LINEAR TECHNOLOGY DC2618 Digital Temperature Measurement System
DESCRIPTION
I-DC2608 iyikhithi yokuqala yokubonisa ukusebenza nokusebenziseka kalula kwe-LTC®2986-1, okuwuhlelo oluphelele lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa ku-chip. Le khithi ihlanganisa i-DC2618 (isekethe yedemo eyinhloko equkethe i-LTC2986-1) kanye ne-DC2210 (umjikelezo wokuhlola olula ovumela ukuguqulwa kokudla). Ngokungeziwe kukhithi yokubonisa yesiqalisi, amabhodi okuboniswa enzwa ethile agqamisa ukusebenza kwama-RTD, ama-thermistors, noma ama-thermocouples ayatholakala.
- Ibhodi Lokukala Lokushisa Lomhlaba Wonke – DC2211
- Ibhodi le-Thermocouple - DC2212
- Ibhodi le-RTD elizinikezele - DC2213
- Ibhodi le-Thermistor elizinikele - DC2214
I-DC2618 iyilungu lomndeni wakwa-QuikEval™ wamabhodi emiboniso. Iklanyelwe ukuvumela ukuhlolwa okulula kwe-LTC2986-1 futhi ingase ixhunywe kunoma yiliphi elinye lamabhodi endodakazi yezinzwa. Lawa mabhodi endodakazi avumela ukuhlolwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa ze-LTC2986-1 (bona Umfanekiso 1). Ngohlelo olubonakalayo lwedijithali, i-DC2618 ingase ixhumeke ku-DC2026 Linduino® One. Idizayini files zaleli bhodi lesifunda ziyatholakala ku http://www.linear.com/demo/DC2608L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology, ilogo ye-Linear, ne-Linduino izimpawu zokuthengisa ezibhalisiwe, futhi i-QuikEval yizimpawu zokuthengisa ze-Analog Devices, Inc. Zonke ezinye izimpawu zokuthengisa ziyimpahla yabanikazi bazo.
INQUBO YOKUQALA NGOKUSHESHA
Xhuma eyodwa yamabhodi endodakazi yezinzwa ezinhlanu (DC2210, DC2211, DC2212, DC2213, noma DC2214) ebhodini ledemo le-DC2618. Xhuma i-DC2618 ku-DC2026 usebenzisa intambo yeribhoni eyi-14-conductor. Xhuma i-DC2026 ku-PC usebenzisa intambo evamile ye-USB A/B. Qalisa isofthiwe ye-QuikEval okungalandwa inguqulo yakamuva ku-Linear webindawo ku www.linear.com/software. Uhlelo lwedemo ye-LTC2986-1 luzolayishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Bheka imanuwali yesofthiwe ye-LTC2986DSM ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe.
Isoftware yedemo isiza ukuhlela nokusebenzisa i-LTC2986-1. Ingakwazi ukumisa i-LTC2986-1, ihlole futhi igcine ukucushwa, isebenzise i-LTC2986-1, ikhiphe imiphumela ibe yi- file, futhi udale ngisho nekhodi C elungile ye-Linduino One ngokusekelwe ekucushweni. Isofthiwe yedemo ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi alungiselele i-LTC2986-1 mathupha noma ngokuzenzakalelayo kusuka kudatha egcinwe ebhodini lendodakazi ye-EEPROM. Ngicela ubone www.linear.com/LTC2986software ngemanuwali yesoftware yedemo. Kuhlanganisa okokufundisa okufushane ukuze uqalise. Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa isithombe-skrini sesofthiwe yedemo ekuqaleni.
UKUHLELWA KWE-HARDWARE
I-DC2210 IBHODI LOKUHLOLA
(IHLANGANISIWE KU-DC2608 KIT)
Ibhodi yokuhlola ye-DC2210 (bona Umfanekiso 3) iletha zonke iziteshi ze-LTC2986-1 kanye noxhumano lwe-COM endaweni ye-proto kanye nebhulokhi yetheminali enezikhundla ezingu-24. Umsebenzisi angaxhuma noma yiziphi izinzwa ezisekelwayo nezinqandamizwa kunoma yikuphi okokufaka kwe-LTC2986-1 kule ndawo. Umfanekiso 4 ubonisa uhlelo lokuxhuma lwebhodi le-DC2210 Experimenter. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi i-CH1 ukuya ku-CH10 kuphela evumelekile ku-DC2210 uma isetshenziswa kanye ne-DC2618.
UKUHLELWA KWE-HARDWARE
I-DC2211 IBHODI LOKULINGANA LWEZINGA LONKE
Ibhodi yokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwendawo yonke (bona Umfanekiso 5) ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi axhume noma yiziphi izinzwa ezisekelwa i-LTC2986-1 kubhodi yedemo ye-DC2618.
UKUHLELWA KWE-HARDWARE
Ibhodi lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomhlaba wonke linesivimbeli senzwa esakhelwe ngaphakathi sezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-RTD kanye ne-diode yenzwa ye-junction ebandayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-thermocouple (bona Umfanekiso 6 we-DC2211 schematic diagram). I-resistor yenzwa iyisivikeli senzwa esingu-2kΩ ±0.1% 10ppm/°C eziteshini 1 no-2 ezingasetshenziswa nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo zenzwa ye-RTD ezisekelwayo. Inani elinembile lalesi sivimbeli senzwa ligcinwe ku-EEPROM esebhodini. Isofthiwe yedemo ye-LTC2986-1 ingakwazi ukufunda le EEPROM futhi iyisebenzisele ukulungisa inani lokumelana nomuzwa kumemori yokucushwa ye-LTC2986-1. Ukuxhumana kwangaphandle ebhodini lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa jikelele kuyibhulokhi yesikulufu setheminali enendawo engu-8 enophinikhodi ogelezayo.
Ithebula 1. I-Pinout Yesixhumi Setheminali ye-DC2211
| Isikhundla A | LTC2986-1 CH2 kanye nohlangothi oluphansi lwe-on-board 2k resistor sensor |
| Isikhundla B | I-LTC2986-1 CH3 |
| Isikhundla C | I-LTC2986-1 CH4 |
| Isikhundla D | I-LTC2986-1 CH5 |
| Isikhundla E | Ukuxhumana Okujwayelekile/Okuphansi |
| Isikhundla F | Ukuxhumana Okujwayelekile/Okuphansi |
| Isikhundla G | Ukuxhumana Okujwayelekile/Okuphansi |
| Isikhundla H | Ukuxhumana Okujwayelekile/Okuphansi |
UKUHLELWA KWE-HARDWARE
IBHODI LENDODAKAZI YOKUKALATHA OKUPHAKATHI EXAMPLES
- Ama-thermocouples amane axhunywe kuzindawo ze-AD ngoxhumo olunegethivu oluboshelwe ezindaweni ezithi EH kusetshenziswa i-onboard diode njengenzwa ye-junction ebandayo (bona Umfanekiso 7a we-schematic kanye noMfanekiso 8a ukuze uthole ukucushwa kwesofthiwe okuhambisanayo).
- I-RTD enezintambo ezi-4 exhunywe ku-AD kusetshenziswa isivikeli senzwa esisebhodini njengereferensi ye-ratiometric (bona Umfanekiso 7b wohlelo kanye noMfanekiso 8b ukuze uthole ukulungiselelwa kwesofthiwe okuhambisanayo).
Ibhodi le-thermocouple (bona Umfanekiso 9) libonisa ukuguquguquka, ukunemba, nezici zomsindo ophansi we-LTC2986-1 thermocouple modes. Uma umsebenzisi efisa ukuxhuma izinzwa zangaphandle ebhodini le-thermocouple, kunikezwa ojeke ababili bohlobo lwe-thermocouple (J2 kanye ne-J3) (bona umdwebo we-schematic Umfanekiso 10 kanye nokucushwa kwesofthiwe ehambisanayo Umfanekiso 11). Umsebenzisi angaxhuma noma yimaphi ama-thermocouples asekelwayo e-LTC2986-1 (B, E, J, K, N, R, S, noma T) kanye nama-thermocouples angokwezifiso ngala majeke.
Ukuze ubonise ukuguquguquka kwe-LTC2986-1, ibhodi le-thermocouple lihlanganisa ama-diode abandayo e-junction (Q1 ne-Q2) ashumekwe kusokhethi ngalinye le-thermocouple. Kungenjalo, i-4-wire PT100 RTD (R5) ingasetshenziswa njengenzwa ye-junction ebandayo ye-thermocouples noma womabili. Ukuze ubonise umsindo ophansi wesistimu kanye ne-offset ye-LTC2986-1, ibhodi le-thermocouple linikeza isikhashana esiteshini 5. Ukuze ubonise ukunemba kwe-LTC2986-1, ibhodi le-thermocouple livumela umsebenzisi ukuthi axhume i-calibrator ye-thermocouple noma i-external calibrator. ivolumutagUmthombo oya ku-CH10 ye-LTC2986-1 ngamajeke kabhanana (J4 kanye ne-J5).
I-DC2213 IBHODI LE-RTD ELINIKEZELWE
Ibhodi le-RTD elizinikele le-DC2213 (bona uMdwebo 12) libonisa ukuguquguquka, ukunemba, nezici zomsindo ophansi wezindlela zenzwa ye-LTC2986-1 RTD. I-DC2213 ihlinzeka ngamasekethe amaningana abonisa izici ze-LTC2986-1.
I-DC2213 (bona umdwebo wohlelo Umfanekiso 13 kanye nokucushwa kwesofthiwe ehambisanayo Umfanekiso 14) inikeza isivikeli senzwa esingu-2kΩ ±0.1% 10ppm/°C eziteshini 2 no-3 ezingasetshenziswa nanoma yimaphi amasekhethi enzwa ye-RTD kuleli bhodi. Uxhumo olwengeziwe lwe-Kelvin luphinde lunikezwe kulesi sivikeli senzwa esiteshini 1. Inani elinembile elilinganisiwe lalesi sinqamuleli senzwa ligcinwe ku-EEPROM esebhodini lapho isofthiwe yedemo ye-LTC2986-1 engakwazi ukuyifunda futhi ilisebenzise ukulungisa inani le-resistance. Ukuze ubonise umsindo wesistimu ophansi we-LTC2986-1, ibhodi le-RTD elizinikele lihlinzeka ngesifanisi esingu-0°C PT100 (100Ω ±0.01% 10ppm/°C) eziteshini 3 kuya ku-6 ezilungiselelwe njengenzwa enezintambo ezi-4. Ngaphezu kwalokhu umsebenzisi angasebenzisa le sekhethi ukuze abonise ukuthi imodi ezungezisiwe iliqeda kanjani iphutha lokulinganisa elethulwe ama-thermocouples angama-parasitic. Ukwenza lesi silinganiso kube lula, i-DC2213 inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo se-thermocouple sangaphandle esisebenza njenge-parasitic thermocouple.
UKUHLELWA KWE-HARDWARE
Ukuze ubone imithelela ye-thermocouples ye-parasitic kumamodi okulinganisa angaphenduki, qala kala isilingisi esisebhodini esingu-0°C PT100 ekucushweni okungaphenduki futhi ubone iphutha lokulinganisa njengoba izinga lokushisa le-thermocouple lishintsha. Ukuze ubone inzuzo yemodi yokulinganisa ezungezisiwe, shintsha usuka kokuthi akukho ukuzungezisa/ukwabelana uye ekucushweni kokuzungezisa/ukwabelana futhi ubone amaphutha ethulwe i-parasitic thermocouple encishisiwe. Ngokungeziwe esilinganisweni senani le-RTD eligxilile, kukhona nesifanisi se-RTD esiphikisayo esiguquguqukayo. Lo mjikelezo ungasetshenziswa ukukhombisa ububanzi bezinzwa ezihlukahlukene ze-LTC2986-1 RTD kanye nokubonisa amakhono okuthola amaphutha we-LTC2986-1. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi isici esiphikisayo esiguquguqukayo se-DC2213 sidinga isiteshi 11 futhi ngeke sisebenze ne-DC2618. Uma umsebenzisi efisa ukuxhuma i-RTD yangaphandle ebhodini lezinzwa, ibhulokhi yetheminali enendawo engu-4 inikezwa. Umsebenzisi angaxhuma noma imaphi ama-RTD asekelwayo e-LTC2986-1 kanye nama-RTD angokwezifiso ebhodini ledemo le-DC2618 ngokusebenzisa lesi sikhombimsebenzisi. I-interface ingalungiselelwa izinzwa zezintambo ezi-3 noma ezi-4. Ukuze ubonise ukunemba kwe-LTC2986-1, umsebenzisi angase futhi axhume isilinganisi se-RTD noma isiphikisa esinembayo kulesi sixhumanisi.
UKUHLELWA KWE-HARDWARE
I-DC2214 IBHODI LE-THERMISTOR ELINIKEZELWE
Ibhodi le-thermistor elizinikele le-DC2214 lihlanganisa amasekhethi ambalwa (bona uMfanekiso 15) ukuze abonise ukuguquguquka, ukunemba, nezici zomsindo ophansi zamamodi we-LTC2986-1 thermistor sensor. I-DC2214 inikeza isivikeli senzwa esingu-10kΩ ±0.1% 15ppm/°C eziteshini 1 no-2 esabelwa nawo wonke amasekhethi enzwa ye-thermistor kuleli bhodi (bona umdwebo wohlelo Umfanekiso 16 kanye nokucushwa kwesofthiwe ehambisanayo Umfanekiso 17). Inani elilinganisiwe lalesi sivikeli senzwa ligcinwe ku-EEPROM esebhodini lapho isofthiwe yedemo ye-LTC2986-1 engakwazi ukuyifunda futhi ilisebenzise ukuze kumiswe inani lokumelana nomuzwa.
Ukuze ubonise umsindo wesistimu ophansi we-LTC2986-1 ibhodi le-thermistor elizinikele lihlinzeka ngesifanisi se-thermistor esingu-25°C 10k (10kΩ ±0.1% 15ppm/°C) eziteshini ezingu-2-4 ezilungiselelwe njengenzwa ehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, umsebenzisi angase asebenzise lesi sekhethi ukuze abonise ukuthi imodi ezungezisiwe iwaqeda kanjani amaphutha okulinganisa alethwe ama-thermocouples angama-parasitic. Ukuze kube lula lokhu kuboniswa i-DC2214 inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo se-thermocouple sangaphandle esisebenza njenge-parasitic thermocouple.
Ukuze ubone imithelela ye-thermocouples ye-parasitic kumamodi wokulinganisa angaphenduki, qala kala isifanisi se-thermistor esisebhodini esingu-25°C 10k ekulungiselelweni kokungazungezi/okwaba futhi ubone iphutha lokulinganisa njengoba izinga lokushisa le-thermocouple lishintsha. Ukuze ubone inzuzo yemodi yokulinganisa ezungezisiwe, shintshela ekucushweni kokuzungezisa/ukwabelana futhi ubone amaphutha ethulwe yi-parasitic thermocouple ashabalala (imithelela ibaluleke kakhulu nge-excitation current ephansi).
I-DC2214 iphinde ihlanganise nesifanisi se-thermistor esingu-499kΩ (0.1% 15ppm/°C) eziteshini 9 no-10. Ngokufanelekile, lesi sithasi silingisa u-–30.59°C ku-44008 (30k) thermistor kanye -51.94°C nge-44006k10 (10) . Qaphela, ukuthi i-thermistor engu-2986k ibika izinga lokushisa kodwa futhi ikhombisa iphutha elithambile njengoba izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elincane elicacisiwe le-thermistor. Ngokungeziwe kuzilingisi ze-thermistor yenani elingaguquki, kukhona nesifanisi se-resistor thermistor esiguquguqukayo futhi. Lo mjikelezo ungasetshenziswa ukukhombisa ububanzi bezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa ze-LTC1-2986 kanye nokubonisa amakhono okuthola amaphutha we-LTC1-XNUMX.
Uma umsebenzisi efisa ukuxhuma i-thermistor yangaphandle ebhodini lendodakazi, ibhulokhi yetheminali enezindawo ezi-2 inikezwa. Umsebenzisi angaxhuma noma yiziphi izifudumezi ezisekelwayo ze-LTC2986-1 kanye nama-thermistors ngokwezifiso ebhodini ledemo le-DC2618 ngokusebenzisa lesi sixhumanisi. Ukuze ubonise ukunemba kwe-LTC2986-1, umsebenzisi angase axhume izindinganiso zangaphandle zokumelana nalesi sixhumanisi.
IZINGXENYE ZOKUFUNDA
| ITEM | QTY | IREferensi | INGXENYE INCAZELO | UMENZI/INGXENYE INOMBOLO |
| 1 | 21 | C1 KUYA C11 | I-CAP., NP0, 100pF 100V, 5%, 0603 | I-MURATA, GRM1885C2A101JA01D |
| 2 | 7 | C22, C24, C25, C30, C31, C33, C34 | I-CAP., X7R, 10µF 10V, 10%, 0805 | I-MURATA, GRM21BR71A106KE51L |
| 3 | 7 | C23, C26, C27, C28, C29, C32, C35 | I-CAP., X7R, 0.1µF 25V, 10%, 0603 | I-MURATA, GRM188R71E104KA01D |
| 4 | 4 | E1, E2, E3, E4 | I-TURRET, TESTPOINT 0.064″ | MILL-MAX, 2308-2-00-80-00-00-07-0 |
| 5 | 1 | J1 | CONN., 40P, CON-HIROSE-FX2-40P-1.27DS | I-HIROSE, FX2-40P-1.27DS |
| 6 | 1 | J2 | CONN., HEADER 14POS 2mm VERT GOLD | UMOLEX, 87831-1420 |
| 7 | 1 | R1 | I-RES., CHIP, 1Ω, 1/10W, 5% 0603 | I-VISHAY, CRCW06031R00FJEA |
| 8 | 1 | R2 | I-RES., CHIP, 100k, 1/10W, 1% 0603 | I-VISHAY, CRCW0603100KFKEA |
| 9 | 3 | R3, R4, R5 | I-RES., CHIP, 4.99k, 1/10W, 1% 0603 | I-VISHAY, CRCW06034K99FKEA |
| 10 | 1 | U1 | I.C., LTC2986CLX-1, LQFP48LX-7X7 | I-LINEAR TECH., LTC2986CLX-1 |
| 11 | 1 | U2 | I-IC, 24LC025-I/ST, TSSOP8 | I-MICROCHIP, 24LC025-I/ST |
| 12 | 2 | MH1, MH2 | STANDOFF, Inayiloni, 0.25″, 1/4″ | I-KEYSTONE, 8831 (IYAQHUBEKA) |
| 1 | 1 | C1 | I-CAP., X7R, 0.1μF 25V, 10%, 0603 | I-MURATA, GRM188R71E104KA01D |
| 2 | 1 | J1 | CONN., 40P, CON-HIROSE-FX2-40S-DAUGHTER | I-HIROSE, FX2-40S-1.27DS(71) |
| 3 | 2 | j2, uj3 | CONN., TERM BLOCK 2.54mm 12POS | PHOENIX, 1725753 |
| 4 | 0 | R1, R2 | RES., 0603 | OPT |
| 5 | 1 | R3 | I-RES., CHIP, 4.99k, 1/10W, 1% 0603 | I-PANASONIC, ERJ-3EKF4991V |
| 6 | 1 | U1 | I-IC, EEPROM 2KBIT 400kHz 8TSSOP | I-MICROCHIP, 24LC025-I/ST |
| 7 | 4 | I-MH1-MH4 | STANDOFF, Inayiloni, 0.25″, 1/4″ | I-KEYSTONE, 8831 (IYAQHUBEKA) |
UHLELO LWESICWANGCISO
ISAZISO ESIBALULEKILE IBHODI LOKUBONISA
I-Linear Technology Corporation (LTC) inikeza umkhiqizo(imikhiqizo) ovalekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezilandelayo NJENGOBA INGABE: Le kit yebhodi lokubonisa (DEMO BOARD) idayiswa noma ihlinzekwe yi-Linear Technology ihloselwe ukusetshenziselwa UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOBUNJININELA NOMA IZINHLOSO ZOKUHLOLA KUPHELA futhi ayinikeziwe. nge-LTC ukuze kusetshenziselwe ukuhweba. Kanjalo, IBHHODI LE-DEMO lapha lingase lingapheleli ngokuya ngedizayini edingekayo-, ukumaketha-, kanye/noma ukucatshangelwa kokuvikela okuhlobene nokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje ngezinyathelo zokuphepha komkhiqizo ngokuvamile ezitholakala ezimpahleni zokuthengisa eziphelile. Njengesibonelo, lo mkhiqizo awuweli ngaphansi komyalelo we-European Union mayelana nokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic ngakho-ke ungase uhlangabezane nezimfuneko zobuchwepheshe zomyalelo, noma ezinye iziqondiso.
Uma le khithi yokuhlola ingahlangabezani nezicaciso ezishiwo kumanuwali WE-DEMO BOARD ikhithi ingase ibuyiswe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30 kusukela ngedethi yokulethwa ukuze uthole imbuyiselo ephelele. ISIQINISEKISO ESIPHAMBILI ESIYISIQINISEKISO ESIPHELELE EYENZIWA UMdayisi KUBATHENGI FUTHI SISE KHUDLENI LAZO ZONKE IZIQINISEKISO, EZISHIYELWE, EZISHIWO, EZISHIWO, NOMA EZISEMTHETHWENI, KUHLANGANISA NESIPHI ISIQINISEKISO SOKUTHENGISWA NOMA UKULUNGELA KWANOMA YILUPHI IQHAZA. NGAPHANDLE NGEQINISO LALESI SIBUYEKEZO, AYIKHO INHLANGANO EZINGABOPHEZELA OKUNYE NGANOMA YIMUPHI UMONAKALO OYI-NGCONO, OKHETHEKILE, OWEZENZAKALO, NOMA OBAKHONA OKULANDELAYO.
Umsebenzisi uthatha wonke umthwalo nesibopho sokuphatha impahla ngendlela efanele nephephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzisi ukhulula i-LTC kuzo zonke izimangalo ezivela ekuphathweni noma ekusetshenzisweni kwezimpahla. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa okuvulekile komkhiqizo, kuyisibopho somsebenzisi ukuthatha noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezifanele mayelana nokukhishwa kwe-electrostatic. Futhi qaphela ukuthi imikhiqizo elapha ingase ingathobeli imithetho noma iqinisekiswe yi-ejensi (i-FCC, UL, CE, njll.). Ayikho Ilayisensi enikezwa ngaphansi kwanoma yiliphi ilungelo lobunikazi noma enye impahla yengqondo. I-LTC ayithathi cala ngosizo lohlelo lokusebenza, idizayini yomkhiqizo wekhasimende, ukusebenza kwesofthiwe, noma ukwephulwa kwamalungelo obunikazi nanoma imaphi amanye amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani anoma yiluphi uhlobo.
I-LTC okwamanje ihlinzeka ngamakhasimende ahlukahlukene emikhiqizweni emhlabeni jikelele, ngakho-ke lokhu kuthenga akukhethekile. Sicela ufunde imanuwali ye-DEMO BOARD ngaphambi kokuphatha umkhiqizo. Abantu abaphethe lo mkhiqizo kumele babe nokuqeqeshwa kwe-elekthronikhi futhi bagcine izindinganiso ezinhle zokuzijwayeza zaselabhorethri. Ukuhluzeka kwengqondo kuyakhuthazwa. Lesi saziso siqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile lokuphepha mayelana nezinga lokushisa kanye nevolumutages. Ukuze uthole okunye ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha, sicela uxhumane nonjiniyela wohlelo lwe-LTC.
Ikheli leposi:
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Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza
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LINEAR TECHNOLOGY DC2618 Digital Temperature Measurement System [pdf] Incwadi Yeziqondiso I-DC2618, DC2210, DC2618 Isistimu Yokulinganisa Izinga lokushisa Ledijithali, Isistimu Yokulinganisa Izinga lokushisa Ledijithali, Isistimu Yokulinganisa Izinga lokushisa, Isistimu Yokulinganisa |
