Ukugeleza Kokuqonda Kwenzwa A Okubanzi
Ulwazi Lomkhiqizo
Imininingwane
Lo mkhiqizo ungumhlahlandlela ophelele wokuqonda ukugeleza kwefiziksi nobunjiniyela.
Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo
Yini i-Flow?
Ukugeleza ukunyakaza kwezinhlayiya zoketshezi ngaphakathi kwe-medium, okubandakanya isivinini, ingcindezi, kanye nendlela.
Izinhlobo zokugeleza
- Ukugeleza kwe-Laminar: Ukugeleza okushelelayo nokuhlelekile ngesivinini esiphansi kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu.
- Ukugeleza Okuyaluzayo: Ukugeleza kwesiphithiphithi nokungajwayelekile kumavelocities aphezulu kanye ne-viscosity ephansi.
- Ukugeleza Kwenguquko: Isimo esiphakathi phakathi kokugeleza kwe-laminar nokuyaluzayo.
- Ukugeleza Okucindezelwayo Nokungacindezeleki: Ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni kokuminyana koketshezi ngomfutho.
- Ukugeleza Okuzinzile Nokungazinzi: Ukuzinza kwepharamitha yokuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukukala Ukugeleza
Ukukalwa kokugeleza kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle, ukuphepha, nokuthobela imithetho. Kusetshenziswa izindlela namadivayisi ahlukene ukulinganisa ukugeleza okusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zoketshezi nezimo.
Izindlela Zokulinganisa Ukugeleza:
- I-Volumetric Flow Rate
- I-Mass Flow Rate
Isixhumanisi sangempela: https://sensor1stop.com/knowledge/understanding-flow/
Ukugeleza Kokuqonda: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele
Ukugeleza kuwumqondo oyisisekelo ku-physics nobunjiniyela, kubhekiselwa ekuhambeni koketshezi (uketshezi noma igesi) ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Kuyipharamitha ebalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi, kusukela ezinqubweni zezimboni kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha amanzi kuya endaweni yemvelo kanye nasemizimbeni yethu. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubuka okujulile kokuthi kuyini ukugeleza, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugeleza, ukuthi kukalwa kanjani, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwakho emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Yini i-Flow
Ukugeleza kuchazwa njengokuhamba kwezinhlayiya eziwuketshezi phakathi nendawo. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zoketshezi uketshezi namagesi. Ukugeleza kungachazwa ngokuya ngesivinini, ingcindezi, nendlela. Ucwaningo lokugeleza lubandakanya ukuqonda ukuthi uketshezi luziphatha kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene nokuthi luxhumana kanjani nendawo ebazungezile.
Izinhlobo zokugeleza
Ukugeleza kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa ngokusekelwe kumibandela ehlukahlukene, njengemvelo yokunyakaza koketshezi, isimiso sokugeleza, kanye nezakhiwo zoketshezi. Nazi izinhlobo eziphambili zokugeleza:
Ukugeleza kwe-Laminar
Ukugeleza kwe-laminar kwenzeka lapho uketshezi lugeleza ngezingqimba ezihambisanayo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka phakathi kwazo. Lolu hlobo lokugeleza lubonakala ngokunyakaza okubushelelezi nokuhlelekile koketshezi. Isivinini soketshezi sihlala njalo kunoma yisiphi isikhathi endaweni yokugeleza. Ukugeleza kwe-laminar kuvame ukubonwa ngesivinini sokugeleza okuphansi nakuketshezi olune-viscosity ephezulu.
Ukugeleza Okuyaluzayo
Ukugeleza kwesiyaluyalu kubonakala ngokunyakaza koketshezi okunesiphithiphithi nokungajwayelekile. Kulolu hlobo lokugeleza, izinhlayiya zoketshezi zihamba ngendlela engahleliwe, okubangela ukuxubana nokuguquguquka kwesivinini nokucindezela.
Ukugeleza kwesiyaluyalu kuvamile ngesivinini sokugeleza okuphezulu kanye nakuketshezi olune-viscosity ephansi. Ivame ukubonwa ezimweni zemvelo ezifana nama-rapids emfuleni kanye nama-atmospheric currents.
Ukugeleza Kwenguquko
Ukugeleza kwenguquko yisimo esiphakathi phakathi kokugeleza kwe-laminar kanye nesiyaluyalu. Kwenzeka lapho isivinini sokugeleza siphezulu ngokwanele ukuphazamisa ukugeleza kwe-laminar kodwa akwanele ukusekela isiyaluyalu esithuthuke ngokugcwele. Ukugeleza kwenguquko kuvame ukubonwa ekugelezeni kwamapayipi nasezingqimbeni zemingcele.
Ukugeleza Okucindezelweyo nokungenakucindezelwa
Ukugeleza okucindezelekile kwenzeka lapho ukuminyana koketshezi kushintsha kakhulu ngokucindezela. Lolu hlobo lokugeleza luvamile kumagesi, ikakhulukazi esivinini esikhulu nangaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi ezihlukene. Ukugeleza okungaqondakali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthatha ukuthi ukuminyana koketshezi kuhlala kungashintshi. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kuvame ukuvumeleka oketshezini nasekugelezeni kwegesi enesivinini esiphansi.
Ukugeleza Okuzinzile Nokungagxili
Ukugeleza okuzinzile kusho ukuthi amapharamitha okugeleza (isivinini, ingcindezi, nokuminyana) awashintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nganoma isiphi isikhathi oketshezini. Ngokuphambene, ukugeleza okungaqinile kwenzeka lapho lezi zinhlaka zihluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukukala Ukugeleza
Ukulinganisa ukugeleza kubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokulawula
ukuthobela. Isilinganiso sokugeleza sibandakanya ukunquma inani loketshezi oludlula endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esinikeziwe. Kunezindlela ezahlukene kanye namadivayisi wokulinganisa ukugeleza, ngayinye ifanele izinhlobo ezithile zoketshezi kanye nezimo zokugeleza.
Izindlela Zokulinganisa Ukugeleza
I-Volumetric Flow Rate
Isilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-Volumetric umthamo woketshezi oludlula endaweni eyodwa ngesikhathi seyunithi. Ngokuvamile kukalwa ngama-cubic metres ngomzuzwana (m³/s) noma amalitha ngomzuzu (L/min). Amadivayisi afana nama-rotameters, amamitha okugeleza kwe-turbine, namamitha okuthutha amahle avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala izinga lokugeleza kwe-volumetric.
I-Mass Flow Rate
Isilinganiso sokugeleza okukhulu yinqwaba yoketshezi oludlula endaweni eyodwa ngesikhathi seyunithi. Ngokuvamile kukalwa ngamakhilogremu ngomzuzwana (kg/s) noma amaphawundi ngehora (lb/h). Amamitha okugeleza kwe-Coriolis kanye namamitha okugeleza kwe-thermal mass avame ukusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo.
Isivinini sokugeleza kwesivinini
Izinga lokugeleza kwesivinini likala isivinini izinhlayiya zoketshezi ezihamba ngaso. Ivamise ukukalwa ngamamitha ngomzuzwana (m/s). Amadivayisi afana namashubhu e-pitot, amamitha okugeleza kwe-ultrasonic, namamitha okugeleza kagesi angasetshenziswa ukukala isivinini sokugeleza.
Amadivayisi Okulinganisa Okugeleza Okujwayelekile
Amapuleti e-Orifice
Amapuleti e-Orifice angamadivayisi alula futhi angabizi kakhulu asetshenziselwa ukukala ukugeleza ngokudala ukwehla kwengcindezi enqamula umkhawulo endleleni yokugeleza. Umehluko wengcindezi ulingana nezinga lokugeleza.
I-Venturi Tubes
Amashubhu e-Venturi alinganisa ukugeleza ngokunciphisa indawo enqamulayo yendlela yokugeleza, okubangela ukwehla kokucindezela okungahlotshaniswa nesilinganiso sokugeleza. Ziyaziwa ngokunemba kwazo okuphezulu nokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ephansi.
Ama-Rotameters
Ama-Rotameters amamitha okugeleza kwendawo aguquguqukayo akala izinga lokugeleza ngokusekelwe endaweni yokuntanta ngaphakathi kweshubhu elicijile. I-float iyakhuphuka futhi yehle ngezinga lokugeleza, futhi isikhundla sayo sibonisa izinga lokugeleza.
I-Turbine Flow Meters
Amamitha okugeleza ka-turbine akala izinga lokugeleza ngokuthola isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-turbine ebekwe endleleni yokugeleza. Isivinini sokujikeleza silingana nezinga lokugeleza.
Ugesi Flow Amamitha
Amamitha okugeleza kwe-electromagnetic akala izinga lokugeleza ngokuthola ivolumutage ekhiqizwa njengoba uketshezi conductive kugeleza endaweni kazibuthe. Umqulutagu-e ulingana nezinga lokugeleza.
I-Ultrasonic Flow Meters
Amamitha okugeleza kwe-Ultrasonic akala izinga lokugeleza kusetshenziswa amaza omsindo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: amamitha okugeleza kwesikhathi sokuhamba, akala umehluko wesikhathi phakathi kwamagagasi omsindo akhuphuka nomfula, kanye namamitha okugeleza kwe-Doppler, akala ukushintshwa kwemvamisa kwamaza omsindo aboniswa yizinhlayiya oketshezini.
I-Coriolis Flow Meters
Amamitha okugeleza kwe-Coriolis akala izinga lokugeleza okukhulu ngokuthola amandla e-Coriolis afakwa eshubhuni elidlidlizayo ngoketshezi olugelezayo. Ukushintsha kwesigaba okubangelwa amandla e-Coriolis kuhambisana nezinga lokugeleza okukhulu.
Izicelo Zokukala Ukugeleza
Isilinganiso sokugeleza sibalulekile ezimbonini nasekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile lapho ukukala ukugeleza okunembile kubalulekile:
Izinqubo Zezimboni
Ezinkambisweni zezimboni, ukulinganisa kokugeleza kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini nezinqubo. Ukulinganisa ukugeleza okunembile kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, nokuphepha. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni amakhemikhali, ekukhiqizeni uwoyela negesi, nasekukhiqizeni ukudla nesiphuzo.
Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Namanzi Angcolile
Isilinganiso sokugeleza sibalulekile ekulawulweni kwamanzi namanzi angcolile ukuze kuqashwe futhi kulawulwe ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho, kanye nokwenza ngcono izinqubo zokwelashwa. Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa amanzi, izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela.
Amasistimu we-HVAC
Ezinhlelweni zokushisisa, zokungenisa umoya, nezomoya (HVAC), ukukalwa kokugeleza kuqinisekisa ukugeleza komoya okufanele nokusatshalaliswa koketshezi. Isiza ukugcina izindawo zasendlini ezinethezekile, ithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi ivimbele ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu.
Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha
Isilinganiso sokugeleza sibalulekile kumishini yezokwelapha njengama-ventilators, imishini yokubulala izinzwa, neziqapha zokugeleza kwegazi. Ukulinganisa ukugeleza okunembile kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesiguli kanye nokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
Ukuqapha Imvelo
Isilinganiso sokugeleza sisetshenziswa ekuqapheni imvelo ukuze kuhlolwe izinga lamanzi, ikhwalithi yomoya, namazinga okungcola. Kuyasiza ekuqondeni nasekulawuleni imithelela yemvelo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho.
Ezezimoto kanye ne-Aerospace
Ezimbonini zezimoto kanye ne-aerospace, isilinganiso sokugeleza sisetshenziselwa ukuqapha nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukusebenza kwenjini, namandla oketshezi. Iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokwethembeka kwezimoto nezindiza.
Isiphetho
Ukugeleza kuwumqondo oyisisekelo ku-physics nobunjiniyela ochaza ukunyakaza koketshezi. Ukuqonda ukugeleza nezinhlobo zakho ezihlukene, izindlela zokulinganisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kubalulekile ezimbonini eziningi nasekusetshenzisweni. Ukulinganisa ukugeleza okunembile kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokuhambisana nokulawula kwezinqubo nezinhlelo. Ngokukhetha indlela efanelekile yokulinganisa ukugeleza kanye nedivayisi, izimboni zingafinyelela isilinganiso esithembekile nesinembile sokugeleza, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nemiphumela.
Izinzwa ezigelezayo kanye namamitha okugeleza afika ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, ngayinye ine-advan yayotages kanye
disadvantages. Ukuqonda izimiso zokusebenza kanye nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza kuzokusiza ukhethe idivayisi yokulinganisa ukugeleza efaneleke kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okwezinqubo zezimboni, ukuphathwa kwamanzi, amasistimu e-HVAC, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, ukugadwa kwemvelo, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto nezasemoyeni, ukukalwa kokugeleza okunembile kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Umbuzo: Kungani ukulinganisa ukugeleza kubalulekile?
A: Isilinganiso sokugeleza siqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokuhambisana nokulawula ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene.
Q: Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokugeleza?
A: Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokugeleza zifaka ukugeleza kwe-laminar, ukugeleza kwesiyaluyalu, ukugeleza kwesikhashana, ukugeleza okucindezelwayo nokungenakucindezelwa, nokugeleza okuzinzile nokungazinzile.
Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza
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Ukugeleza Kokuqonda Kwenzwa A Okubanzi [pdf] Umhlahlandlela Womsebenzisi Ukuqonda Ukugeleza Okubanzi, Ukuzwisisa, Ukugeleza Okubanzi, Okubanzi |