithi ngayinye ezodluliswa idluliswa ibhayithi eyodwa ngesikhathi kumsebenzi we-encode byte. Umsebenzi we-encode byte uzobiza umsebenzi we-encode nibble kabili, okokuqala nge-nibble ebaluleke kakhulu bese kuba yi-nibble ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ukufaka ikhodi kwe-Manchester kusofthiwe akunzima. Kusukela kubhithi ebaluleke kakhulu, eyodwa ibhalwe ngekhodi njengokulandelana kwe-chip "01". Uziro ubhalwe ngekhodi njengokulandelana kwe-chip "10". Lokhu kungenziwa kalula ngokusebenzisa iluphu futhi uguqule amabhithi amabili kuphawu ngalunye. Kodwa-ke, kuyashesha ukusebenzisa nje ithebula lokubheka elilula le-16 ku-nibble ngayinye. Umsebenzi we-encode we-Manchester nibble uhlanganisa i-nibble yedatha bese uyibhalela ku-FIFO. Ama-chips aguqulwa ngaphambi kokubhalela i-FIFO ukuze iphendule ngezidingo zesethulo esihlanekezelwe.
Lapho yamukela, ibhayithi ngayinye ku-FIFO iqukethe ama-chips ayisishiyagalombili futhi ihlukaniswa ibe yinqwaba yedatha. Umsebenzi we-block read ufunda ibhayithi eyodwa ngesikhathi ku-FIFO futhi ubiza umsebenzi we-decode byte. Ama-chips aguqulwa ngemuva kokufunda ku-FIFO ukuze aphendule ngezidingo zesethulo esihlanekezelwe. Ibhayithi ngayinye ye-Manchester encoded chips ihlukaniswa ibe yinqwaba yedatha. I-nibble ehlukanisiwe ibhalwe kubhafa ye-RX kusetshenziswa umsebenzi webhafa we-RX wokubhala.
Qaphela ukuthi kokubili ukubhalwa ngekhodi nokuqopha kwenziwa idatha eyodwa ngesikhathi lapho undiza. Ukufaka ikhodi kusigcinalwazi kungadinga ibhafa eyengeziwe enosayizi ophindwe kabili kunosayizi wedatha engenakhodi. Ukufaka ikhodi nokuqopha kushesha kakhulu kunezinga ledatha elisekelwayo elishesha kakhulu (ama-chips angu-100 k ngomzuzwana). Njengoba i-Si443x isekela ukufundwa kwamabhayithi amaningi futhi ibhalele i-FIFO, kukhona okungaphezulu okuncane ekusebenziseni ukufunda nokubhala kwebhayithi eyodwa kuphela. I-overhead cishe i-10 µs yama-chips ayi-100 afakwe ikhodi. Inzuzo ukonga kwe-RAM kwamabhayithi angama-512.
2. Ukukhipha ikhodi Okuthathu Kwesithupha
Indlela yombhalo wekhodi yokuThathu-kwesithupha ecaciswe ku-EN-13757-4 nayo isetshenziswa ku-firmware ku-MCU. Lokhu kufakwa kwekhodi kusetshenziselwa isivinini esikhulu (ama-chips angu-100 k ngesekhondi) Imodi T ukusuka kumitha ukuya kwenye. Imodeli T inikeza isikhathi esifushane sokudlulisela kanye nempilo ende yebhethri yemitha engenantambo.
Ibhayithi ngayinye yedatha ezodluliswa ihlukaniswe ngama-nibbles amabili. I-nibble ebaluleke kakhulu ifakwe ikhodi futhi idluliselwe kuqala. Futhi, lokhu kusetshenziswa kusetshenziswa umsebenzi we-encode byte obiza umsebenzi we-encode nibble kabili.
I-nibble ngayinye yedatha ibhalwe ngekhodi ibe uphawu lwama-chip ayisithupha. Ukulandelana kwezimpawu zama-chip ayisithupha kufanele kubhalwe ku-8chip FIFO.
Ngesikhathi sombhalo wekhodi, amabhayithi amabili edatha afakwa ikhodi njengama-nibbles amane. I-nibble ngayinye iwuphawu lwe-6-chip. Izimpawu ezine ze-6chip zihlanganiswa njengamabhayithi amathathu.
Ithebula 6. Umbhalo Wekhodi Okuthathu Kwayisithupha

idatha	0x12			0x34			amabhayithi
	I-Ox1	0x2		0x3		0x4	nibbles
chip	15	16		13		34	i-octal
	1101	1110		1011		11100	kanambambili
I-FIFO	110100		11100010		11011100		kanambambili
	0x34		OxE2		OxDC		hex

Kusofthiwe, umbhalo wekhodi wokuthathu kokuyisithupha usetshenziswa kusetshenziswa imisebenzi emithathu esesidlekeni. Umsebenzi we-encode byte uzobiza umsebenzi we-encode nibble kabili. Umsebenzi we-encode nibble usebenzisa ithebula lokubheka lophawu lwama-chip ayisithupha futhi ubhala uphawu kokuthi Shift Three kweyisithupha. Lo msebenzi usebenzisa irejista ye-16-chip shift kusofthiwe. Uphawu lubhalwe ngebhayithi ebaluleke kakhulu yerejista yeshifu. Irejista isuswa kwesokunxele kabili. Lokhu kuphindwe kathathu. Uma ibhayithi ephelele ikhona kubhayithi engaphezulu yerejista yeshifu, iyaguqulwa bese ibhalwa ku-FIFO.
Njengoba ibhayithi ngayinye yedatha ifakwe ikhodi njengamabhayithi ekhodi eyodwa nohhafu, kubalulekile ukusula irejista yeshifu ekuqaleni ukuze ibhayithi yokuqala ebhalwe ngekhodi ilungile. Uma ubude bephakethe kuyinombolo eyinqaba, ngemva kokufaka ikhodi kuwo wonke amabhayithi, kusazosala i-nibble eyodwa kurejista yeshifu. Lokhu kusingathwa ngeposi njengoba kuchazwe esigabeni esilandelayo.
Ukukhipha ikhodi kokuthathu kokuyisithupha okubethelwe kuyinqubo ehlehlayo. Lapho kukhishwa amakhodi, amabhayithi amathathu afakwe ikhodi ahlukaniswa abe amabhayithi edatha amabili. Irejista ye-software shift iphinda isetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa amabhayithi edatha ekhishiwe. Ithebula lokubheka eliphambene lezinto ezingu-64 lisetshenziselwa ukukhipha amakhodi. Lokhu kusebenzisa imijikelezo embalwa kodwa inkumbulo yekhodi eyengeziwe. Ukusesha ithebula lokubheka lezinombolo ezingu-16 ukuze uthole uphawu oluhambisanayo kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu.
I-Postamble
Ukucaciswa kwe-Wireless M-bus kunezidingo eziqondile ze-postamble noma i-trailer. Kuzo zonke izindlela, ubuncane bungama-chips amabili, kanti ubuningi bama-chips ayisishiyagalombili. Njengoba ubuncane beyunithi ye-athomu ye-FIFO iyibhayithi eyodwa, i-trailer ye-8-chip isetshenziselwa i-Mode S kanye ne-Mode R. I-Mode T postamble ingama-chips ayisishiyagalombili uma ubude bephakethe bulingana noma ama-chips amane uma ubude bephakethe buyinqaba. I-four-chip postamble yobude bephakethe elingajwayelekile ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuba okungenani nama-chips amabili ashintshanayo.
Ithebula 7. Ubude be-Postamble

	Ubude be-Postamble (ama-chips)
	imiz	ubuningi	Ukuqaliswa		ukulandelana kwe-chip
Imodi S	2	8	8		1010101
Imodi T	2	8	4	(okungavamile)	101
			8	(ngisho)	1010101
Imodi R	2	8	8		1010101

Isibambi sephakethe

Isibambi sephakethe ku-Si443x singasetshenziswa kumodi yobubanzi bephakethe eliguquguqukayo noma imodi yobubanzi bephakethe engashintshi. Imodi yobubanzi bephakethe eguquguqukayo idinga ibhayithi yobude bephakethe ngemva kwegama lokuvumelanisa kanye namabhayithi kanhlokweni ongawakhetha. Lapho ukwamukela, umsakazo uzosebenzisa i-byte yobude ukuze unqume isiphetho sephakethe elivumelekile. Lapho kudluliswa, umsakazo uzofaka inkambu yobude ngemva kwamabhayithi kanhlokweni.
Inkambu ye-L yephrothokholi ye-M-bus engenazintambo ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa inkambu yobude ye-Si443x. Okokuqala, inkambu ye-L akubona ubude bephakethe langempela. Yinombolo yamabhayithi okukhokha kwesendlalelo sesixhumanisi okungabandakanyi amabhayithi e-CRC noma umbhalo wekhodi. Okwesibili, i-L -field ngokwayo ifakwe ikhodi kusetshenziswa umbhalo wekhodi waseManchester noma umbhalo wekhodi wokuThathu kokuyisithupha wemitha ye-Mode T ukuya kwenye.
Ukusetshenziswa kusebenzisa isibambi sephakethe kumodi yobubanzi bephakethe engashintshi kukho kokubili ukudlulisela nokwamukela. Lapho kudluliswa, isendlalelo se-PHY sizofunda inkambu engu-L kubhafa yokudlulisa futhi sibale inani lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi, okuhlanganisa ne-postamble. Isamba senani lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi azodluliswa libhalwe kurejista yobude bephakethe (0x3E).
Ekwamukelweni, amabhayithi amabili okuqala afakwe ikhodi ayakhishwa, futhi inkambu ye-L ibhalwa kubhafa eyamukelwe. Inkambu ye-L isetshenziselwa ukubala inani lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi azotholwa. Inombolo yamabhayithi abhalwe ngekhodi ezotholwa izobe isibhalwa kurejista yobude bephakethe (0x3E). I-postamble ilahliwe.
I-MCU kufanele inqume inkambu ye-L, ibale inani lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi, futhi ibhale inani kurejista yobude bephakethe ngaphambi kokuba kutholwe ubude bephakethe obufushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Inkambu ye-L emfushane kakhulu evumelekile yesendlalelo se-PHY ngu-9, enikeza amabhayithi angenayo ikhodi angu-12. Lokhu kunikeza amabhayithi afakwe ikhodi angu-18 e-Model T. Amabhayithi amabili okuqala asekhishiwe kakade. Ngakho, irejista yobude bephakethe kufanele ibuyekezwe ngezikhathi ezingu-16-byte ngo-100 kbps noma 1.28 millisecond. Lokhu akuyona inkinga ku-8051 esebenza ku-20 MIP.
Inombolo yamabhayithi azotholwa ayibandakanyi i-postamble, ngaphandle kwe-four-chip postamble esetshenziselwa amaphakethe e-Mode T anobude bephakethe elingalingani. Ngakho, umamukeli akadingi i-postamble, ngaphandle kwamaphakethe we-Model T ongajwayelekile. Le postamble idingeka kuphela ukuze unikeze inombolo ephelele yamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi. Okuqukethwe yi-postamble kuzitshwa; ngakho-ke, uma i-postamble ingadluliswanga, ama-chips amane omsindo azotholwa futhi anganakwa. Njengoba inani eliphelele lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi likhawulelwe ku-255 (0xFF), ukusetshenziswa kukhawulela umkhawulo wenkambu ye-L kumamodi ahlukene.
Ithebula 8. Imikhawulo Yosayizi Wephakethe

	kufakwe ikhodi		kuqoshwe ikhodi		I-M-Bus
	amabhayithi		amabhayithi		Inkundla L
	Dec	hex	Dec	hex	Dec	hex
Imodi S	255	FF	127	7 F	110	6E
Imodi T (imitha-enye)	255	FF	169	A9	148	94
Imodi R	255	FF	127	7 F	110	6E

Le mikhawulo ivamise ukuba ngaphezu kwekesi elijwayelekile lokusebenzisa imitha engenantambo. Ubude bephakethe kufanele bugcinwe buncane ukuze uthole impilo yebhethri engcono kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzisi angacacisa umkhawulo wenkambu ye-L okufanele yamukelwe (USER_RX_MAX_L_FIELD). Lokhu kunquma usayizi odingekayo webhafa yokwamukela (USER_RX_BUFFER_SIZE).
Ukusekela inkambu enkulu ye-L engu-255 kuzodinga isigcinalwazi samabhayithi angu-290 kanye nenani eliphakeme lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi angama-581 e-Manchester. Isibambi sephakethe kuzodingeka sikhutshazwe futhi irejista yobude bephakethe ayikwazanga ukusetshenziswa kuleso simo. Lokhu kungenzeka, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa isibambi sephakethe, uma kungenzeka.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-FIFO

I-Si4431 ihlinzeka nge-FIFO engamabhayithi angama-64 yokudlulisa nokwamukela. Njengoba inani lamabhayithi abhalwe ngekhodi lingu-255, iphakethe lonke elifakwe ikhodi lingase lingalingani ngaphakathi kwebhafa ye-64-byte.
Ukudluliswa
Lapho kudluliswa, inani eliphelele lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi liyabalwa. Uma isamba senani lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi, okuhlanganisa ne-postamble, lingaphansi kwamabhayithi angu-64, iphakethe lonke libhalelwa i-FIFO futhi yiphakeji elithunyelwe kuphela eliphazamisayo elinikwe amandla. Amaphakethe amafushane amaningi azothunyelwa ngokudluliswa okukodwa kwe-FIFO.
Uma inani lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi likhulu kuno-64, kuzodingeka ukudluliselwa kwe-FIFO okuningi ukuze kuthunyelwe iphakethe. Amabhayithi okuqala angama-64 abhalelwe i-FIFO. Iphakethe Elithunyelwe kanye ne-TX FIFO Iziphazamiso Ezicishe Ezingenalutho zivuliwe. Umkhawulo we-TX FIFO Icishe Ingabi Nalutho isethelwe kumabhayithi angu-16 (25%). Emcimbini ngamunye we-IRQ, irejista yesimo 2 iyafundwa. Ibhithi Elithunyelwe Iphakethe liyahlolwa kuqala, futhi, uma iphakethe lingathunyelwanga ngokuphelele, amabhayithi angu-48 alandelayo edatha ekhodiwe abhalelwa i-FIFO. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka kuze kubhalwe wonke amabhayithi afakwe ikhodi futhi kwenzeke nokuphazamiseka kwePhakethi Ethunyelwe.
1. Ukwamukela
Ekwamukelweni, ekuqaleni, kuphela ukuphazamiseka kwe-Sync Word okuvunyelwe. Ngemva kokuthola igama lokuvumelanisa, ukuphazamisa igama lokuvumelanisa kuyacishwa futhi i-FIFO Almost Full interrupt ivuliwe. I-FIFO cishe umkhawulo ogcwele ekuqaleni usethelwe kumabhayithi angu-2. Ukuphazamiseka kokuqala kwe-FIFO Okucishe Kuphelele kusetshenziselwa ukwazi ukuthi amabhayithi amabili ubude atholakele nini. Uma ubude sebutholakele, ubude buyahlukaniswa futhi inani lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi liyabalwa. I-RX FIFO cishe i-threshold egcwele ibe isisethelwa kumabhayithi angu-48. I-RX FIFO isicishe igcwele futhi iziphazamiso zePhakethi Evumelekile zivuliwe. Emcimbini olandelayo we-IRQ, irejista yesimo 1 iyafundwa. Okokuqala, ibhithi Lephakethe Elivumelekile liyahlolwa, bese kuhlolwa i-FIFO Almost Full bit. Uma kuphela i-RX FIFO Almost Full bit isethiwe, amabhayithi angu-48 alandelayo afundwa ku-FIFO. Uma ibhithi lephakethe elivumelekile lisethiwe, ingxenye esele yephakethe ifundwa ku-FIFO. I-MCU ilandelela ukuthi mangaki amabhayithi afundiwe futhi iyeke ukufunda ngemva kwebhayithi yokugcina.

Isendlalelo Sokuxhumanisa Idatha

Imojula yesendlalelo sedatha yedatha isebenzisa isendlalelo sesixhumanisi esithobelayo esingu-13757-4:2005. Isendlalelo sesixhumanisi sedatha (LINK) sinikeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwesendlalelo esibonakalayo (PHY) nesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza (AL).
Isendlalelo Sesixhumanisi Sedatha senza imisebenzi elandelayo:

Ihlinzeka ngemisebenzi edlulisa idatha phakathi kwe-PHY ne-AL
Ikhiqiza ama-CRC emilayezo ephumayo
Ithola amaphutha e-CRC emilayezweni engenayo
Inikeza ikheli lendawo
Ivuma ukudluliswa kwezindlela zokuxhumana eziqondiswe kabili
Izingcezu zedatha yozimele
Ithola amaphutha ozimele emilayezweni engenayo

Xhuma Ifomethi Yozimele Wesendlalelo

Ifomethi yozimele ye-M-Bus engenantambo esetshenziswe ku-EN 13757-4:2005 ithathwe kufomethi yozimele ye-FT3 (Uhlobo 3 Lohlaka) ukusuka ku-IEC60870-5-2. Uhlaka luqukethe ibhulokhi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yedatha. Ibhulokhi ngayinye ihlanganisa inkambu ye-CRC engu-16-bit. Ibhokisi lokuqala liyibhulokhi yobude obumisiwe obungamabhayithi angu-12 ehlanganisa inkundla ye-L, i-C-field, i-M-field, ne-A-Field.

Inkundla L
Inkambu ye-L ubude bokulayisha kwedatha yesendlalelo sesixhumanisi. Lokhu akufaki inkambu ye-L ngokwayo noma amanye amabhayithi e-CRC. Ihlanganisa i-L-field, i-C-field, i-M-field, ne-A-Field. Lezi ziyingxenye yomthwalo okhokhelwayo we-PHY.
Ngenxa yokuthi inani lamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi likhawulelwe kumabhayithi angu-255, inani eliphakeme elisekelwayo lenkundla ye-M lingamabhayithi angu-110 kudatha ebethelwe yase-Manchester kanye namabhayithi angu-148 wedatha yekhodi ye-Mode T Three-Out-Six.
Isendlalelo sesixhumanisi sinesibopho sokubala inkambu ye-L ekudluliseni. Isendlalelo sesixhumanisi sizosebenzisa inkambu ye-L ekwamukelweni.
Qaphela ukuthi inkambu ye-L ayibonisi ubude bokulayisha kwe-PHY noma inombolo yamabhayithi afakwe ikhodi. Lapho kudluliswa, i-PHY izobala ubude bokulayisha kwe-PHY kanye nenani lamabhayithi abhalwe ngekhodi. Lapho yamukelwa, i-PHY izonquma inkambu ye-L futhi ibale inani lamabhayithi ukuze iqoshwe.
I-C-Field
I-C-field iyinkambu yokulawula uzimele. Le nkambu ikhomba uhlobo lohlaka futhi isetshenziselwa iziqalo zesevisi yokushintshisana kwedatha yesixhumanisi. Inkundla ye-C ikhombisa uhlobo lozimele – THUMELA, QINISEKISA, CELA, noma PHENDULELA. Endabeni ethi THUMELA kanye ne-REQUEST ozimele, inkambu ka-C ikhombisa ukuthi KUQINISEKILE noma UKUPHENDULA kulindelekile.
Uma usebenzisa umsebenzi oyisisekelo we-Link TX, noma yiliphi inani lika-C lingasetshenziswa. Uma usebenzisa i-Link Service Primitives, inkambu ye-C igcwaliswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya nge-EN 13757-4:2005.
I-M-Field
I-M-field yikhodi yomkhiqizi. Abakhiqizi bangacela ikhodi enezinhlamvu ezintathu kokulandelayo web ikheli: http://www.dlms.com/flag/INDEX.HTM Uhlamvu ngalunye lwekhodi enezinhlamvu ezintathu lufakwe ikhodi njengamabhithi amahlanu. Ikhodi engu-5-bit ingatholwa ngokuthatha ikhodi ye-ASCII futhi kukhishwe u-0x40 (“A”). Amakhodi amathathu we-5-bit ahlanganiswe ukwenza amabhithi ayi-15. Ibhithi ebaluleke kakhulu inguziro.
I-A-Field
Inkambu yamakheli iyikheli eliyingqayizivele le-6-byte kudivayisi ngayinye. Ikheli eliyingqayizivele kufanele linikezwe umenzi. Kuyisibopho somkhiqizi ngamunye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ngayinye inekheli eliyingqayizivele elingu-6-byte. Ikheli lamafreyimu okuthi Thumela futhi Cela ikheli lakho siqu lemitha noma enye idivayisi. Ozimele bedatha yokuqinisekisa nezimpendulo bathunyelwa kusetshenziswa ikheli ledivayisi ephuma kuyo.
I-CI-Field
Inkundla ye-CI iyinhloko yohlelo lokusebenza futhi icacisa uhlobo lwedatha ekulayishweni kwedatha yohlelo lokusebenza. Ngenkathi i-EN13757-4:2005 icacisa inani elilinganiselwe lamanani, I-Link Service Primitives izovumela noma yiliphi inani ukuthi lisetshenziswe.
CRC
I-CRC icaciswe ku-EN13757-4:2005.
I-CRC Polynomial yile:
X16 + x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 +x6 + x5 +x2 + 1
Qaphela ukuthi i-M-Bus CRC ibalwa phezu kwebhulokhi ngayinye eyi-16-byte. Umphumela uba ukuthi wonke amabhayithi angu-16 edatha adinga amabhayithi angu-18 ukuze adluliselwe,

Ulwazi Olwengeziwe

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana Nokusetshenziswa Kwesendlalelo Sesixhumanisi, bona "AN452: Umhlahlandlela Wokuhlela Isitaki Se-M-Bus Okungenantambo".

Ukuphathwa kwamandla

Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa umugqa wesikhathi wokuphathwa kwamandla we-ex yemithaampusebenzisa i-Mode T1.

I-MCU kufanele ibe kumodi yokulala noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona ukuze wonge amandla. Kulesi exampfuthi, i-MCU ilele lapho i-RTC isebenza, lapho ilinde ukuqaliswa kwekristalu yomsakazo, nalapho isakaza isuka ku-FIFO. I-MCU izovuka kusignali ye-EZRadioPRO IRQ exhunywe ekuvusweni kwe-Port Match.
Lapho idlulisela imilayezo emide kunebhulokhi elilodwa, i-MCU kufanele ivuke ukuze igcwalise i-FIFO (ngokusekelwe ku-FIFO cishe ukuphazamiseka okungenalutho) bese iphindela ukulala.
I-MCU kufanele ibe kumodi ye-Idle egijima isuka ku-oscillator yamandla aphansi noma i-oscillator yemodi yokuqhuma lapho ufunda ku-ADC. I-ADC idinga iwashi le-SAR.
Uma ingasetshenziswa, i-EZRadioPRO kufanele ibe kumodi yokuvala shaqa ngephinikhodi ye-SDN eshayelwa phezulu. Lokhu kudinga uxhumano oluqinile lwe-MCU. Amarejista e-EZ Radio Pro awagcinwa kwimodi yokuvala; ngakho-ke, i-EZRadioPro iqalwa ngesikhawu ngasinye se-RTC. Ukuqalisa umsakazo kuthatha ngaphansi kuka-100 µs futhi konga u-400 nA. Lokhu kubangela ukonga amandla okungu-10 µJ, okususelwe kusikhawu samasekhondi angu-10.
Ikristalu ye-EZRadioPRO ithatha cishe u-16 ms ku-POR. Lokhu kude ngokwanele ukubala i-CRC cishe amabhulokhi ayisishiyagalombili. I-MCU izophinde ilale uma iqeda wonke ama-CRC ngaphambi kokuthi ikristalu izinze. Uma ukubethela kudingekile, nakho kungaqalwa ngenkathi kulindile ku-crystal oscillator.
I-MCU kufanele isebenze ku-20 MHz isebenzisa i-oscillator enamandla aphansi emisebenzini eminingi. Imisebenzi edinga isikhathi esinembile sokuvala kufanele isebenzise i-oscillator enembayo nemodi yokungenzi lutho esikhundleni semodi yokulala. I-RTC inikeza ukulungiswa okwanele kwemisebenzi eminingi. Umugqa wesikhathi wokuphathwa kwamandla we-T2 meter exampuhlelo lokusebenza luboniswa kuMfanekiso 3.

Ukufakwa kwe-transceiver kufanele kuthuthukiselwe esimweni esivamile lapho imitha ivuka futhi kungekho mfundi okhona. Ubuncane/isilinganiso esiphezulu sesikhathi sokuvala se-ACK side ngokwanele ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa i-C8051F930 RTC futhi ufake i-MCU kumodi yokulala.
Izinketho zomakhiwo zinikezwa amamayini noma izifundi ezisebenza nge-USB ezingadingi ukusebenzisa imodi yokulala. Imodi yokungenzi lutho izosetshenziswa esikhundleni sokulala ukuze i-USB ne-UART iphazamise i-MCU.

Isitudiyo esilula
Ukufinyelela ngokuchofoza okukodwa ku-MCU namathuluzi angenantambo, imibhalo, isofthiwe, imitapo yolwazi yamakhodi omthombo nokuningi. Itholakalela iWindows,
IMac neLinux!


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Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza

I-SILICON LABS Wireless M-BUS Software Implementation AN451 [pdf] Umhlahlandlela Womsebenzisi
I-SILICON LABS, C8051, MCU, kanye, EZRadioPRO, Wireless M-bus, Wireless, M-BUS, Software, Implementation, AN451

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