Intel MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface User Manual

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1 I-MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

2 Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza

2.1 Izithenjwa

3 Okuthunyelwe Okuhlobene

I-MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

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Izicaciso ze-Avalon® Interface
Ibuyekezelwe i-Intel® Quartus® Prime Design Suite: 20.1

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I-MNL-AVABUSREF

I-ID: 683091 Inguqulo: 2022.01.24

Okuqukethwe

Okuqukethwe
1. Isingeniso Sezicaciso Ze-Avalon® Interface…………………………………………………… 4 1.1. Izakhiwo namapharamitha e-Avalon…………………………………………………………………… 5 1.2. Izindima Zesiginali…………………………………………………………………………………………….5 1.3. Isikhathi sokusebenzisana ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 1.4. Example: I-Avalon Interfaces Kumiklamo Yesistimu……………………………………………………. 5
2. Iwashi le-Avalon kanye Nokusetha Kabusha Izixhumi-buso…………………………………………………………………………. 8 2.1. Izindima Zesiginali Yewashi Le-Avalon ……………………………………………………………………….. 8 2.2. Izakhiwo zikaSinki wewashi……………………………………………………………………………………… I-Associated Clock Interfaces ……………………………………………………………………………… Izindima Zesiginali Yomthombo Wewashi Le-Avalon…………………………………………………………………..9 2.3. Izakhiwo Zomthombo Wewashi…………………………………………………………………………………… 9 2.4. Setha kabusha usinki…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 2.5. Setha Kabusha Izakhiwo Ze-Sink Interface………………………………………………………………………… 9 2.6. Ama-Associated Reset Interfaces ……………………………………………………………………………10 2.7. Setha kabusha Umthombo……………………………………………………………………………………….10 2.8. Setha Kabusha Izakhiwo Zesixhumi Esibonakalayo Somthombo……………………………………………………………….10
3. I-Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces…………………………………………………………………….12 3.1. Isethulo se-Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces……………………………………………… 12 3.2. I-Avalon Memory Memory Mapped Signal Roles……………………………………………………14 3.3. I-Interface Properties………………………………………………………………………………….17 3.4. Isikhathi…………………………………………………………………………………………………….20 3.5. Ukudluliselwa …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 3.5.1. Ukudluliselwa Okujwayelekile Kokufunda Nokubhala…………………………………………………………. 21 3.5.2. Ukudlulisa Ngokusebenzisa I-waitrequestAllowance Property…………………………………… 23 3.5.3. Funda futhi Ubhale Okudluliswayo Ngezifunda Ezigxilile zokulinda ………………………………….. 26 3.5.4. Ukudluliselwa Okufakwe Amapayipi ………………………………………………………………………….. 27 3.5.5. I-Burst Transfer……………………………………………………………………………… 30 3.5.6. Funda futhi Ubhale Izimpendulo………………………………………………………………………… 34 3.6. Ukuqondanisa Ikheli………………………………………………………………………………….. 36 3.7. Ikheli lomenzeli we-Avalon-MM…………………………………………………………………………36
4. I-Avalon Interface Interfaces………………………………………………………………………………… 38 4.1. Phakamisa umthumeli……………………………………………………………………………………..38 4.1.1. I-Avalon Phakamisa Izindima Zesiginali Yomthumeli………………………………………………….38 4.1.2. Phakamisa Izakhiwo Zomthumeli…………………………………………………………….. 38 4.2. Phakamisa umamukeli…………………………………………………………………………………………39 4.2.1. Izindima Zesiginali Yesamukeli Sokuphazamisa i-Avalon……………………………………………….. 39 4.2.2. Phakamisa Izakhiwo Zomamukeli…………………………………………………………………… 39 4.2.3. Ukuphazamisa Isikhathi…………………………………………………………………………….. 39
5. I-Avalon Streaming Interfaces…………………………………………………………………………………. 40 5.1. Imigomo Nemiqondo…………………………………………………………………………………… 41 5.2. Izindima Zesiginali Yesixhumanisi Sokusakaza Se-Avalon………………………………………………………….. 42 5.3. Ukulandelana Kwesiginali kanye Nesikhathi …………………………………………………………………………… 43 5.3.1. I-synchronous Interface……………………………………………………………………43 5.3.2. Iwashi Lisebenza…………………………………………………………………………………… 43

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Okuqukethwe
5.4. Izakhiwo ze-Avalon-ST Interface……………………………………………………………………….43 5.5. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Okujwayelekile ………………………………………………………………………………44 5.6. Imininingwane Yesiginali…………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 5.7. Isakhiwo Sedatha ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45 5.8. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Ngaphandle Kwengcindezi Emuva…………………………………………………………….. 46 5.9. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Nge-Backpressure……………………………………………………………………. 46
5.9.1. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Ukusebenzisa i-readyLatency and readyAllowance………………………….. 47 5.9.2. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Ukusebenzisa i-readyLatency………………………………………………………. 49 5.10. Iphakethe Lokudluliswa Kwedatha……………………………………………………………………………….. 50 5.11. Imininingwane Yesiginali …………………………………………………………………………………………… 51 5.12. Imininingwane Yephrothokholi …………………………………………………………………………………….52
6. I-Avalon Streaming Credit Interfaces…………………………………………………………………………… 53 6.1. Imigomo Nemiqondo……………………………………………………………………………………… 53 6.2. I-Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Izindima Zesiginali………………………………………………….. 54 6.2.1. I-synchronous Interface………………………………………………………………………55 6.2.2. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Okujwayelekile…………………………………………………………………….56 6.2.3. Ukubuyisela Amakhredithi ………………………………………………………………………. 57 6.3. I-Avalon Streaming Credit User Signals………………………………………………………………… 58 6.3.1. Isiginali Yomsebenzisi Ngophawu ngalunye……………………………………………………………………. 58 6.3.2. I-Per-Packet User Signal………………………………………………………………………59
7. I-Avalon Conduit Interfaces…………………………………………………………………………………… Izindima Zesiginali ye-Avalon Conduit……………………………………………………………………………. 60 7.1. Izakhiwo ze-Conduit ………………………………………………………………………………………. 61
8. I-Avalon Tristate Conduit Interface…………………………………………………………………………… 62 8.1. Izindima Zesiginali ye-Avalon Tristate Conduit……………………………………………………………….. 64 8.2. Izakhiwo ze-Tristate Conduit………………………………………………………………………………… 65 8.3. Isikhathi se-Tristate Conduit ……………………………………………………………………………….65
A. Amasignali Ahoxisiwe……………………………………………………………………………………………. 67
B. Umlando Wokubukezwa Kwedokhumenti Wezicaciso Ze-Avalon Interface……………………………… 68

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1. Isingeniso Sezicaciso ze-Avalon® Interface

Ukuxhumana kwe-Avalon® kwenza ukwakheka kwesistimu kube lula ngokukuvumela ukuthi uxhume kalula izingxenye ku-Intel® FPGA. Umndeni wesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon uchaza izindawo zokusebenzelana ezifanele ukusakaza idatha enesivinini esikhulu, amarejista okufunda nokubhala nenkumbulo, nokulawula amadivayisi angaphandle kwe-chip. Izingxenye ezitholakala Kumklami Wenkundla zifaka lezi zindawo zokusebenzelana ezijwayelekile. Ukwengeza, ungahlanganisa i-Avalon interface ezingxenyeni zangokwezifiso, uthuthukise ukusebenzisana kwemiklamo.
Lesi sici sichaza zonke izixhumanisi ze-Avalon. Ngemuva kokufunda lesi sihloko, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezifanele izingxenye zakho nokuthi yiziphi izindima okufanele zisetshenziswe ekuziphatheni okuthile. Lokhu kucaciswa kuchaza izixhumanisi ezilandelayo eziyisikhombisa:
· I-Avalon Streaming Interface (i-Avalon-ST)–i-interface esekela ukugeleza kwendawo yonke kwedatha, okuhlanganisa ukusakazwa okuphindaphindiwe, amaphakethe, nedatha ye-DSP.
· I-Avalon Memory Mapped Interface (i-Avalon-MM)–isixhumanisi esisekelwe ekhelini sokufunda/sokubhala esivamile soxhumano Lomenzeli Wokusingatha.
· I-Avalon Conduit Interface– uhlobo lwesixhumi esibonakalayo esivumela amasignali angawodwana noma amaqembu amasignali angangeni kunoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo ze-Avalon. Ungakwazi ukuxhuma izixhumanisi zepayipi ngaphakathi kwesistimu Yokuklama Inkundla. Okunye, ungawathekelisa ukuze uxhumeke kwamanye amamojula ekwakhiweni noma kumaphini we-FPGA.
· I-Avalon Tri-State Conduit Interface (i-Avalon-TC) -i-interface yokusekela ukuxhumeka kuma-peripherals angekho ku-chip. Ama-peripherals amaningi angabelana ngezikhonkwane ngokuphindaphinda isignali, ukunciphisa isibalo sephinikhodi ye-FPGA kanye nenani lokulandela umkhondo ku-PCB.
· I-Avalon Interrupt Interface–i-interface evumela izingxenye ukuthi zibonise imicimbi kwezinye izingxenye.
· I-Avalon Clock Interface–i-interface eshayela noma eyamukela amawashi.
· I-Avalon Setha Kabusha Isixhumi esibonakalayo–isixhumanisi esihlinzeka ngoxhumano lokusetha kabusha.
Ingxenye eyodwa ingafaka noma iyiphi inombolo yalezi zixhumi ezibonakalayo futhi ingaphinda ihlanganise izimo eziningi zohlobo lwesixhumi esibonakalayo esifanayo.

Qaphela:

I-Avalon interfaces iyindinganiso evulekile. Ayikho ilayisensi noma ubukhosi obudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kudayiswe imikhiqizo esebenzisa noma esekelwe ku-Avalon interface.

Ulwazi Oluhlobene
· Isethulo ku-Intel FPGA IP Cores Inikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nawo wonke ama-Intel FPGA IP cores, okuhlanganisa ukwenza ipharamitha, ukukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa, kanye nokulingisa ama-IP cores.
· Ukukhiqiza Iskripthi Sokusetha Isifanisi Esihlanganisiwe Dala izikripthi zokulingisa ezingadingi ukubuyekezwa mathupha kwesofthiwe noma ukuthuthukiswa kwenguqulo ye-IP.

Inkampani ye-Intel Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe. I-Intel, ilogo ye-Intel, nezinye izimpawu ze-Intel yizimpawu zokuthengisa ze-Intel Corporation noma izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo. I-Intel iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-FPGA yayo kanye nemikhiqizo yesemiconductor ekucacisweni kwamanje ngokuvumelana newaranti evamile ye-Intel, kodwa igodla ilungelo lokwenza izinguquko kunoma imiphi imikhiqizo namasevisi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kwesaziso. I-Intel ayithathi mthwalo noma isikweletu esivele ngenxa yesicelo noma ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi, umkhiqizo, noma isevisi echazwe lapha ngaphandle kwalapho okuvunyelwene ngakho ngokubhaliwe yi-Intel. Amakhasimende e-Intel ayelulekwa ukuthi athole inguqulo yakamuva yokucaciswa kwedivayisi ngaphambi kokuthembela kunoma yiluphi ulwazi olushicilelwe nangaphambi kokufaka ama-oda emikhiqizo noma amasevisi. *Amanye amagama namabhrendi angafunwa njengempahla yabanye.

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1. Isingeniso se-Avalon® Interface Specifications 683091 | 2022.01.24
· Ukuphathwa Kwephrojekthi Imihlahlandlela Yemikhuba Engcono Kakhulu yokuphatha kahle nokuphatheka kwephrojekthi yakho ne-IP files.
1.1. Izakhiwo ze-Avalon namapharamitha
I-Avalon interface ichaza ukuziphatha kwabo ngezakhiwo. Incazelo yohlobo ngalunye lwesixhumi esibonakalayo ichaza zonke izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo namanani azenzakalelayo. Okwesiboneloampfuthi, indawo ye-maxChannel ye-Avalon-ST interface ikuvumela ukuthi ucacise inani lamashaneli asekelwa isixhumi esibonakalayo. Isici sewashiRate yesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Clock sinikeza imvamisa yesiginali yewashi.
1.2. Izindima Zesiginali
I-interface ngayinye ye-Avalon ichaza izindima zesignali nokuziphatha kwazo. Izindima eziningi zesignali ziyakhethwa. Unekhono lokukhetha kuphela izindima zesignali ezidingekayo ukuze usebenzise umsebenzi odingekayo. Okwesiboneloample, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-MM sifaka phakathi izindima zesignali yokuzikhethela ye-startburstburstcount ne-burstcount yezingxenye ezisekela ukuqhuma. I-interface ye-Avalon-ST ifaka phakathi i-startofpacket yokuzikhethela kanye nezindima zesignali ye-endofpacket yezindawo ezisekela amaphakethe.
Ngaphandle kokuxhumana kwe-Avalon Conduit, isixhumi esibonakalayo ngasinye singafaka isignali eyodwa kuphela yendima yesiginali ngayinye. Izindima eziningi zesignali zivumela amasignali asebenzayo-aphansi. Amasignali asebenzayo aphakeme ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kulo mbhalo.
1.3. Interface Isikhathi
Izahluko ezilandelayo zale dokhumenti zihlanganisa ulwazi lwesikhathi oluchaza ukudluliselwa kwezinhlobo zokusebenzelana ngakunye. Akukho ukusebenza okuqinisekisiwe kwanoma iyiphi yalezi zixhumanisi. Ukusebenza kwangempela kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwengxenye kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesistimu.
Izixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-Avalon akumele zizwele kumasiginali ngaphandle kwewashi futhi zisethwe kabusha. Amanye amasiginali angashintsha izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokuthi azinze. Isikhathi esiqondile samasignali phakathi kwamaphethelo wewashi siyahlukahluka kuye ngezici ze-Intel FPGA ekhethiwe. Lokhu kucaciswa akucacisi izici zikagesi. Bheka imibhalo yedivayisi efanele ukuze uthole imininingwane kagesi.
1.4. Eksample: I-Avalon Interfaces ku-System Designs
Kulesi example Isilawuli se-Ethernet sihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisithupha zokusebenzelana ezihlukene: · I-Avalon-MM · I-Avalon-ST · I-Avalon Conduit · I-Avalon-TC · Ukuphazamisa kwe-Avalon · Iwashi le-Avalon.
Iphrosesa ye-Nios® II ifinyelela ekulawuleni nasekubhaliseni isimo sezingxenye ze-chip ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-MM. I-scatter iqoqa ama-DMA athumela futhi amukele idatha ngokusebenzisa i-Avalon-ST interface. Izingxenye ezine zihlanganisa ukuphazamiseka

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Umfanekiso 1.

izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziswa isofthiwe esebenza kuphrosesa ye-Nios II. I-PLL yamukela iwashi ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Clock Sink futhi inikeza imithombo yewashi emibili. Izingxenye ezimbili zifaka izixhumanisi ze-Avalon-TC zokufinyelela izinkumbulo ezingaphandle kwe-chip. Ekugcineni, isilawuli se-DDR3 sifinyelela inkumbulo ye-DDR3 yangaphandle ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Conduit.

I-Avalon Interfaces Kumklamo Wesistimu ene-Scatter Gather DMA Controller kanye ne-Nios II Processor

Ibhodi Lesifunda Eliphrintiwe

I-SSRAM Flash

I-DDR3

I-Intel FPGA
I-M Avalon-MM Host Cn Avalon Conduit S Avalon-MM AgentTCM I-Avalon-TC Host Src Avalon-ST Umthombo we-TCS Avalon-TC Umenzeli Snk Avalon-ST Sink CSrc Avalon Clock Umthombo
I-CSnk Avalon Clock Sink

Cn Tristate Conduit
Ibhuloho i-TCS
I-TCM Tristate Conduit
Phina Sharer TCS TCS

IRQ4 IRQ3 Nios II

I-IRQ1 C1

UART S

I-IRQ2 Isikhathi

I-TCM

I-Tristate Cntrl SSRAM

I-Tristate Cntrl Flash

Cn DDR3 Isilawuli
S

I-Avalon-MM

Umsele

Cn Src Avalon-ST

Isilawuli se-Ethernet
Snk

I-FIFO Buffer Avalon-ST

I-Avalon-ST

I-FIFO Buffer

I-SM Scatter GatheIrRQ4
I-DMA Snk

I-S C2

I-Avalon-ST

Src

I-M IRQ3

I-Scatter Hlanganisa i-DMA

I-CSrc

I-CSnkPLL C1

Ref Clk

I-CSrc

Emfanekisweni olandelayo, iphrosesa yangaphandle ifinyelela ekulawuleni nasekubhaliseni isimo sezingxenye ze-chip ngebhuloho lebhasi langaphandle eline-interface ye-Avalon-MM. I-PCI Express Root Port ilawula amadivayisi ebhodini lesekethe eliphrintiwe nezinye izingxenye ze-FPGA ngokushayela i-on-chip PCI Express Endpoint ene-interface yomsingathi we-AvalonMM. Iphrosesa yangaphandle izibambi iziphazamiso ezivela ezingxenyeni ezinhlanu. I-PLL yamukela iwashi eliyireferensi ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Clock futhi inikeza amawashi amabili

Izicaciso ze-Avalon® Interface 6

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Umfanekiso 2.

imithombo. Izinkumbulo ze-flash ne-SRAM zabelana ngezikhonkwane ze-FPGA ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-TC. Ekugcineni, isilawuli se-SDRAM sifinyelela inkumbulo yangaphandle ye-SDRAM ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Conduit.
I-Avalon Interfaces Kumklamo Wesistimu ene-PCI Express Endpoint kanye neProsesa yangaphandle

Ibhodi Lesifunda Eliphrintiwe

I-PCI Express Root Port

I-CPU yangaphandle

I-Intel FPGA
I-IRQ1
I-Ethernet MAC

I-IRQ2 Custom Logic
M
I-Avalon-MM

I-PCI Express Endpoint

IRQ3 IRQ5 IRQ4 IRQ3
I-IRQ2 IRQ1

Ibhuloho Lenqubo Yebhasi Yangaphandle
M

I-Tristate Cntrl SSRAM TCS

I-Tristate Cntrl Flash TCS

Isilawuli se-SDRAM

I-IRQ4

I-IRQ5

UART C2

Umqondo Wangokwezifiso C2

I-TCM TCM Tristate Conduit
Phina Sharer TCS
I-TCM Tristate Conduit
Ibhuloho Cn

Ref Clk

I-CSrc CSnk PLL C1
I-CSrc C2

I-SSRAM

I-Flash

Cn SDRAM

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2. Iwashi le-Avalon futhi Setha Kabusha Izixhumi-buso

Umfanekiso 3.

I-Avalon Clock interface ichaza iwashi noma amawashi asetshenziswa ingxenye. Izingxenye zingaba nokokufaka kwewashi, okuphumayo kwewashi, noma kokubili. Iluphu yesigaba esikhiyiwe (PLL) iyi-example yengxenye enakho kokubili okokufaka kwewashi nokuphumayo kwewashi.

Isibalo esilandelayo siwumfanekiso owenziwe lula obonisa okokufaka okubaluleke kakhulu kanye nokuphumayo kwengxenye ye-PLL.

Okukhiphayo kanye nokokufaka kwewashi le-PLL Core

I-PLL Core

altpll Intel FPGA IP

setha kabusha

Setha kabusha

Iwashi

Usinki

Umthombo

I-Clock Output Interface1

Umthombo wewashi

I-Clock Output Interface2

ref_clk

Iwashi

Usinki

Umthombo

I-Clock Output Interface_n

2.1. I-Avalon Clock Sink Signal Izindima

Isinki sewashi sinikeza ireferensi yesikhathi kwezinye izixhumanisi nengqondo yangaphakathi.

Ithebula 1.

Izindima Zesiginali Yokucwila Kwewashi

Indima Yesiginali clk

Ububanzi 1

Okokufaka kokuqondisa

Kudingeka Yebo

Incazelo
Isignali yewashi. Ihlinzeka ngokuvumelanisa kokunengqondo kwangaphakathi nokunye ukuxhumana.

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2.2. Iwashi Sink Properties

Ithebula 2.

Iwashi Sink Properties

Qamba iwashiIsilinganiso

Inani elizenzakalelayo 0

Amanani Asemthethweni 0

Incazelo
Ibonisa imvamisa ku-Hz yesixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki wewashi. Uma u-0, izinga lewashi livumela noma iyiphi imvamisa. Uma kungewona uziro, Umklami Wenkundla ukhipha isexwayiso uma umthombo wewashi oxhunyiwe ungewona ubuningi obushiwo.

2.3. Associated Clock Interfaces
Zonke izixhumanisi zokusebenzelana ezivumelanisiwe zinesici seClock esihlotshaniswayo esicacisa ukuthi yimuphi umthombo wewashi engxenyeni osetshenziswa njengereferensi yokuvumelanisa yesixhumi esibonakalayo. Lesi sakhiwo sikhonjiswe esithombeni esilandelayo.
Umfanekiso 4. Impahla Yewashi elihlobene

rx_clk Iwashi
Usinki

Iwashi elikabili FIFO

Iwashi tx_clk
Usinki

rx_data ST associatedClock = “rx_clk”
Usinki

associatedClock = “tx_clk” ST tx_data
Umthombo

2.4. Izindima Zesiginali ye-Avalon Clock

Isixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo we-Avalon Clock sikhipha isignali yewashi engxenyeni.

Ithebula 3.

Izindima Zesiginali Yewashi

Indima Yesiginali

Ububanzi

Isiqondiso

clk

Okukhiphayo

Kudingeka Yebo

Incazelo Isignali yewashi eliphumayo.

2.5. Iwashi Umthombo Properties

Ithebula 4.

Iwashi Umthombo Properties

Igama elihlobene neDirectClock

Inani elizenzakalelayo
N/A

IwashiIsilinganiso

iwashiRateKnown

amanga

Izimiso Zomthetho

Incazelo

okokufaka Igama lokokufaka kwewashi elishayela ngokuqondile leli gama lewashi eliphumayo, uma likhona.

Ibonisa imvamisa ku-Hz lapho okukhiphayo kwewashi kushaya khona.

iqiniso, amanga

Ibonisa ukuthi ubuningi bewashi yaziwa noma cha. Uma ubuningi bewashi baziwa, ungenza ngokwezifiso ezinye izingxenye ohlelweni.

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2.6. Setha kabusha Usinki

Ithebula 5.

Setha kabusha Izindima Zesiginali Yokufaka
Isiginali ye-reset_req iyisiginali ozikhethela yona ongayisebenzisela ukuvimbela ukonakala kokuqukethwe kwememori ngokwenza kabusha ukuxhawula ngaphambi kokugomela kokusetha kabusha okungavumelaniyo.

Indima Yesiginali

Ububanzi

Isiqondiso

Kudingeka

Incazelo

setha kabusha, setha kabusha_n

Okokufaka

Yebo

Isetha kabusha ingqondo yangaphakathi yesixhumi esibonakalayo noma ingxenye

kusimo esichazwe ngumsebenzisi. Izici zokuvumelanisa ze

ukusetha kabusha kuchazwa yi-synchronousEdges

ipharamitha.

reset_req

okokufaka

Cha

Inkomba yangaphambi kwesikhathi yesiginali yokusetha kabusha. Lesi siginali sisebenza njenge-a

okungenani isexwayiso somjikelezo owodwa wokusethwa kabusha okulindile kwe-ROM

abokuqala. Sebenzisa reset_req ukuze ukhubaze iwashi linike amandla

noma imaski ikheli lebhasi lememori ye-on-chip, ukuze

vimbela ikheli ukuthi lishintshe uma i

okokufaka kokusetha kabusha okungavumelanisiyo kuyagonyelwa.

2.7. Setha kabusha izici zeSink Interface

Ithebula 6.

Setha kabusha Izindima Zesiginali Yokufaka

Igama elihlobeneIwashi

Inani elizenzakalelayo
N/A

i-synchronous-Edges

DEASERT

Izimiso Zomthetho

Incazelo

igama lewashi

Igama lewashi lapho lesi sixhumi esibonakalayo sivunyelaniswa khona. Kudingeka uma inani le-synchronousEdges lithi DEASERT noma OKUBILI.

AKUKHO IDEASERT
KOKUBILI

Ikhombisa uhlobo lokuvumelanisa okokufaka okudingayo kokusetha kabusha. Amanani alandelayo achaziwe:
· Ukuvumelanisa kwe-NONEno kuyadingeka ngoba ingxenye ihlanganisa ingqondo yokuvumelanisa kwangaphakathi kwesiginali yokusetha kabusha.
· DEASSERTukugomela kokusetha kabusha kuyavumelana futhi ukusho kuyavumelana.
KOKUBILI ukugomela kokusetha kabusha kanye ne-deassertion kuyavumelana.

2.8. Izixhumanisi Zokusetha Kabusha Ezihlobene
Zonke izixhumanisi zokusebenzelana ezivumelanisiwe zinento ehlotshaniswayo Yokusetha kabusha ecacisa ukuthi iyiphi isignali yokusetha kabusha ingqondo yokusebenzelana.

2.9. Setha kabusha umthombo

Ithebula 7.

Setha kabusha Izindima Zesiginali Yokuphumayo
Isiginali ye-reset_req iyisiginali ozikhethela yona ongayisebenzisela ukuvimbela ukonakala kokuqukethwe kwememori ngokwenza kabusha ukuxhawula ngaphambi kokugomela kokusetha kabusha okungavumelaniyo.

Indima Yesiginali

Ububanzi

Isiqondiso

Kudingeka

Incazelo

setha kabusha_n

Okukhiphayo

Yebo

Isetha kabusha ingqondo yangaphakathi yesixhumi esibonakalayo noma ingxenye

kusimo esichazwe ngumsebenzisi.

reset_req

Okukhiphayo

Ongakukhetha Kunika amandla ukwakhiwa kwesicelo sokusetha kabusha, okungaphambi kwesikhathi

isignali egonyelwayo ngaphambi kokusetha kabusha ukugomela. Kanye

kugomele, lokhu akukwazi ukukhishwa kuze kube ukusetha kabusha sekwenziwe

kuqediwe.

Izicaciso ze-Avalon® Interface 10

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2.10. Setha kabusha izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo

Ithebula 8.

Setha kabusha izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo

Igama

Inani elizenzakalelayo

Izimiso Zomthetho

Incazelo

Iwashi elihlobene

N/A

iwashi

Igama lewashi okuxhunywe kulo

igama

kuvumelanisiwe. Kudingeka uma inani le

I-synchronousEdges ithi DEASERT noma KOKUBILI.

ezihlobeneDirectReset

N/A

ukusetha kabusha

Igama lokokufaka kokusetha kabusha okushayela lokhu ngokuqondile

igama

setha kabusha umthombo ngesixhumanisi sokukodwa-kuya-kokukodwa.

okuhlobeneSetha kabushaIzinki

N/A

ukusetha kabusha

Icacisa okokufaka okusethwe kabusha okwenza umthombo wokusetha kabusha ube kuwo

igama

gomela kabusha. Okwesiboneloample, ukuvumelanisa kabusha lokho

yenza umsebenzi NOMA ngokufaka okuningi kokusetha kabusha ukuze

khiqiza okukhiphayo kokusetha kabusha.

ama-synchronousEdges

DEASERT

AKUKHO IDEASERT
KOKUBILI

Ibonisa ukuvumelanisa kokuphumayo kokusetha kabusha. Amanani alandelayo achaziwe:
· NONEIsixhumi esibonakalayo sokusetha kabusha asivumelanisi.
· DEASSERTukugomela kokusetha kabusha kuyavumelana futhi ukusho kuyavumelana.
OKUMBILI ukugomela kokusetha kabusha kanye ne-deassertion kuyahambisana.

Thumela Impendulo

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683091 | 2022.01.24 Thumela Impendulo
3. I-Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces
3.1. Isingeniso se-Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces
Ungasebenzisa izixhumanisi ze-Avalon Memory-Mapped (Avalon-MM) ukuze usebenzise ukuxhumana okufundwayo nokubhala kwezingxenye Zomsingathi kanye Nomenzeli. Okulandelayo yi-exampizingxenye ezithile ngokuvamile ezihlanganisa ukuxhumana okumenjwe inkumbulo: · Ama-Microprocessors · Izinkumbulo · Ama-UART · Ama-DMA · Izibali Zesikhathi I-Avalon-MM interfaces isukela kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi. Okwesiboneloample, izixhumanisi ze-SRAM ezinokudluliswa komjikelezo ongaguquki wokufunda nokubhala zinokuxhumana okulula kwe-Avalon-MM. Ukuxhumana okunamapayipi okukwazi ukudlulisa ngokuqhuma kuyinkimbinkimbi.

I-ISO 9001:2015 Ibhalisiwe

3. I-Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces 683091 | 2022.01.24

Umfanekiso 5.

Gxila ku-Avalon-MM Agent Transfer
Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa isistimu evamile, egqamisa uxhumo lwe-ejenti ye-Avalon-MM kundwangu yokuxhumana.
I-Ethernet PHY

Valon-MM System
Iphrosesa ye-Avalon-MM
Umsingathi

I-Ethernet MAC
Umphathi we-Avalon-MM

I-Custom Logic
Umphathi we-Avalon-MM

Xhumanisa

Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM
Isilawuli se-Flash

Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM
Isilawuli se-SRAM

Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM
Isilawuli se-RAM

Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM
UART

I-AvAavloanlon- MM SlaAvgeePnotrt
Lor Custom
Okunengqondo

I-ejenti ye-Tristate Conduit
I-Tristate Conduit Pin Sharer & Tristate Conduit Bridge
I-Tristate Conduit Host

I-ejenti ye-Tristate Conduit
Inkumbulo ye-Flash

I-ejenti ye-Tristate Conduit
Inkumbulo ye-SRAM

Inkumbulo ye-RAM

RS-232

Izingxenye ze-Avalon-MM ngokuvamile zifaka kuphela amasiginali adingekayo kumqondo wengxenye.

Thumela Impendulo

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Umfanekiso 6.

Example Agent Component

I-16-bit general-purpose-purpose ye-I/O eboniswe esithombeni esilandelayo iphendula kuphela ekubhaleni izicelo. Le ngxenye ifaka kuphela amasiginali e-ejenti adingekayo ekudlulisweni kokubhala.

I-Avalon-MM Peripheral writedata[15..0] D

Isicelo-

pio_out[15..0] Ngokucacile
Isixhumi esibonakalayo

I-Avalon-MM Interface
(I-Avalon-MM bhala i-Agent Interface)
clk

CLK_EN

Isiginali ngayinye kumsebenzeli we-Avalon-MM ihambisana ncamashi nendima yesignali ye-Avalon-MM eyodwa. Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-MM singasebenzisa isibonelo esisodwa sendima ngayinye yesignali.

3.2. I-Avalon Memory Memod Interface Izindima Zesiginali

Izindima zesignali zichaza izinhlobo zesignali ezivunyelwa umsingathi odwetshwe inkumbulo ye-Avalon kanye nezimbobo zama-ejenti.

Lokhu kucaciswa akudingi ukuthi wonke amasiginali abe khona kusixhumi esibonakalayo esinemephu yememori ye-Avalon. Asikho isignali eyodwa edingekayo njalo. Izidingo ezincane zokusebenzelana kwemephu yenkumbulo ye-Avalon yidatha efundwayo yesixhumi esibonakalayo sokufunda kuphela, noma idatha yokubhala futhi ibhalele isixhumi esibonakalayo sokubhala kuphela.

Ithebula elilandelayo libala izindima zesignali zesixhumi esibonakalayo esinemephu yememori ye-Avalon:

Ithebula 9.

I-Avalon Memory Imephu Yezindima Zesiginali
Ezinye izimpawu zemephu yenkumbulo ye-Avalon zingasebenza phezulu noma zisebenze zibe phansi. Uma isebenza iphansi, igama lesignali ligcina ngo-_n.

Indima Yesiginali

Ububanzi

Isiqondiso

Kudingeka

Incazelo

ikheli

1 – 64 Umenzeli Wokusingatha

byteenable byteenable_n

2, 4, 8, 16,
32, 64, 128

Umenzeli wokusingatha

Izimpawu Eziyisisekelo

Cha

Ababungazi: Ngokuzenzakalelayo, isignali yekheli imelela ibhayithi

ikheli. Inani lekheli kufanele lihambisane nobubanzi bedatha.

Ukuze ubhalele amabhayithi athile ngaphakathi kwegama ledatha, umsingathi kufanele asebenzise

isignali ye-byteenable. Bheka isixhumi esibonakalayo sama-addressUnits

impahla yokukhuluma ngamagama.

Ama-ejenti: Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-interconnect ihumusha ikheli le-byte libe igama lekheli esikhaleni sekheli somenzeli. Ngokombono we-ejenti, ukufinyelela kwe-ejenti ngayinye okwegama ledatha.

Okwesiboneloample, ikheli = 0 ukhetha igama lokuqala le-ejenti. ikheli = 1 ukhetha igama lesibili le-ejenti. Bheka indawo yokusebenzelana yama-addressUnits ukuze uthole ikheli lebhayithi.

Cha

Inika amandla umzila we-byte owodwa noma eminingi ngesikhathi sokudlulisa

ukuxhumana kobubanzi obukhulu kunamabhithi angu-8. Ibhithi ngalinye nge-byteenable

ihambisana ne-byte kudatha yokubhala kanye nedatha efundwayo. Umethuleli

kancane of byteenable ikhombisa ukuthi ngabe i-byte ukuba

waqhubeka...

Izicaciso ze-Avalon® Interface 14

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Indima Yesiginali
debugaccess funda funda_n impendulo yedatha [1:0] bhala ukubhala_n ukubhala idatha

Ububanzi

Kudingeka isiqondiso

Incazelo

ibhalwe ku. Ngesikhathi sokubhala, i-byteenables icacisa ukuthi yimaphi amabhayithi abhalelwa kuwo. Amanye amabhayithi kufanele azitshwe umenzeli. Ngesikhathi sokufunda, okutholakalayo kubonisa ukuthi imaphi amabhayithi afundwayo umsingathi. Ama-ejenti avele abuyisele idatha efundiwe engenazo imiphumela emibi akhululekile ukungaziba okungaba khona ngesikhathi sokufunda. Uma isixhumi esibonakalayo singenayo isignali engenakufinyeleleka, ukudluliswa kuqhubeka njengokungathi konke okwenzekayo kuyagonyelwa.
Uma kugonyelwa isiginali engaphezu kweyodwa, yonke imizila egonyelwayo iseduze.

Umenzeli wokusingatha

Cha

Uma kugonyelwa, ivumela iphrosesa ye-Nios II ukuthi ibhale ku-chip

izinkumbulo ezilungiselelwe njengama-ROM.

Umenzeli wokusingatha

Cha

Kugonyelwe ukukhombisa ukudluliselwa kokufundiwe. Uma ikhona, i-readdata ikhona

okudingekayo.

8, 16, Umsingathi we-ejenti

Cha

I-readdata eshayelwa isuka kumenzeli iye kumsingathi njengempendulo kuyo

32,

ukudlulisa ukufunda. Kuyadingeka kuzixhumi ezibonakalayo ezisekela ukufundwa.

64,

128,

256,

512,

1024

Umsingathi we-ejenti

Cha

Isignali yokuphendula iyisiginali ozikhethela yona ethwala i

isimo sokuphendula.

Qaphela: Ngenxa yokuthi isignali yabiwe, isixhumi esibonakalayo asikwazi ukukhipha noma ukwamukela impendulo ebhaliwe kanye nempendulo efundiwe emjikelezweni wewashi ofanayo.

· 00: Kulungile–Impendulo eyimpumelelo ngomsebenzi.

· 01: RESERVED–Umbhalo wekhodi ugodliwe.

· 10: SLVERR–Iphutha elivela kumenzeli wephoyinti lokugcina. Ibonisa umsebenzi ongaphumelelanga.

· 11: DECODEERROR–Ibonisa ukuzama ukufinyelela endaweni engacacisiwe.

Ukuze ufunde izimpendulo:

· Impendulo eyodwa ithunyelwa nge-readdata ngayinye. Ubude obude obufundekile bemiphumela engu-N ezimpendulweni ezingu-N. Izimpendulo ezimbalwa azivumelekile, ngisho noma kwenzeka iphutha. Inani lesignali yempendulo lingase lihluke kudatha ngayinye efundwayo ekuqhumeni.

· I-interface kumele ibe nezimpawu zokulawula ezifundwayo. Ukusekelwa kwepayipi kuyenzeka ngesiginali evumelekile yokufunda.

· Emaphutha okufunda, idatha ehambisanayo ethi “anginandaba”.

Ukuze ubhale izimpendulo:

· Impendulo eyodwa yokubhala kufanele ithunyelwe kumyalo ngamunye wokubhala. Ukuqhuma kokubhala kubangela impendulo eyodwa kuphela, okufanele ithunyelwe ngemva kokudluliswa kokugcina kokubhala ekuqhumeni kwamukelwe.

· Uma i-writerresponsevalid ikhona, yonke imiyalo yokubhala kufanele igcwaliswe ngokubhala izimpendulo.

Umenzeli wokusingatha

Cha

Kugonyelwe ukukhombisa ukudluliswa kokubhala. Uma ikhona, i-writedata ikhona

okudingekayo.

8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024

Umenzeli wokusingatha

Cha

Idatha yokudluliswa kokubhala. Ububanzi kufanele bufane ne

ububanzi bedatha efundiwe uma kokubili kukhona. Iyadingeka kuzinkundla zokuxhumana

ukuthi ukwesekwa kubhala.

Izimpawu Zesifunda Sokulinda

waqhubeka...

Thumela Impendulo

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Ilokhi Yendima Yesiginali
waitrequest waitrequest_ n
readdatavali d readdatavali d_n
izimpendulo zababhali zivumelekile

Ububanzi 1
1
1 1

Kudingeka isiqondiso

Incazelo

Umenzeli wokusingatha

Cha

Ilokhi iqinisekisa ukuthi uma umsingathi esewine ukulamula, usokhaya owinile

igcina ukufinyelela kumenzeli wemisebenzi eminingi. Khiya

ugomela ngokuqondana nokufunda noma ukubhala kokuqala kokukhiywa

ukulandelana kwezentengiselwano. Khiya ama-dessert kowamanqamu

umsebenzi wokulandelana okukhiyiwe kokwenziwe. lock isiqiniseko

akuqinisekisi ukuthi ukulamula kunqotshiwe. Ngemva kokukhiya-

Ukugomela ukusingathwa kuvunyelwe, lowo msingathi ugcina isibonelelo kuze kube

lock is desserated.

Umsingathi ofakwe isikhiya akakwazi ukuba usokhaya oqhumayo. Amanani abalulekile e-arbitration wabasingathi abahlomeke ukukhiya awanakwa.

ukukhiya kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kwe-read-modify-write (RMW). Umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokufunda-guqula-bhala uhlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. I-Host A igomela ikhiya futhi ifunde idatha ye-32-bit enezinkambu zamabhithi amaningi.

2. Isikhungo Sokukhiya amadesi, sishintsha inkambu eyodwa, bese sibhala idatha ye-32-bit emuva.

ukukhiya kuvimbela usokhaya B ekwenzeni ukubhala phakathi kuka-Host A ukufunda nokubhala.

Umsingathi we-ejenti

Cha

Umenzeli ugomela isicelo sokulinda lapho engakwazi ukuphendula ku-a

funda noma ubhale isicelo. Iphoqa umsingathi ukuthi alinde kuze kufike usuku

uxhumano lulungele ukuqhubeka nokudlulisa. Ekuqaleni kwe-

konke ukudluliselwa, umsingathi uqala ukudlulisa futhi ulinda kuze kube

i-waitrequest ivaliwe. Umsingathi akumele acabangele

mayelana nesimo sokugomela sesicelo sokulinda lapho umsingathi engenzi lutho:

I-waitrequest ingaba phezulu noma iphansi, kuye ngesistimu

izakhiwo.

Uma i-waitrequest igonyelwa, amasiginali okulawula umsingathi kumenzeli kufanele ahlale engashintshi ngaphandle kwe-startbursttransfer. Ukuze uthole umdwebo wesikhathi obonisa isignali ye-startbursttransfer, bheka isibalo esiku-Read Bursts.

I-ejenti efakwe kumephu yenkumbulo ye-Avalon ingase igomele ngesicelo sokulinda phakathi nemijikelezo yokungenzi lutho. Umsingathi ofakwe kumephu yenkumbulo ye-Avalon angase aqalise umsebenzi lapho isicelo sokulinda sigonyelwa futhi alinde leyo siginali ukuthi ikhishwe. Ukuze ugweme ukukhiywa kwesistimu, idivayisi yomenzeli kufanele igomele isicelo sokulinda lapho isethwa kabusha.

Izimpawu zamapayipi

Umsingathi we-ejenti

Cha

Isetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa kokufunda okuguquguqukayo, okufakwe ngamapayipi. Nini

kugonyelwe, kukhombisa ukuthi isignali yokufunda idatha iqukethe idatha evumelekile.

Ukuze uthole ukufundwa okuqhume ngenani le-burstcount , i

isignali evumelekile yedatha kufanele kugonywe izikhathi, kanye

into ngayinye yokufunda. Okungenani kufanele kube nomjikelezo owodwa wokubambezeleka

phakathi kokwamukelwa kokufundiwe kanye nokugomela kwe

i-readdatavalid. Ukuze uthole umdwebo wesikhathi obonisa isignali evumelekile yokufunda, bheka Ukudluliselwa Kokufunda Okufakwe Amapayipi Okuguquguqukayo Ukubambezeleka.

I-ejenti ingase igomele ngokuthi i-readdatavalid ukudlulisa idatha kumsingathi ngaphandle kokuthi umenzeli uvala umyalo omusha nge-waitrequest.

Kuyadingeka uma umsingathi esekela ukufundwa okufakwe ngamapayipi. Abasingathi abaqhumayo ngokusebenza kokufunda kufanele bafake isiginali evumelekile yokufunda.

Umsingathi we-ejenti

Cha

Isiginali yokuzikhethela. Uma ikhona, izinkinga zesixhumi esibonakalayo ziyabhala

izimpendulo zemiyalo yokubhala.

Uma kugonyelwa, inani esignali yokuphendula liyimpendulo evumelekile yokubhala.

I-Writterresponsevalid igonyelwa kuphela umjikelezo wewashi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu ngemva kokuba umyalo wokubhala wamukelwe. Kukhona okungenani ukubambezeleka komjikelezo wewashi elilodwa ukusuka ekwamukelweni komyalo kuya ekugomeleni kwe

ababhali abaphendulile.

waqhubeka...

Izicaciso ze-Avalon® Interface 16

Thumela Impendulo

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Indima Yesiginali

Ububanzi

Kudingeka isiqondiso

Incazelo

Umyalo wokubhala uthathwa njengowamukelwe lapho isigqi sokugcina sokuqhuma sikhishelwa umenzeli futhi isicelo sokulinda siphansi. I-writerresponsevalid ingagonyelwa ngomjikelezo wewashi owodwa noma eminingi ngemva kokukhishwa kwesigqi sokugcina sokuqhuma.

ukuqhuma

1 11 Umenzeli Wokusingatha

Izimpawu Zokuqhuma

Cha

Isetshenziswa abasingathi abaqhumayo ukukhombisa inani lokudluliswa kokungenile

kuqhume ngakunye. Inani lepharamitha ye-burstcount ephezulu

kufanele kube amandla angu-2. Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-burstcount yobubanzi ingafaka ikhodi yokuqhuma okukhulu kukasayizi 2( -1). Okwesiboneloample, i-4-bit

isignali ye-burstcount ingasekela isibalo esikhulu sokuqhuma esingu-8.

Inani elincane lokuqhuma ngu-1. I

Impahla ye-constantBurstBehavior ilawula isikhathi se-

isignali ye-burstcount. Abasingathi abaqhumayo ngokusebenza kokufunda kufanele

faka isiginali evumelekile yokufunda.

Kubabungazi abaqhumayo nama-ejenti asebenzisa amakheli e-byte, umkhawulo olandelayo usebenza kububanzi bekheli:

>= +
log2( )
Ngosokhaya abaqhumayo nama-ejenti asebenzisa amakheli egama, igama elithi log2 ngenhla alifakiwe.

qala-bursttr

Xhumanisa

phendula

Umenzeli

Cha

Kugonyelwa umjikelezo wokuqala wokuqhuma ukuze ubonise lapho ukuqhuma

ukudlulisa kuyaqala. Lesi siginali siyakhishwa ngemva komjikelezo owodwa

kungakhathaliseki inani lesicelo sokulinda. Okomdwebo wesikhathi

ebonisa i-startbursttransfer, bheka umfanekiso otholakala ku-Funda

Ukuqhuma.

I-startbursttransfer iyakhethwa. I-ejenti ingahlala ibala ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ukuqala komsebenzi olandelayo wokubhala ngokugqama ngokubala ukudluliswa kwedatha.

Isexwayiso: ungasebenzisi lesi siginali. Le signali ikhona ukuze isekele izilawuli zememori yefa.

3.3. I-Interface Properties

Ithebula 10. Izakhiwo ze-Avalon-MM Interface

Igama lekheliAmayunithi

Inani elizenzakalelayo
I-ejenti yezimpawu zomsingathi -
amazwi

Izimiso Zomthetho
amagama, izimpawu

Incazelo
Icacisa iyunithi yamakheli. Uphawu ngokuvamile luyibhayithi. Bheka incazelo yekheli kuthebula Lezinhlobo Zesiginali Yenkumbulo Yenkumbulo Ye-Avalon ukuze usebenzise lesi sakhiwo.

njaloI-BurstMaxBurst burstcountUnits

amazwi amanga

iqiniso, amanga
amagama, izimpawu

Uma kuyiqiniso, kubonisa ukuthi umsingathi uhlala ekhipha ukuqhuma kobude obukhulu. Ubude obukhulu bokuqhuma bungu-2burstcount_width – 1. Le pharamitha ayinawo umthelela ku-interface ye-ejenti ye-Avalon-MM.
Lesi sici sicacisa amayunithi esignali ye-burstcount. Kuzimpawu, inani le-burstcount lichazwa njengenombolo yezimpawu (amabhayithi) ekuqhumeni. Ngamagama, inani le-burstcount litolikwa njengenombolo yokudluliswa kwamagama ekuqhumeni.

i-burstOnBurstBoundariesOnly

amanga

iqiniso, amanga

Uma kuyiqiniso, ukudlulisa okuqhume okwethulwa kulesi sikhombikubona kuqala emakhelini ayiziphindaphinda zobukhulu bosayizi wokuqhuma.
waqhubeka...

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Qamba i-constantBurstBehavior
holdTime(1) linewrapBursts
Ubuningi bePendingReadTransacti ons (1)
MaximumPendingWriteTransact ions minimumResponseLatency

Okuzenzakalelayo Kwevalue Ukusingatha -Umenzeli wamanga -amanga
0 amanga
1(2)
0 1

Izimiso Zomthetho iqiniso, amanga
0 1000 imijikelezo
iqiniso, amanga
1 64
1 64

Incazelo
Abasingathi: Uma kuyiqiniso, imemezela ukuthi umsingathi uphethe ikheli nokubala okungashintshi kukho konke okwenziwayo. Uma kungamanga (okuzenzakalelayo), imemezela ukuthi umsingathi uphethe ikheli nokubala okungashintshi kwesigqi sokuqala sokuqhuma. Ama-ejenti: Uma kuyiqiniso, imemezela ukuthi i-ejenti ilindele ukuthi ikheli nokubala kuhlale njalo ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Uma kungamanga (okuzenzakalelayo), ithi i-ejenti sampikheli elincane nokubala okuqhume kuphela kusigqi sokuqala sokuqhuma.
Icacisa isikhathi ku-timingUnits phakathi kwe-dessertion yokubhala kanye nokuncishiswa kwekheli nedatha. (Kusebenza kuphela ekubhaleni okwenziwayo.)
Amanye amadivaysi enkumbulo asebenzisa ukuqhuma okusongayo esikhundleni sokuqhuma okukhulayo. Uma ukuqhuma okusongayo kufinyelela emngceleni oqhumile, ikheli ligoqa libuyele emngceleni oqhumile wangaphambilini. Kudingeka amabhithi e-loworder kuphela ekubaleni ikheli. Okwesiboneloample, ukuqhuma okusongayo ukuze kulungiswe i-0xC enemingcele eqhumile njalo ngamabhayithi angu-32 phakathi kokuxhumana okungamabhithi angu-32 kubhala kulawa makheli alandelayo: · 0xC · 0x10 · 0x14 · 0x18 · 0x1C · 0x0 · 0x4 · 0x8
Ama-ejenti: Le pharamitha yinombolo enkulu yezifundo ezilindile umenzeli angakwazi ukuzifaka kulayini. Inani akumelwe lingabi nguziro kunoma yimuphi umenzeli onesiginali eqinisekisiwe eqinisekisiwe.
Bheka Kokudluliswa Okufundiwe Okunamapayipi Okuguquguqukayo Ukubambezeleka ukuze uthole umdwebo wesikhathi obonisa lesi sici kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokusebenzisa i-waitrequest kanye nedatha evumelekile enokufundwa okuningi okulindile.
Abasingathi: Lesi sakhiwo siyinani eliphakeme lemisebenzi esele yokufundiwe engakhiqizwa umsingathi.
Qaphela: Ungasethi lepharamitha ibe ngu-0. (Ngokuhambisana kuya emuva, isofthiwe isekela ukulungiselelwa kwepharamitha ka-0. Nokho, akufanele usebenzise lesi silungiselelo kumiklamo emisha).
Inombolo enkulu yokungathunyelwe okulindile ibhala ukuthi umenzeli angavuma noma umsingathi angakukhipha. Umenzeli ugomela ngesicelo sokulinda uma uxhumano selufinyelele lo mkhawulo, futhi umsingathi uyayeka ukukhipha imiyalo. Inani elizenzakalelayo ngu-0, okuvumela ukuthengiselana okulindile okungenamkhawulo komsingathi osekela izimpendulo zokubhala. Umenzeli osekela izimpendulo zokubhala kufanele asethe lokhu kunani elingelona uziro.
Ngokuxhumana okusekela i-readdatavalid noma i-writerresponsevalid, icacisa inani elincane lemijikelezo phakathi komyalo wokufunda noma wokubhala kanye nempendulo yomyalo.
waqhubeka...

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Igama lifundiweUkubambezeleka(1) fundaUkulindaIsikhathi(1) ukusethaIsikhathi(1) isikhathiAmayunithi(1) isicelo sokulindaImvume
writeWaitTime(1)
Iwashi elihlobene

Inani elizenzakalelayo

Izimiso Zomthetho

Incazelo

0 63

Funda ukubambezeleka kwabasebenzeli be-Avalon-MM abangaguquki. Okwe

umdwebo wesikhathi osebenzisa i-latency engaguquki efundiwe, bheka

I-Pipelined Read Transfers With Fixed Latency.

Abenzeli be-Avalon-MM ababambezeleke okungaguquki kufanele banikeze inani lalesi sakhiwo sokusebenzelana. Abenzeli be-Avalon-MM

okungaba ukubambezeleka okuguquguqukayo sebenzisa isignali evumelekile yokufunda ukuze ucacise idatha evumelekile.

0 1000 Ngezindawo zokusebenzelana ezingasebenzisi i-waitrequest

imijikelezo

isignali. i-readWaitTime ikhombisa isikhathi sokungena

TimingUnits ngaphambi kokuthi ama-ejenti amukele ukufundwa

umyalo. Isikhathi sinjengokungathi i-ejenti igomele

isicelo sokulinda semijikelezo ye-readWaitTime.

0 1000 Icacisa isikhathi kumayunithi wesikhathi phakathi kokugomela

imijikelezo

yekheli nedatha kanye nokugomela kokufunda noma ukubhala.

imijikelezo

imijikelezo,
nanosecond s

Icacisa amayunithi we-setupTime, holdTime,
bhalaWaitTime futhi ufundeWaitTime. Sebenzisa imijikelezo yamadivayisi avumelanayo nama-nanosecond kumadivayisi asynchronous. Cishe wonke amadivayisi e-ejenti ye-Avalon-MM ayavumelana.
Ingxenye ye-Avalon-MM enqamula isuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli we-AvalonMM iye kudivayisi engaphandle kwe-chip ingase ihambisane. Leyo divayisi ye-off-chip ingase ibe nesikhathi esimisiwe sokumisa ibhasi.

Icacisa inani lokudluliswa okungakhishwa noma

yamukelwe ngemuva kokugonyelwa kwesicelo sokulinda.

Lapho i-waitrequestAllowance ingu-0, bhala,
amasignali afunde futhi acele ukulinda agcine ukuziphatha kwawo okukhona njengoba kuchazwe kuthebula le-Avalon-MM Signal Roles.

Uma i-waitrequestAllowance ingaphezu kuka-0, wonke umjikelezo wewashi lapho kubhalwa noma kufundwa khona ubalwa njengokudluliswa komyalo. Uma i-waitrequest isigonyelwe, yi-waitrequestAllowance kuphela ukudluliselwa kwemiyalo eyengeziwe okusemthethweni kuyilapho i-waitrequest isalokhu igomela. Ngemuva kokuthi i-waitrequestAllowance ifinyelelwe, ukubhala nokufunda kufanele kuhlale kungenalutho inqobo nje uma isicelo sokulinda sigonyelwa.

Uma i-waitrequestdeasserts, ukudluliselwa kungase kuqalise noma nini ngaphandle kwemikhawulo kuze kube yilapho i-waitrequest igomela futhi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-waitrequestAllowance ukudluliselwa okwengeziwe kungase kuqedwe kuyilapho i-waitrequest isagomekile.

0 1000 Ngezindawo zokusebenzelana ezingasebenzisi i-waitrequest

Imijikelezo

isignali, i-writWaitTime icacisa isikhathi sokungena

TimingUnits ngaphambi kokuthi i-ejenti yamukele ukubhala. I

isikhathi kunjengokungathi i-ejenti igomela isicelo sokulinda imijikelezo yokubhalaWaitTime noma ama-nanosecond.

Ukuze uthole umdwebo wesikhathi obonisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-writterWaitTime, bheka kokuthi Funda futhi Ubhale Okudluliswayo Ngezifunda Ezigxilile zokulinda.

I-Interface Relationship Properties

N/A

Igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo sewashi lapho le Avalon-MM

isikhombimsebenzisi siyavumelana.

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Igama

Inani elizenzakalelayo

Izimiso Zomthetho

Incazelo

okuhlobene Setha kabusha

N/A

Igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo sokusetha kabusha esisetha kabusha i-logic

lesi sikhombimsebenzisi se-Avalon-MM.

amabhulohoToHost

I-Avalon-MM Ibhuloho le-Avalon-MM liqukethe i-ejenti nomsingathi,

Igama likasokhaya futhi unendawo yokufinyelela kumenzeli

use

ukucela ibhayithi noma amabhayithi kubangela ibhayithi efanayo noma

okufanayo

amabhayithi azocelwa umsingathi. I-Avalon-MM

ingxenye yePipeline Bridge engxenyeni yomklami wePlatform

Umtapo wolwazi usebenzisa lo msebenzi.

Amanothi:
1. Nakuba lesi sici sifana nedivayisi yomenzeli, ababungazi bangakwazi ukusho lesi sakhiwo ukuze banike amandla ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi komsingathi ofanayo nokuxhumana komenzeli.
2. Uma isixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli samukela ukudluliselwa kokufundiwe okuningi kunalokho okuvunyelwe, ukuxhumana okulindile okufundiwe I-FIFO ingase ichichime ngemiphumela engalindelekile. I-ejenti ingase ilahlekelwe yidatha efundwayo noma idatha yokufunda yomzila iye kusixhumi esibonakalayo somsingathi okungalungile. Noma, isistimu ingase ikhiyeke. Isixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli kufanele sigomele isicelo sokulinda ukuze kunqandwe lokhu kuchichima.

Ulwazi Oluhlobene · I-Avalon Memory Memory Mapped Interface Izindima Zesignali ekhasini 14 · Funda futhi Ubhale Izimpendulo ekhasini 34 · Amapayipi Funda Dlulisa Ngokubambezeleka Okuguquguqukayo ekhasini 28 · Ukudluliselwa Okufundeka Okunamapayipi Okudluliswa Nge-Fixed Latency ekhasini 29 · Funda futhi Ubhale Izimpendulo
Kumhlahlandlela Womsebenzisi Womklami Wenkundla: I-Intel Quartus® Prime Pro Edition

3.4. Isikhathi
I-interface ye-Avalon-MM iyavumelana. Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-MM ngasinye sivunyelaniswa nesixhumi esibonakalayo sewashi esihlobene. Amasignali angase abe yinhlanganisela uma eqhutshwa kusukela kokuphumayo kwamarejista ahambisana nesiginali yewashi. Lokhu kucaciswa akunqumi ukuthi amasignali ashintsha kanjani noma nini phakathi kwamaphethelo wewashi. Imidwebo yesikhathi ayinalo ulwazi lwesikhathi olucushwe kahle.

3.5. Ukudluliselwa
Lesi sigaba sichaza imiqondo emibili eyisisekelo ngaphambi kokwethula izinhlobo zokudlulisa:
· Ukudlulisa–Ukudlulisa kuwumsebenzi wokufunda noma wokubhala wegama noma uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwedatha. Ukudluliselwa kwenzeka phakathi kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-MM kanye noxhumano. Ukudlulisa kuthatha umjikelezo wewashi owodwa noma eminingi ukuze kuqedwe.
Kokubili ababungazi nama-ejenti bayingxenye yokudluliswa kwemali. Umsingathi we-Avalon-MM uqala ukudlulisa futhi umenzeli we-Avalon-MM uyaphendula.
· Ipheya yomenzeli wokusingatha–Leli gama libhekisela kusixhumi esibonakalayo somsingathi kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli ohilelekile ekudluliseni. Ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, isilawuli somsingathi kanye namasiginali wedatha adlula endwangu yokuxhuma futhi ahlanganyele nesixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli.

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3.5.1. Ukudluliselwa Okujwayelekile Kokufunda Nokubhala

Lesi sigaba sichaza isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-MM esisekela ukudluliselwa kokufunda nokubhala ngesicelo sokulinda esilawulwa yi-ejenti. I-ejenti ingakwazi ukumisa ukuxhumana imijikelezo eminingi njengoba kudingwa ngokugomela isignali yesicelo sokulinda. Uma i-ejenti isebenzisa i-waitrequest yokufunda noma ukubhala ukudluliselwa, umenzeli kufanele asebenzise i-waitrequest kukho kokubili.

I-ejenti ivamise ukuthola ikheli, i-byteenable, ukufunda noma ukubhala, kanye nedatha yokubhala ngemva konqenqema olukhuphukayo lwewashi. Umenzeli ugomela isicelo sokulinda ngaphambi komkhawulo wewashi elikhuphukayo ukuze abambe ukudluliselwa. Uma umenzeli ethi isicelo sokulinda, ukudluliswa kuyabambezeleka. Ngenkathi i-waitrequest igonyelwa, ikheli kanye nezinye izimpawu zokulawula zibanjwa njalo. Ukudlulisa kuqedile onqenqemeni olukhuphukayo lwe-clk yokuqala ngemva kokusebenzelana kwe-ejenti yamadezi okucelayo.
Awukho umkhawulo wokuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo se-ejenti singama isikhathi esingakanani. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli asigodli isicelo ngokungapheli. Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa ukudluliselwa kokufunda nokubhala kusetshenziswa i-waitrequest.

Qaphela:

i-waitrequest ingahlukaniswa kumasiginali wesicelo sokufunda nokubhala. i-waitrequest ingase igonyelwe phakathi nemijikelezo yokungenzi lutho. Umsingathi we-Avalon-MM angase aqalise umsebenzi lapho isicelo sokulinda sigonyelwa futhi alinde leyo siginali ukuthi ikhishwe. Ukwehliswa kwesicelo sokulinda esicelweni sokufunda nokubhala kungase kuthuthukise isikhathi sohlelo. Ukwehlukanisa kuqeda iluphu ehlanganisiwe efaka amasiginali wokufunda, ukubhala, kanye nesicelo sokulinda. Uma kudingeka ukuhoxiswa okwengeziwe okwengeziwe, sebenzisa isakhiwo se-waitrequestAllowance. waitrequestAllowance iyatholakala kusukela ngokukhishwa kwe-Quartus® Prime Pro v17.1 Stratix® 10 ES Editions.

Umfanekiso 7.

Funda futhi Ubhale Ukudluliselwa nge-Waitrequest

clk

ikheli

byteenable

funda bhala waitrequest readdata

funda idatha

impendulo

ukubhala idatha

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Izinombolo ezikulo mdwebo wesikhathi, maka lezi zinguquko ezilandelayo: 1. ikheli, i-byteenable, futhi efundwayo agonyelwa ngemva konqenqema olukhuphukayo lwe-clk. I
i-ejenti igomela ngokuthi i-waitrequest, imisa ukudluliselwa. 2. isicelo sokulinda singu-sampkwaholela. Ngoba i-waitrequest iyagonyelwa, umjikelezo uba
isimo sokulinda. ikheli, ukufunda, ukubhala, futhi byteenable uhlala njalo. 3. I-ejenti ifaka isicelo sokulinda ngemva kokukhuphuka konqenqema lwe-clk. I-ejenti iyagomela
funda idatha kanye nempendulo. 4. Umsingathi sampi-les readdata, impendulo kanye nesicelo sokulinda esingenalutho
ukuqedela ukudlulisa. 5. ikheli, i-writedata, i-byteenable, kanye namasignali abhalwayo agonyelwa ngemva kwe-
ukukhuphuka komkhawulo we-clk. Umenzeli uthi isicelo sokulinda simise ukudluliselwa. 6. I-ejenti ifaka isicelo sokulinda ngemva kokukhuphuka konqenqema lwe-clk. 7. I-ejenti ithwebula idatha ebhalayo eqeda ukudlulisa.

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3.5.2. Ukudlulisa Ngokusebenzisa i-waitrequestAllowance Property

Isakhiwo se-waitrequestAllowance sicacisa inombolo yokudluliswa komsingathi we-AvalonMM angakukhipha noma umenzeli we-Avalon-MM kufanele akwamukele ngemva kokuqinisekiswa kwesignali yesicelo sokulinda. waitrequestAllowance iyatholakala kusukela ngokukhishwa kwesoftware ye-Intel Quartus Prime 17.1.
Inani elizenzakalelayo le-waitrequestAllowance ngu-0, elihambisana nokuziphatha okuchazwe kokuthi Okudluliswayo Okujwayelekile Kokufunda Nokubhala, lapho ukugomela kwesicelo sokulinda kumisa ukudluliselwa kwamanje ukuthi kungakhiphi noma kwamukelwe.
Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM one-waitrequestAllowance enkulu kuno-0 ngokuvamile angagomela isicelo sokulinda lapho isigcinalwazi sangaphakathi singamukela kuphela ukufakwa kwe-waitrequestAllowance okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuba kugcwale. Abasingathi be-Avalon-MM abane-waitrequestAllowance enkulu kuno-0 banemijikelezo eyengeziwe yokulindaImvume yokuyeka ukuthumela ukudluliselwa, okuvumela ukuqhutshwa kwamapayipi okwengeziwe kunengqondo yomsingathi. Umsingathi kufanele asuse isignali yokufunda noma yokubhala lapho isicelo sokulinda sesiphelile.
Amanani we-waitrequestAllowance angaphezu kuka-0 asekela idizayini enesivinini esikhulu lapho izinhlobo ezisheshayo ze-backpressure zingase zibangele ukwehla kwemvamisa yokusebenza ephezulu (FMAX) ngokuvamile ngenxa yokucabanga okuhlanganisiwe kumzila wokulawula. Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM kufanele asekele zonke izikhathi zokudlulisa ezingaba khona ezisemthethweni ivelu yayo ye-waitrequestAllowance. Okwesiboneloampi-le, i-ejenti ene-waitrequestAllowance = 2 kufanele ikwazi ukwamukela noma yimaphi amagagasi okudlulisa osokhaya aboniswe ku-ex elandelayoampLes.

Ulwazi Oluhlobene Okuvamile Ukufunda Nokubhala Ukudluliselwa ekhasini 21

3.5.2.1. waitrequestAllowance Ilingana Nambili
Umdwebo wesikhathi olandelayo ubonisa isikhathi somsingathi we-Avalon-MM onemijikelezo yewashi emibili ukuze aqale futhi ayeke ukuthumela ukudluliselwa ngemva kokuba umenzeli we-Avalon-MM edayisele noma egomela isicelo sokulinda, ngokulandelana.

Umfanekiso 8. Umsingathi uyabhala: waitrequestAllowance Ilingana Nemijikelezo Yewashi Amabili

1 2

3 4

iwashi

bhala

isicelo sokulinda

idatha[7:0]

A0 A1 A2

A3 A4

B0 B1

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Omaka kulo mfanekiso bamaka izehlakalo ezilandelayo:
1. Amadrayivu abamba i-Avalon-MM> abhala nedatha.
2. Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM> ugomela isicelo sokulinda. Ngenxa yokuthi i-waitrequestAllowance ingu-2, umsingathi uyakwazi ukuqedela ukudluliselwa kwedatha oku-2 okwengeziwe.
3. Amadeski womsingathi abhala njengoba kudingekile ngoba umenzeli ugomela isicelo sokulinda umjikelezo wesithathu.
4. Amadrayivu abamba i-Avalon-MM> abhala nedatha. Umenzeli akagomeli ngesicelo sokulinda. Ukubhala kuqedile.
5. Umsingathi we-Avalon ushayela ukubhala kanye nedatha nakuba i-ejenti igomela isicelo sokulinda. Ngoba i-waitrequestAllowance iyimijikelezo emi-2, ukubhala kuyaqeda.
6. Umsingathi we-Avalon ushayela ukubhala kanye nedatha. Umenzeli akagomeli ngesicelo sokulinda. Ukubhala kuyaqeda.

3.5.2.2. waitrequestAllowance Ilingana neyodwa
Umdwebo wesikhathi olandelayo ubonisa isikhathi somsingathi we-Avalon-MM onomjikelezo wewashi owodwa ukuze aqale futhi ayeke ukuthumela ukudluliselwa ngemva kokuba umenzeli we-Avalon-MM edayisele noma egomela isicelo sokulinda, ngokulandelanayo:
Umfanekiso 9. Umsingathi Bhala: waitrequestAllowance Ilingana Nomjikelezo Wewashi Elilodwa

1 cl

23 4

6 7

bhala

isicelo sokulinda

idatha[7:0]

A0 A1 A2

A3 A4

B1 B2

Izinombolo kulo mfanekiso ziphawula izehlakalo ezilandelayo:
1. I-Avalon-MM host host bhala kanye nedatha.
2. Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM ugomela isicelo sokulinda. Ngenxa yokuthi i-waitrequestAllowance ingu-1, umsingathi angaqedela ukubhala.
3. Amadeski osokhaya abhala ngoba i-ejenti igomela isicelo sokulinda umjikelezo wesibili.
4. I-Avalon-MM host host bhala kanye nedatha. Umenzeli akagomeli ngesicelo sokulinda. Ukubhala kuqedile.
5. I-ejenti igomela isicelo sokulinda. Ngoba i-waitrequestAllowance ingumjikelezo ongu-1, ukubhala kuyaqeda.

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6. Amadrayivu abamba i-Avalon-MM abhala nedatha. Umenzeli akagomeli ngesicelo sokulinda. Ukubhala kuyaqeda.
7. Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM ugomela ngesicelo sokulinda. Ngenxa yokuthi i-waitrequestAllowance ingu-1, umsingathi angaqedela ukudluliswa kwedatha okukodwa okwengeziwe.
8. Umsingathi we-Avalon ushayela ukubhala kanye nedatha. Umenzeli akagomeli ngesicelo sokulinda. Ukubhala kuyaqeda.

3.5.2.3. waitrequestAllowance Ilingana Okubili - Akunconyiwe

Umdwebo olandelayo ubonisa isikhathi somsingathi we-Avalon-MM> ongathumela ukudluliselwa okubili ngemva kokugonyelwa kwesicelo sokulinda.

Lesi sikhathi sisemthethweni, kodwa asinconyiwe. Kulesi example umsingathi ubala inani lemisebenzi esikhundleni senombolo yemijikelezo yewashi. Le ndlela idinga ikhawunta eyenza ukuqaliswa kube nzima kakhulu futhi kungase kuthinte ukuvalwa kwesikhathi.
Lapho umsingathi enquma ukuthi kunini lapho kufanele ashayele khona imisebenzi ngesignali yesicelo sokulinda kanye nenani elingashintshi lemijikelezo, umsingathi uqala noma amise okwenziwayo ngokusekelwe kumasiginali abhalisiwe.

Umfanekiso 10. waitrequestAllowance Ilingana Nokudluliswa Okubili

1 23 cl

bhala

isicelo sokulinda

idatha

Izinombolo ezikulo mfanekiso ziphawula izehlakalo ezilandelayo: 1. Umsingathi we-Avalon-MM> uyagomela ukuthi uyabhala futhi ashayele idatha.
2. Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM> ugomela isicelo sokulinda.
3. Amadrayivu abamba i-Avalon-MM> abhala kanye nedatha. Ngoba i-waitrequestAllowance ingu-2, umsingathi ushayela idatha ngemijikelezo emi-2 elandelanayo.
4. Umsingathi we-Avalon-MM> amadesethi abhala ngoba umsingathi usebenzise i-2-transfer waitrequestAllowance.
5. Umsingathi we-Avalon-MM> ukhipha okubhaliwe ngokushesha nje lapho i-waitrequest isikhishiwe.
6. Amadrayivu abamba i-Avalon-MM> abhala nedatha. Umenzeli ugomela ngesicelo sokulinda somjikelezo ongu-1.
7. Ephendula isicelo sokulinda, umsingathi we-Avalon-MM> ubamba idatha yemijikelezo emi-2.

3.5.2.4. I-waitrequestAllowance Compatibility Yokusingathwa kwe-Avalon-MM kanye Nokusebenzelana Kwe-ejenti
Abasingathi be-Avalon-MM nama-ejenti asekela i-waitrequest signal support backpressure. Ababungazi abane-backpressure bangakwazi ukuxhuma kuma-ejenti ngaphandle kokucindezela emuva. Abasingathi abangenawo umfutho ongemuva abakwazi ukuxhuma kuma-ejenti ane-backpressure.

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Ithebula 11. waitrequestAllowance Compatibility Yabasingathi be-Avalon-MM nama-ejenti

Umsingathi kanye Nomenzeli waitrequestAllowance

Ukuhambisana

umsingathi = 0 i-ejenti = 0
umsingathi = 0 i-ejenti > 0

Ilandela imithetho yokusebenzisana efanayo ne-Avalon-MM ejwayelekile.
Ukuxhumana okuqondile akunakwenzeka. Ukuzijwayeza okulula kuyadingeka esimweni somsingathi onesiginali yesicelo sokulinda. Ukuxhumeka akunakwenzeka uma umsingathi engayisekeli isignali yesicelo sokulinda.

umsingathi > 0 i-ejenti = 0
umsingathi > 0 umenzeli> 0

Ukuxhumana okuqondile akunakwenzeka. Ukuzijwayeza (amabhafa) kuyadingeka uma uxhumeka kumenzeli ngesignali yokucela noma izimo zokulinda ezigxilile.
Akukho ukulungisa okudingekile uma imvume yosokhaya <= isibonelelo somenzeli. Uma isibonelelo sokusingatha < isibonelelo somenzeli, amarejista omzila wamapayipi angase afakwe. Ngoxhumano lwephoyinti nephoyinti, ungangeza amarejista epayipi kumasiginali womyalo noma kumasiginali wesicelo sokulinda. Kuya ku irejista stages ingafakwa lapho umehluko phakathi kwezibonelelo. Ukuxhuma umsingathi nge-waitrequestAllowance ephezulu kune-ejenti edinga ukugcinwa kwebhafa.

3.5.2.5. waitrequestAllowance Iphutha Imibandela
Ukuziphatha akubikezeleki uma isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-MM sephula ukucaciswa kwemvume yesicelo sokulinda.
· Uma umsingathi ephula i-waitrequestAllowance = imininingwane ngokuthumela okungaphezu kwalokho ukudluliswa, ukudluliselwa kungase kwehliswe noma ukonakala kwedatha kungenzeka.
· Uma i-ejenti ikhangisa i-waitrequestAllowance enkulu kunaleyo engenzeka, okunye ukudluliselwa kungase kwehliswe noma kwenzeke ukonakala kwedatha.
3.5.3. Funda futhi Ubhale Okudluliswayo nge-Fixed Wait-States
Umenzeli angacacisa izimo zokulinda ezigxilile esebenzisa izici ze-readWaitTime kanye ne-writeWaitTime. Ukusebenzisa i-fixed wait-states kungenye indlela yokusebenzisa i-waitrequest ukumisa ukudluliselwa. Ikheli namasiginali okulawula (okungashintshwa, afundeke, futhi abhale) agcinwa njalo ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Ukusetha i-readWaitTime noma bhalaWaitTime ku kulingana nokugomela isicelo sokulinda imijikelezo ngokudluliswa ngakunye.
Emfanekisweni olandelayo, i-ejenti ine-writWaitTime = 2 kanye ne-readWaitTime = 1.

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Umfanekiso 11.

Funda futhi Ubhale Ukudluliselwa Ngezifunda Ezigxilile zokulinda kusixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli

clk

ikheli

byteenable

funda

bhala idatha yokuphendula efundwayo

impendulo yokufunda

ukubhala idatha

Izinombolo ezikulo mdwebo wesikhathi ziphawula izinguquko ezilandelayo:
1. Umsingathi ugomela ikheli futhi afunde onqenqemeni olukhuphukayo lwe-clk.
2. Unqenqema olulandelayo olukhuphukayo lwe-clk luphawula ukuphela komjikelezo wokuqala nokuwukuphela komjikelezo wesimo sokulinda. I-readWaitTime ngu-1.
3. I-ejenti igomela i-readdata nempendulo emaphethelweni akhuphukayo e-clk. Ukudlulisa okufundiwe kuyaphela.
4. imininingwane yokubhala, ikheli, okwenzekayo, kanye nezimpawu zokubhala ziyatholakala kumenzeli.
5. Ukudlulisa ukubhala kuphela ngemva kwemijikelezo yesimo sokulinda emi-2.
Ukudlulisa okunesimo sokulinda esisodwa kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ama-multicycle off-chip peripherals. I-peripheral ithwebula ikheli futhi ilawule amasignali onqenqemeni olukhuphukayo lwe-clk. I-peripheral inomjikelezo owodwa ogcwele wokubuyisela idatha.
Izingxenye ezinoziro zokulinda zivunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, izingxenye ezineziro zokulinda zinganciphisa imvamisa efinyelelekayo. Izimo zokulinda ezingenalutho zidinga ingxenye ukuthi ikhiqize impendulo emjikelezweni ofanayo isicelo esethulwe ngaso.

3.5.4. Ukudluliselwa Okufakwe Amapayipi
Ukudluliswa kokufunda okufakwe ngamapayipi e-Avalon-MM kukhuphula ukusebenza kwamadivayisi e-ejenti avumelanayo adinga imijikelezo embalwa ukubuyisela idatha yokufinyelela kokuqala. Amadivayisi anjalo ngokuvamile angabuyisela inani ledatha elilodwa ngomjikelezo ngamunye isikhathi esithile ngemva kwalokho. Ukudluliselwa kokufunda okusha okufakwe ngamapayipi kungaqala ngaphambi kokuba kubuyiselwe idatha yokudluliselwa kwangaphambilini.
Ukudluliselwa kokufunda okunepayipi kunesigaba sekheli kanye nesigaba sedatha. Umsingathi uqala ukudlulisa ngokwethula ikheli phakathi nesigaba sekheli. Umenzeli ugcwalisa ukudluliselwa ngokuletha idatha phakathi nesigaba sedatha. Isigaba sekheli sokudlulisa okusha (noma ukudluliselwa okuningi) singaqala ngaphambi kokuba isigaba sedatha sokudluliswa kwangaphambilini siphele. Ukubambezeleka kubizwa nge-pipeline latency. Ukubambezeleka kwepayipi ubude besikhathi ukusuka ekupheleni kwesigaba sekheli ukuya ekuqaleni kwesigaba sedatha.

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Isikhathi sokudlulisa sezindawo zokulinda nokubambezeleka kwepayipi kunomehluko obalulekile olandelayo:
· I-Wait-states-Wait-states inquma ubude besigaba sekheli. Izimo zokulinda zikhawulela umkhawulo wokuphuma kwembobo. Uma i-ejenti idinga isimo sokulinda esisodwa ukuze iphendule esicelweni sokudlulisa, imbobo idinga imijikelezo yewashi emibili ngokudluliswa ngakunye.
· I-Pipeline Latency–Pipeline latency inquma isikhathi kuze kube yilapho idatha ibuyiselwa ngaphandle kwesigaba sekheli. I-ejenti efakwe amapayipi engenazo izimo zokulinda ingasekela ukudluliswa okukodwa ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Nokho, umenzeli angase adinge imijikelezo embalwa yokubambezeleka ukuze abuyisele iyunithi yokuqala yedatha.
Ukulinda nokufunda okufakwe ngamapayipi kungasekelwa kanyekanye. Ukubambezeleka kwepayipi kungase kulungiswe noma kuguquguquke.

3.5.4.1. I-Pipelined Read Transfer with Variable Latency
Ngemuva kokuthwebula amasiginali wekheli nokulawula, i-ejenti yamapayipi ye-Avalon-MM ithatha umjikelezo owodwa noma eminingi ukukhiqiza idatha. I-ejenti efakwe amapayipi ingase ibe nokudluliswa kokufundiwe okuningi okulindile nganoma isiphi isikhathi.
Ukudluliswa kokufunda okuguquguqukayo okunephayiphi:
· Idinga isignali eyodwa eyengeziwe, i-readdatavalid, ebonisa ukuthi idatha efundiwe isebenza nini.
· Faka isethi efanayo yamasignali njengokudluliswa kokufunda okungamapayipi.
Ekudlulisweni kokufunda okuguquguqukayo okunephayiphi ukubambezeleka, amapheripheral e-ejenti asebenzisa i-readdatavalid abhekwa njengamapayipi ane-latency eguquguqukayo. I-readdata kanye namasiginali avumelekile ahambisana nomyalo wokufundwayo angagomela ngokuthi umjikelezo ngemva kokuthi umyalo wokufunda ugonyelwa, ngokushesha nje.
I-ejenti kufanele ibuyisele idatha efundwayo ngendlela efanayo neyamukelwe ngayo imiyalo efundiwe. Izimbobo zama-ejenti ezinamapayipi ane-latency eguquguqukayo kufanele zisebenzise i-waitrequest. Umenzeli angagomela ngesicelo sokulinda sokumisa ukudluliselwa ukuze kugcinwe inombolo eyamukelekayo yokudluliswa okulindile. I-ejenti ingase igomele ngokuthi i-readdatavalid ukudlulisa idatha kumsingathi ngaphandle kokuthi umenzeli uvala umyalo omusha nge-waitrequest.

Qaphela:

Inombolo enkulu yokudluliselwa okulindile iyisici sokusebenzelana komenzeli. Indwangu ye-interconnect yakha umqondo wokufunda idatha ukuze icele ababungazi kusetshenziswa le nombolo. Isixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli, hhayi indwangu ye-interconnect, kufanele ilandelele inombolo yokufundwa okulindile. I-ejenti kufanele igomele isicelo sokulinda ukuze ivimbele inani lokufundwa okulindile ukuthi lidlule inombolo enkulu. Uma i-ejenti ine-waitrequestAllowance > 0, umenzeli kufanele agomele isicelo sokulinda kusenesikhathi ukuze isamba sokudluliselwa okulindile, okuhlanganisa nalokho okwamukelwe ngenkathi isicelo sokulinda kushiwo, singadluli inani eliphakeme lokudluliswa okusalindile elicacisiwe.

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Umfanekiso 12.

Ukudluliswa kokufunda okufakwe ngamapayipi okune-variable latency

Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa ukudluliselwa kokufundwa kwe-ejenti okuningana. I-ejenti ifakwe ngamapayipi ane-latency eguquguqukayo. Kulesi sibalo, i-ejenti ingamukela umkhawulo wokudluliswa okubili okulindile. Umenzeli usebenzisa i-waitrequest ukugwema ukweqa lesi sibalo esiphezulu.

clk

ikheli

engeza1

engeza2

engeza3

engeza4

engeza5

funda

isicelo sokulinda

i-readdata readdata ivumelekile

idatha 1

idatha2

idatha 3

idatha4

idatha5

Izinombolo kulo mdwebo wesikhathi, maka izinguquko ezilandelayo:
1. Umsingathi ugomela ikheli nokufunda, aqalise ukudlulisa ukufunda.
2. I-ejenti ithwebula i-adr1.
3. I-ejenti ithwebula i-adr2.
4. I-ejenti igomela ngesicelo sokulinda ngoba umenzeli useyamukele ubuningi bokufunda okubili okulindile, okubangele ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwesithathu kumiswe.
5. I-ejenti igomela idatha1, impendulo ku-add1. I-ejenti yamadeskithi isicelo sokulinda.
6. I-ejenti ithwebula i-add3. I-interconnect ithwebula idatha1.
7. I-ejenti ithwebula i-add4. I-interconnect ithwebula idatha2.
8. I-ejenti ishayela i-readdata evumelekile neyokufundwayo ngokuphendula ukudluliselwa kokufundiwe kwesithathu.
9. I-ejenti ithwebula i-adr5. I-interconnect ithatha idatha3. Isignali efundiwe isusiwe. Inani lesicelo sokulinda alisabalulekile.
10. I-interconnect ithwebula idatha4.
11. I-ejenti ishayela idatha5 futhi igomela ukuthi idatha efundiwe ivumelekile ukuqedela isigaba sedatha sokudlulisa okusalindile okufundiwe.
Uma i-ejenti ingakwazi ukusingatha ukudluliselwa kokubhala ngenkathi icubungula kusalindwe ukudluliselwa kokufundiwe, i-ejenti kufanele isho ukuthi i-waitrequest futhi imise umsebenzi wokubhala kuze kuqedwe ukudluliselwa kokufunda okulindile. Ukucaciswa kwe-Avalon-MM akuchazi inani ledatha efundiwe esimweni lapho umenzeli amukela ukudluliselwa kokubhala ekhelini elifanayo njengokudluliselwa kokufundiwe okulindile njengamanje.
3.5.4.2. I-Pipelined Read Transfers With Fixed Latency
Isigaba sekheli sokudluliselwa kokufundwa kwe-latency okugxilile kuyefana nekesi eliguquguqukayo lokubambezeleka. Ngemva kwesigaba sekheli, ipayipi elifakwe ukubambezeleka kokufunda okugxilile lithatha inombolo egxilile yemijikelezo yewashi ukubuyisela idatha efundiwe evumelekile. Isici se-readLatency sicacisa inani lemijikelezo yewashi ukuze kubuyiselwe idatha efundiwe evumelekile. I-interconnect ithwebula idatha efundwayo onqenqemeni lwewashi elikhuphukayo elifanele, kuphele isigaba sedatha.

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Phakathi nesigaba sekheli, umuntu angagomela ngesicelo sokulinda ukuze amise ukudlulisa. Noma, i-readLatency icacisa inombolo egxilile yezimo zokulinda. Isigaba sekheli siphelela onqenqemeni olulandelayo olukhuphukayo lwe-clk ngemva kwezimo zokulinda, uma zikhona.

Phakathi nesigaba sedatha, idatha efundwa ngamadrayivu ngemva kokubambezeleka okugxilile. Ukuze ufunde ukubambezeleka kwe , kufanele bethule idatha efundwayo evumelekile ku ukukhuphuka konqenqema lwe-clk ngemva kokuphela kwesigaba sekheli.

Umfanekiso 13.

I-Pipelined Read Transfer With Fixed Latency of Two Cycles

Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuningi phakathi komsingathi kanye namapayipi . Isicelo sokulinda samadrayivu sokumisa ukudluliselwa futhi sinokubambezeleka kokufunda okugxilile kwemijikelezo emi-2.

clk

ikheli

engeza1

engeza2 engeza3

funda

isicelo sokulinda

funda idatha

idatha1

Idatha ye-2

Izinombolo ezikulo mdwebo wesikhathi, maka izinguquko ezilandelayo: 1. Umsingathi uqala ukudluliswa kokufunda ngokugomela ngokuthi funda nokuthi add1. 2. Izicelo zokulinda zokumisa ukudlulisa umjikelezo owodwa. 3. I-addr1 ethwebulayo emaphethelweni akhuphukayo e-clk. Isigaba samakheli siphelela lapha. 4. Iphrezenta idatha yokufunda evumelekile ngemva kwemijikelezo emi-2, eqeda ukudluliswa. 5. i-adr2 nokufunda kuyagonyelwa ngokudluliswa kokufunda okusha. 6. Umsingathi uqala ukudluliswa kokufunda kwesithathu phakathi nomjikelezo olandelayo, ngaphambi kwedatha evela
ukudluliswa kwangaphambili kuyabuyiselwa.

3.5.5. I-Burst Transfer
Ukuqhuma kusebenzisa ukudlulisa okuningi njengeyunithi, esikhundleni sokuphatha igama ngalinye ngokuzimele. Ukuqhuma kungase kukhuphule ukuphuma kwezimbobo ze-ejenti ezizuza ukusebenza kahle okukhulu lapho uphatha amagama amaningi ngesikhathi, njenge-SDRAM. Umthelela ophelele wokuqhuma ukukhiya ukulamula ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Isixhumi esibonakalayo esiqhumayo se-Avalon-MM esisekela kokubili ukufunda nokubhala kufanele sisekele kokubili ukufunda nokubhala.
I-Bursting Avalon-MM interfaces ifaka isignali yokuphuma kwe-burstcount. Uma i-ejenti inokufaka kwe-burstcount, i-ejenti iyakwazi ukuqhuma.
Isignali ye-burstcount iziphatha kanje:
· Ekuqaleni kokuqhuma, i-burstcount iveza inani lokudluliswa okulandelanayo ekuqhumeni.
· Ukuze ububanzi ye-burstcount, ubude obukhulu bokuqhuma bungu-2 ( -1).Ubude obuncane bokuqhuma obusemthethweni bukodwa.

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Ukuze isekele ukuqhuma kokufunda komenzeli, umenzeli kufanele futhi asekele:
· Linda izifunda ngesignali waitrequest.
· Ukudluliselwa okufakwe ngamapayipi okune-latency eguquguqukayo ngesignali eqinisekisiwe eqinisekisiwe.
Ekuqaleni kokuqhuma, i-ejenti ibona ikheli kanye nenani lobude bokuqhuma ekubaleni kokuqhuma. Ngokuqhuma okunekheli kanye nenani lenani eliqhumayo , umenzeli kufanele enze ukudlulisa okulandelanayo eqala ekhelini . Ukuqhuma kuqeda ngemva kokuba i-ejenti ithola (ibhala) noma ibuyisela (ifunde) incwadi igama ledatha. I-ejenti eqhumayo kufanele ithwebule ikheli nokubala kanye kuphela ngokuqhuma ngakunye. I-logic ye-ejenti kufanele icabangele ikheli labo bonke ngaphandle kokudluliswa kokuqala ekuqhumeni. Umenzeli angaphinda asebenzise isiginali yokufaka i-startbursttransfer, i-interconnect egomela ngayo kumjikelezo wokuqala wokuqhuma ngakunye.
3.5.5.1. Bhala ama-Bursts
Le mithetho iyasebenza uma ukuqhuma kokubhala kuqala nge-burstcount enkulu kuneyodwa:
· Lapho ukuqhuma kwe- kwethulwa ekuqaleni kokuqhuma, i-ejenti kufanele yamukele amayunithi alandelanayo edatha yokubhala ukuze aqedele ukuqhuma. Ukulamula phakathi kwepheya yomenzeli wosokhaya kuhlala kukhiyiwe kuze kuphele ukuqhuma. Lo khiye uqinisekisa ukuthi akekho omunye umsingathi ongakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi kumenzeli kuze kuqedwe ukuqhuma kokubhala.
· I-ejenti kufanele ithwebule idatha yokubhala kuphela lapho ibhala izigodi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, umsingathi angakwazi ukubhala okudambisayo okubonisa ukuthi idatha yokubhala ayivumelekile. Ukubhala okudambisayo akukuqedi ukuqhuma. I-assertion yokubhala ibambezela ukuqhuma futhi akekho omunye umsingathi ongafinyelela umenzeli, okwehlisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa.
· I-ejenti ibambezela ukudluliselwa ngokugomela ngokuthi isicelo sokulinda siphoqelela ukuthi kubhalwe idatha, bhala, isibalo esiqhumayo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi sigcinwe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
· Ukusebenza kwesiginali engaba khona kuyafana kuma-ejenti aqhumayo nangaqhumisi. Kokubhalela kosokhaya okungu-32-bit kuqhume ukuya kumenzeli we-64-bit, eqala ekhelini le-byte 4, ukudluliselwa kokubhala kokuqala okubonwa umenzeli kusekhelini lakhe elithi 0, nge-byteenable = 8'b11110000. I-byteenables ingashintsha kumagama ahlukene okuqhuma.
· Izimpawu ezingaba khona akumele zigonyelwe zonke. Umsingathi oqhumayo obhala amagama ayingxenye angasebenzisa isignali ye-byteenable ukuhlonza idatha ebhalwayo.
· Ukubhala okunamasiginali angenzeka ukuthi wonke ama-0 adluliselwa kumenzeli we-AvalonMM njengokwenziwe okuvumelekile.
· Isici se-constantBurstBehavior sicacisa ukuziphatha kwezimpawu eziqhumayo.
- Uma i-constantBurstBehavior iyiqiniso kumsingathi, umsingathi ubamba ikheli kanye nenani elikhulayo elizinzile phakathi nokuqhuma. Uma kuyiqiniso kumenzeli, i-consultatBurstBehavior imemezela ukuthi umenzeli ulindele ukuthi ikheli nokubala kubanjwe kuzinzile ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.
— Uma i-constantBurstBehavior ingamanga, umsingathi ubamba ikheli kanye nokubala kwe-burstcount kuphela uma kwenziwa umsebenzi wokuqala wokuqhuma. Uma i-constantBurstBehavior ingamanga, i-ejenti sampikheli elincane nokubalwa kokuqhuma kuphela kumsebenzi wokuqala wokuqhuma.

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Umfanekiso 14.

Bhala i-Burst nge-consultantBurstBehavior Setha kokuthi Amanga Kosokhaya kanye Nomenzeli

Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa i-ejenti ebhala ukuqhuma kobude 4. Kulesi siboneloample, umenzeli ugomela ukuthi isicelo sokulinda sibambezele kabili ukuqhuma.

clk

ikheli

engeza1

i-startbursttransfer

ukuqhuma

bhala

ukubhala idatha

idatha1

idatha2

idatha3

idatha4

isicelo sokulinda

Izinombolo ezikulo mdwebo wesikhathi ziphawula izinguquko ezilandelayo:
1. Umsingathi ugomela ikheli, isibalo sokuqhuma, bhala, futhi ushayela iyunithi yokuqala yedatha yokubhala.
2. I-ejenti ngokushesha igomela isicelo sokulinda, okubonisa ukuthi umenzeli akakakulungeli ukuqhubeka nokudlulisa.
3. isicelo sokulinda siphansi. Umenzeli uthwebula i-add1, i-burstcount, kanye neyunithi yokuqala yedatha yokubhala. Kumijikelezo elandelayo yokudluliswa, ikheli nokubala kokuqhuma kuzitshwa.
4. I-ejenti ithwebula iyunithi yesibili yedatha emaphethelweni akhuphukayo e-clk.
5. Ukuqhuma kuyamiswa ngenkathi kubhalwa kukhishwa.
6. I-ejenti ithwebula iyunithi yesithathu yedatha emaphethelweni akhuphukayo e-clk.
7. I-ejenti igomela ngesicelo sokulinda. Ukuphendula, yonke imiphumela ibanjelwa njalo ngomunye umjikelezo wewashi.
8. I-ejenti ithwebula iyunithi yokugcina yedatha kulolu nqenqema olukhuphukayo lwe-clk. Ukuqhuma kokubhala kwe-ejenti kuyaphela.
Emfanekisweni ongenhla, isignali ye-startbursttransfer igonyelwa umjikelezo wewashi lokuqala lokuqhuma futhi ikhishwa kumjikelezo wewashi olandelayo. Noma ngabe i-ejenti igomela isicelo sokulinda, isiginali ye-startbursttransfer igonyelwa kuphela ngomjikelezo wewashi lokuqala.
Ulwazi Oluhlobene
I-Interface Properties ekhasini le-17

3.5.5.2. Funda i-Bursts
Ukuqhuma kokufunda kufana nokudluliswa kokufunda okufakwe ngamapayipi okune-latency eguquguqukayo. Ukuqhuma kokufunda kunekheli elihlukile nezigaba zedatha. i-readdatavalid ibonisa lapho i-ejenti yethula idatha yokufunda evumelekile. Ngokungafani nokudluliswa kokufunda okuhamba ngamapayipi, ikheli elifundeka kalula liphumela ekudlulisweni kwedatha okuningi.

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Le mithetho isebenza ekuqhumeni kokufunda:
· Uma umsingathi exhuma ngqo kumenzeli, inani elikhulayo le kusho ukuthi i-ejenti kumele ibuye amagama e-readdata ukuqedela ukuqhuma. Ezimeni lapho i-interconnect ixhumanisa umsingathi kanye nama-ejenti abhangqiwe, ukuxhumana kungase kucindezele imiyalo yokufunda ethunyelwa isuka kumsingathi iye kumenzeli. Okwesiboneloample, uma umsingathi ethumela umyalo ofundwayo onenani elilinganiselwa ku-0, ukuxhumana kungase kucindezele ukufundwa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-ejenti ayiphenduli emyalweni ofundiwe.
· I-ejenti yethula igama ngalinye ngokunikeza idatha efundwayo futhi igomela ukuthi idatha efundwayo ivumelekile umjikelezo. Ukuqinisekiswa kokulibaziseka kokufunda okuvumelekile kodwa akunqamuli isigaba sedatha yokuqhuma.
· Ukuze kufundwe nge-burstcount > 1, i-Intel incoma ukugomela konke okungaba khona.

Qaphela:

I-Intel incoma ukuthi ama-ejenti akwazi ukuqhuma angabi nayo imiphumela emibi yokufunda. (Lokhu kucaciswa akuqinisekisi ukuthi mangaki amabhayithi umsingathi afunda kumenzeli ukuze anelise isicelo.)

Umfanekiso 15.

Funda u-Burst

Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa isistimu enabasingathi ababili abafufusayo abafinyelela i-ejenti. Qaphela ukuthi Umsingathi B uyakwazi ukushayela

isicelo esifundiwe ngaphambi kokuthi idatha ibuyiselwe ku-Host A.

clk

ikheli A0 (Host A) A1 Host (B)

funda

i-startbursttransfer

isicelo sokulinda

ukuqhuma

i-readdatavalid

funda idatha

D(A0)D(A0+1) D(A0+2D)(A0+3)D(A1)D(A1+1)

Izinombolo kulo mdwebo wesikhathi, maka izinguquko ezilandelayo:
1. Ikheli le-Host A asserts (A0), i-burst count, futhi lifunde ngemva konqenqema olukhuphukayo lwe-clk. Umenzeli ugomela ngesicelo sokulinda, okubangela ukuthi konke okokufaka ngaphandle kwe-startbursttransfer kubanjwe njalo ngomunye umjikelezo wewashi.
2. I-ejenti ithwebula u-A0 kanye ne-burst count kulo mkhawulo okhuphukayo we-clk. Ukudlulisa okusha kungase kuqale emjikelezweni olandelayo.
3. Ikheli le-Host B yokushayela (A1), i-burstcount, nokufunda. Umenzeli ugomela ngesicelo sokulinda, okwenza konke okokufaka ngaphandle kwe-startbursttransfer kubanjwe njalo. I-ejenti ibingase ibuyise idatha efundiwe esicelweni sokuqala esifundwe ngalesi sikhathi, ngokushesha.

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4. I-ejenti yethula idatha efundwayo evumelekile futhi igomela ukuthi idatha efundwayo ivumelekile, idlulisela igama lokuqala ledatha kumsingathi u-A.
5. Igama lesibili likasokhaya A liyadluliswa. I-ejenti yamadesi efundwayo ivumelekile ukumisa ukuqhuma okufundiwe. Imbobo ye-ejenti ingagcina i-readdatavalid dessered ingagcwalisiwe ngenani elithile lemijikelezo yewashi.
6. Igama lokuqala likasokhaya B liyabuya.
3.5.5.3. I-LineWrapped Bursts
Amaphrosesa anenqolobane yemiyalelo azuza ukusebenza kahle ngokusebenzisa ukuqhuma okugoqwe ngomugqa. Uma iphrosesa icela idatha engekho kunqolobane, isilawuli senqolobane kufanele sigcwalise kabusha wonke ulayini wenqolobane. Kuphrosesa enosayizi womugqa wenqolobane wamabhayithi angu-64, ukuphuthelwa kwenqolobane kubangela ukuba amabhayithi angu-64 afundwe kumemori. Uma iphrosesa ifunda kusuka ekhelini elithi 0xC lapho kwenzeka iphutha lenqolobane, isilawuli senqolobane esingasebenzi kahle singakhipha ukuqhuma ekhelini elingu-0, okuholela kudatha evela kumakheli afundwayo 0x0, 0x4, 0x8, 0xC, 0x10, 0x14, 0x18, . . . 0x3c. Idatha eceliwe ayitholakali kuze kube kufundwa okwesine. Ngokuqhuma komugqa, i-oda lekheli lithi 0xC, 0x10, 0x14, 0x18, . . . 0x3C, 0x0, 0x4, kanye no-0x8. Idatha eceliwe ibuyiselwa kuqala. Wonke ulayini wenqolobane ekugcineni ugcwaliswa kabusha kusuka kumemori.
3.5.6. Funda futhi Ubhale Izimpendulo
Kunoma yimuphi umenzeli we-Avalon-MM, imiyalo kufanele icutshungulwe ngendlela engenabungozi. Funda futhi ubhale izimpendulo ngokulandelana kwazo imiyalo eyamukelwe ngayo.
3.5.6.1. I-oda lomsebenzi we-Avalon-MM Funda futhi Ubhale Izimpendulo (Ababungazi nama-ejenti)
Kunoma yimuphi umsingathi we-Avalon-MM: · I-Avalon Interface Specifications iqinisekisa ukuthi iyala kumenzeli ofanayo.
finyelela i-ejenti nge-oda lokukhishwa komyalo, futhi i-ejenti iphendula ngokulandelana kokukhishwa komyalo. · Ama-ejenti ahlukene angathola futhi aphendule imiyalo ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo ekhishwa umsingathi. Uma kuphumelele, i-ejenti iphendula ngokohlelo lokukhishwa komyalo. · Izimpendulo (uma zikhona) zibuya ngohlelo lokukhishwa komyalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiyalo yokufunda noma yokubhala ingeyezisebenzi ezifanayo noma ezehlukene. · I-Avalon Interface Specifications ayiqinisekisi i-oda lomsebenzi phakathi kwababungazi abahlukahlukene.
3.5.6.2. I-Avalon-MM Funda futhi Ubhale Umdwebo Wesikhathi Wezimpendulo
Umdwebo olandelayo ubonisa ukwamukelwa komyalo kanye nokuhleleka kokukhishwa komyalo kwe-Avalon-MM yokufunda nokubhala izimpendulo. Ngenxa yokuthi izixhumanisi zokufunda nokubhala zabelana ngesignali yempendulo, isixhumi esibonakalayo asikwazi ukukhipha noma ukwamukela impendulo yokubhala kanye nempendulo efundiwe emjikelezweni ofanayo wewashi.
Funda izimpendulo, thumela impendulo eyodwa kudatha ngayinye efundiwe. Ubude bokuqhuma kokufunda kwe imiphumela ku izimpendulo.

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Bhala izimpendulo, thumela impendulo eyodwa kumyalo ngamunye wokubhala. Ukuqhuma kokubhala kubangela impendulo eyodwa kuphela. Ukusebenzelana komenzeli kuthumela impendulo ngemva kokwamukela ukudluliswa kokugcina kokubhala ngokuqhuma. Uma isixhumi esibonakalayo sihlanganisa isignali ye-writerresponsevalid, yonke imiyalo yokubhala kufanele igcwalise ngezimpendulo ezibhaliwe.

Umfanekiso 16. I-Avalon-MM Funda futhi Ubhale Izimpendulo Umdwebo Wesikhathi

clk

ikheli

funda

bhala

i-readdatavalid

ababhali abaphendulile

impendulo

3.5.6.2.1. I-minimumResponseI-Latency Time Diagram enedatha efundwayo evumelekile noma ephendulelwe isevalid

Ngokusebenzelana okunedatha efundwayo evumelekile noma i-writerresponsevalid, okuzenzakalelayo ubuncane be-onecycle minimumResponseLatency kungaholela ebunzimeni bokuvala isikhathi kubasingathi be-Avalon-MM.

Imidwebo yesikhathi elandelayo ibonisa ukuziphatha kwe-minimumResponseLatency yomjikelezo ongu-1 noma emi-2. Qaphela ukuthi ukubambezeleka kwangempela kwempendulo kungase futhi kube kukhulu kunenani elincane elivunyelwe njengoba le midwebo yesikhathi ibonisa.

Umfanekiso 17. Ubuncane bokuphendulaUkubambezeleka Kulingana Nomjikelezo Owodwa

clk funda
funda idatha evumelekile

Ukubambezeleka kwempendulo yomjikelezo ongu-1

Umfanekiso 18. Ubuncane bokuphendulaUkubambezeleka Kulingana Nemijikelezo emibili clk
funda imijikelezo emi-2 ubuncane beResponseLatency
funda idatha evumelekile

Ukuhambisana
Izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezinobuncane beResponseLatency obufanayo ziyasebenzisana ngaphandle kokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Uma umsingathi anenani eliphakeme le-ResponseLatency ephezulu kune-ejenti, sebenzisa amarejista epayipi ukuze unxephezele umehluko. Irejista yamapayipi kufanele

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bambezela ukufundwa kwedatha kumenzeli. Uma i-ejenti ine-minimumResponseLatency ephezulu kakhulu kunomsingathi, izixhumanisi zisebenzisana ngaphandle kokujwayela.

3.6. Ukuqondanisa Ikheli
I-interconnect isekela kuphela ukufinyelela okuqondisiwe. Umsingathi angakhipha kuphela amakheli ayimpinda yobubanzi bayo bedatha ngezimpawu. Umsingathi angabhala amagama ayingxenye ngokugomela okuthile okungaba khona. Okwesiboneloample, okulinganiselwe kokubhala kwamabhayithi angu-2 ekhelini elithi 2 ngu-4'b1100.

3.7. Ikheli le-Avalon-MM

Ukulinganisa kwebhasi okunamandla kulawula idatha ngesikhathi sokudlulisa phakathi kwamapheya omenzeli wosokhaya anobubanzi bedatha obuhlukahlukene. Idatha yomenzeli iqondaniswe ngamabhayithi asondelene esikhaleni sekheli lomsingathi.

Uma ububanzi bedatha yomsingathi bubanzi kunobubanzi bedatha yomenzeli, amagama kumephu yesikhala sekheli lendawo ezindaweni eziningi endaweni yekheli le-ejenti. Okwesiboneloample, umsingathi we-32-bit ofundwe kumenzeli we-16-bit kuphumela ekudlulisweni okubili okufundiwe ohlangothini lwe-ejenti. Okufundwayo kungamakheli alandelanayo.

Uma umsingathi emincane kune-ejenti, khona-ke ukuxhumana kuzophatha imizila ye-ejenti yebhayithi. Ngesikhathi sokudlulisa ukufunda komsingathi, i-interconnect yethula kuphela imizila yebhayithi efanelekile yedatha ye-ejenti kumsingathi omncane. Ngesikhathi sokudlulisa bhala umsingathi, ukuxhumana
igomela ngokuzenzakalelayo amasiginali angakwazi ukubhala idatha kuphela emigwaqweni eshiwo ye-ejenti ye-byte.

Ama-ejenti kufanele abe nobubanzi bedatha obungu-8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 noma 1024 bits. Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa ukuqondana kwedatha ye-ejenti yobubanzi obuhlukahlukene ngaphakathi komsingathi ongu-32-bit owenza ukufinyelela kwamagama agcwele. Kuleli thebula, OFFSET[N] ibhekisela kusayizi wegama lomenzeli osuselwe esikhaleni sekheli somenzeli.

Ithebula 12. Ukulinganisa Usayizi Webhasi Lokusingathwa-kuya-kumenzeli

Ikheli Le-Byte Yomsingathi (1)

Ukufinyelela

0x00

0x04

0x08

32-Bit Idatha Yokusingatha

Lapho Ufinyelela Isixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli we-8-Bit

Lapho Ufinyelela Isixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli we-16-Bit

OFFSET[0]7..0

OFFSET[0]15..0 (2)

OFFSET[1]7..0 OFFSET[2]7..0 OFFSET[3]7..0

OFFSET[1]15..0 — —

OFFSET[4]7..0

OFFSET[2]15..0

OFFSET[5]7..0 OFFSET[6]7..0 OFFSET[7]7..0

OFFSET[3]15..0 — —

OFFSET[8]7..0

OFFSET[4]15..0

OFFSET[9]7..0

OFFSET[5]15..0

Lapho Ufinyelela I-64-Bit Agent Interface OFFSET[0]31..0 — — —
OFFSET[0]63..32 — — —
OFFSET[1]31..0 —
waqhubeka...

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Ikheli Le-Byte Yomsingathi (1)

Ukufinyelela

Lapho Ufinyelela Isixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli we-8-Bit

32-Bit Idatha Yokusingatha
Lapho Ufinyelela Isixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli we-16-Bit

OFFSET[10]7..0

—

OFFSET[11]7..0

—

0x0c

OFFSET[12]7..0

OFFSET[6]15..0

OFFSET[13]7..0

OFFSET[7]15..0

OFFSET[14]7..0

—

4 Njalo njalo

OFFSET[15]7..0 Njalo njalo

- Njalo njalo

Amanothi: 1. Nakuba umsingathi ekhipha amakheli e-byte, umsingathi ufinyelela amagama agcwele angu-32-bit. 2. Kuwo wonke ama-ejenti afakiwe, [ ] igama elithi offset futhi amanani okubhalisa ayizingcezu zegama.

Lapho Ufinyelela Isixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli we-64-Bit — —
OFFSET[1]63..32 — — — Futhi nokunye

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4. Avalon Interface Interface
I-Avalon Interrupt interface ivumela izingxenye ze-ejenti ukuthi zisayine imicimbi ukuze isingathe izingxenye. Okwesiboneloample, isilawuli se-DMA singaphazamisa iphrosesa ngemva kokuqeda ukudluliswa kwe-DMA.

4.1. Phazamisa Umthumeli
Umthumeli ophazamisayo ushayela isignali yokuphazamiseka eyodwa kumamukeli ophazamisayo. Isikhathi sesignali ye-irq kufanele sivumelane nonqenqema olukhuphukayo lwewashi elihlobene nayo. I-irq ayinabo ubudlelwano nanoma yikuphi ukudluliswa kunoma yisiphi esinye isixhumi esibonakalayo. i-irq kumele igonyelwe kuze kube yamukelwe kusixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli we-Avalon-MM.
Iziphazamiso ziyingxenye ethile. Umamukeli ngokuvamile unquma impendulo efanele ngokufunda irejista yesimo ephazamisayo kusukela kusixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli we-Avalon-MM.

4.1.1. I-Avalon Phakamisa Izindima Zesiginali Yomthumeli

Ithebula 13. Phakamisa Izindima Zesiginali Yomthumeli

Indima Yesiginali

Ububanzi

Isiqondiso

Kudingeka

irq irq_n

1-32

Okukhiphayo

Yebo

Incazelo
Phakamisa isicelo. Umthumeli ophazamisayo ushayela isignali ephazamisayo kumamukeli ophazamisayo.

4.1.2. Phakamisa Izakhiwo Zomthumeli

Ithebula 14. Phakamisa Izakhiwo Zomthumeli

Igama Lesakhiwo

Inani elizenzakalelayo

Izimiso Zomthetho

Incazelo

ezihlobeneAddressabl

N/A

ePoint

Iwashi elihlobene

N/A

Igama lomenzeli we-Avalon-MM kule ngxenye.
Igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo sewashi kulokhu
ingxenye.

Igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo somenzeli we-Avalon-MM esinikeza ukufinyelela kumarejista ukuze isevisi yokuphazamiseka.
Igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo sewashi lapho lo mthumeli ophazamisayo ehambisana khona. Umthumeli nomamukeli bangase babe namanani ahlukene alesi sakhiwo.

okuhlobene Setha kabusha

N/A

Igama lokusetha kabusha

Igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo sokusetha kabusha lokhu kuphazamisa kuso

interface kulokhu

umthumeli uyavumelana.

ingxenye.

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4.2. Phakamisa umamukeli
I-interface yomamukeli ophazamisayo ithola iziphazamiso ezivela kuzixhumi eziphazamisayo zomthumeli. Izingxenye ezinosingathi we-Avalon-MM zingabandakanya umamukeli ophazamisayo ukuze kutholwe iziphazamiso ezigonyelwa izingxenye ze-ejenti ezinokuhlangana komthumeli okuphazamisayo. Umamukeli ophazamisayo wamukela izicelo eziphazamisayo ezivela kumthumeli ngamunye ophazamisayo njengento ehlukile.

4.2.1. Izindima Zesiginali Yesamukeli Se-Avalon

Ithebula 15. Phakamisa Izindima Zesiginali Yomamukeli

Indima Yesiginali

Ububanzi

Isiqondiso

Kudingeka

irq

Okokufaka

Yebo

Incazelo
irq ngi -bit vector, lapho ibhithi ngalinye lihambisana ngokuqondile nomthumeli oyedwa we-IRQ ngaphandle kokuqagela okungokwemvelo kokubalulekile.

4.2.2. Phakamisa Izakhiwo Zomamukeli

Ithebula 16. Phakamisa Izakhiwo Zomamukeli

Igama Lesakhiwo

Inani elizenzakalelayo

Izimiso Zomthetho

Incazelo

ehambisanaIphuzu Elingaphendulwa

N/A

Igama Legama le-interface ye-Avalon-MM host elisetshenziswa

Isevisi ye-Avalon-MM iphazamisekile etholiwe kulesi sikhombimsebenzisi.

umsingathi

esibonakalayo

Iwashi elihlobene

N/A

Igama legama le-interface ye-Avalon Clock lapho lokhu

I-Avalon

umamukeli ophazamisayo uyavumelana. Umthumeli kanye

Iwashi

umamukeli angase abe namanani ahlukene alesi sakhiwo.

esibonakalayo

okuhlobene Setha kabusha

N/A

Igama legama Igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo sokusetha kabusha lokhu kuphazamisa kuso

I-Avalon

umamukeli uyavumelana.

Setha kabusha

esibonakalayo

4.2.3. Phakamisa Isikhathi

Umsingathi we-Avalon-MM uhlinzeka ngokuphazamiseka okungu-0 okubalulekile ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka koku-1 okubalulekile.

Umfanekiso 19.

Phakamisa Isikhathi

Emfanekisweni olandelayo, ukuphazamisa okuthi 0 kunokubaluleka okuphezulu. Umamukeli ophazamisayo usenqubweni yokuphatha int1

lapho int0 igonyelwa. Isibambi se-int0 sibizwa futhi siyaqeda. Bese, isibambi se-int1 siqala kabusha. I

umdwebo ukhombisa amadesethi e-int0 ngesikhathi 1. amadeski e-int1 ngesikhathi 2.

clk

Izicelo ze-int0 zomuntu ngamunye
ibe 1

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5. I-Avalon Streaming Interfaces

Ungasebenzisa izixhumanisi ze-Avalon Streaming (Avalon-ST) zezingxenye ezishayela umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, idatha engaqondile. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi ukusakaza okuphindaphindiwe, amaphakethe, nedatha ye-DSP. Amasiginali wokuxhumana we-Avalon-ST angachaza izixhumanisi zokusakaza ezivamile ezisekela ukusakaza okukodwa kwedatha ngaphandle kolwazi lwamashaneli noma imingcele yephakethe. Isixhumi esibonakalayo singase futhi sisekele amaphrothokholi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu akwazi ukuqhuma kanye nokudluliselwa kwephakethe ngamaphakethe axhumene eziteshini eziningi.

Qaphela:

Uma udinga isixhumi esibonakalayo sokusakaza idatha esisebenza kahle kakhulu, bheka I-Chapter 6 Avalon Streaming Credit Interfaces.

Umfanekiso 20. Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-ST - Isicelo Esijwayelekile se-Avalon-ST Interface

Ibhodi Lesifunda Eliphrintiwe I-Intel FPGA Avalon-ST Interfaces (Indiza Yedatha)

Isihleli

Okokufaka kwe-Avalon-ST

Rx IF Ingqikithi ch

Umthombo 0-2 Sink 1

I-Avalon-MM Interface (Indiza Yokulawula)

Umthombo

Tx IF Core Sink

Okukhiphayo kwe-Avalon-ST

I-Avalon-MM Host Interface
Iphrosesa

I-Avalon-MM Host Interface
IO Control

I-Avalon-MM Agent Interface
I-SDRAM Cntl
Inkumbulo ye-SDRAM

Yonke imithombo ye-Avalon-ST kanye nezixhumi ezibonakalayo azikwazi ukusebenzisana. Kodwa-ke, uma izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezimbili zinikeza imisebenzi ehambisanayo yesikhala sohlelo esifanayo, ama-adaptha ayatholakala ukuwavumela ukuthi asebenzisane.

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I-Avalon-ST interfaces isekela umzila wedatha odinga izici ezilandelayo:
· Ukubambezeleka okuphansi, ukudluliswa kwedatha kwephuzu kuya kwephuzu eliphezulu
· Isekela iziteshi eziningi ngokuhlangana kwephakethe okuguquguqukayo
· Isignali ye-sideband yesiteshi, iphutha, kanye nesiqalo nesiphetho sokuchazwa kwephakethe
· Ukusekelwa kokuqhuma kwedatha
· Automatic interface lithathelwe
5.1. Imigomo Nemiqondo
I-interface protocol ye-Avalon-ST ichaza imigomo nemiqondo elandelayo:
· Isistimu Yokusakaza ye-Avalon–Isistimu Yokusakaza ye-Avalon iqukethe uxhumano olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwe-Avalon-ST oludlulisa idatha isuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo iye kusixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki. Isistimu eboniswe ngenhla iqukethe ukuxhumana kwe-Avalon-ST ukuze kudluliswe idatha isuka kokokufaka kwesistimu iye kokuphumayo. Izixhumanisi zokulawula i-Avalon-MM kanye nerejista yesimo zihlinzeka ngokulawula isofthiwe.
· I-Avalon Streaming Components–Isistimu evamile esebenzisa i-Avalon-ST interface ihlanganisa amamojula asebenzayo amaningi, abizwa ngokuthi izingxenye. Umklami wesistimu umisa izingxenye futhi azixhume ndawonye ukuze asebenzise uhlelo.
· Umthombo kanye Nezixhumanisi Zokucwila Nezixhumi—Lapho izingxenye ezimbili zixhumeka, idatha igeleza isuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo iye kusinki esibonakalayo. I-Avalon Interface Specifications ibiza inhlanganisela yesixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo esixhuma kusixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki ngokuthi uxhumano.
· I-Backpressure–Backpressure ivumela usinki ukuthi usayine umthombo wokumisa ukuthumela idatha. Ukusekela i-backpressure kungokuzithandela. Isinki sisebenzisa i-backpressure ukumisa ukugeleza kwedatha ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Lapho usinki FIFOs ugcwele
- Uma kukhona ukuminyana esibonakalayo okukhiphayo
· Ukudluliswa kanye Nemijikelezo eLungileyo–Ukudlulisa kuholela kudatha nokulawula ukusakazeka kusuka kusixhumanisi somthombo kuya kusinki esibonakalayo. Ngokuxhumana kwedatha, umjikelezo olungile umjikelezo lapho usinki ungamukela ukudluliswa.
· Uphawu–Uphawu iyunithi encane yolwazi. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zephakethe, uphawu luyibhayithi. Uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu bakha iyunithi eyodwa yedatha edluliswa ngomjikelezo.
· Ishaneli–Ishaneli yindlela ebonakalayo noma enengqondo noma isixhumanisi lapho ulwazi ludlula phakathi kwamachweba amabili.
· I-Beat–A beat iwukudluliswa komjikelezo owodwa phakathi komthombo kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki esakhiwe uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu.
· Iphakethe–Iphakethe liwukuhlanganisa idatha kanye namasiginali okulawula adluliswa ngumthombo kanyekanye. Iphakethe lingaqukatha unhlokweni ukusiza amarutha namanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi aqondise iphakethe endaweni efanele. Uhlelo lokusebenza luchaza ifomethi yephakethe, hhayi lokhu kucaciswa. Amaphakethe e-Avalon-ST angahluka ngobude futhi angahlukaniswa phakathi kokuxhumana. Nge-interface ye-Avalon-ST, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphakethe kuyinketho.

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5.2. Izindima Zesiginali Yokusakaza Kwe-Avalon

Isignali ngayinye kumthombo wokusakaza we-Avalon noma isixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki sihambisana nendima yesignali yokusakaza ye-Avalon eyodwa. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokusakaza-bukhoma se-Avalon singaqukatha isibonelo esisodwa sendima yesiginali ngayinye. Zonke izindima zesignali yokusakaza ye-Avalon zisebenza kuyo yomibili imithombo namasinki futhi zinencazelo efanayo yakho kokubili.

Ithebula 17.

Izimpawu ze-Avalon Streaming Interface
Kuthebula elilandelayo, zonke izindima zesignali ziphezulu.

Indima Yesiginali

Ububanzi

Isiqondiso

Kudingeka

Incazelo

iphutha ledatha yesiteshi selilungile
kuvumelekile

1 128 1 8,192 1 256
1
1

Izimpawu Eziyisisekelo

Umthombo Sink

Cha

Inombolo yesiteshi yedatha edluliswayo

emjikelezweni wamanje.

Uma isixhumi esibonakalayo sisekela isignali yesiteshi, i

isixhumi esibonakalayo kufanele futhi sichaze ipharamitha ye-maxChannel.

Umthombo Sink

Cha

Isignali yedatha esuka emthonjeni iye kusinki,

ngokuvamile iphatha inqwaba yolwazi

dlulisiwe.

Amapharamitha aphinde achaze okuqukethwe kanye

ifomethi yesiginali yedatha.

Umthombo Sink

Cha

Imaski encane yokumaka amaphutha athinta idatha

idluliswa emjikelezweni wamanje. Kancane kancane

wesignali yephutha imaski ngalinye lamaphutha

ingxenye iyaqaphela. IphuthaDescriptor

ichaza izici zesignali yephutha.

Sink Source

Cha

Igomela phezulu ukukhombisa ukuthi usinki ungavuma

idatha. Okulungile kufakazelwa ngusinki ojikelezayo

ukumaka umjikelezo njengoba ngomumo

umjikelezo. Umthombo ungagomela kuphela futhi

dlulisa idatha phakathi nemijikelezo elungile.

Imithombo engenakho okokufaka okulungile ayikusekeli ukucindezela okubuyela emuva. Amasinki angenawo okukhiphayo okulungele awadingi ukucindezela emuva.

Umthombo Sink

Cha

Umthombo ugomela lesi siginali ukuthi ifanelekele zonke ezinye

umthombo wokucwila amasignali. Usinki sampidatha encane futhi

ezinye izimpawu zomthombo-kuya-kuzika emijikelezweni elungile

lapho kuqinisekiswa khona. Yonke eminye imijikelezo ikhona

indiva.

Imithombo engenakho okukhiphayo okuvumelekile ihlinzeka ngokungagunci ngedatha evumelekile kuwo wonke umjikelezo lapho usinki egomela ukucindezela okungemuva. Osinki ngaphandle kokufaka okuvumelekile balindele idatha evumelekile kuwo wonke umjikelezo abangabambisi emuva.

ayinalutho
endoffpacket startofpacket

1 10
1 1

Izimpawu Zokudlulisa Iphakethe

Umthombo Sink

Cha

Ikhombisa inombolo yezimpawu ezingenalutho,

okungukuthi, ungameli idatha evumelekile. Okungenalutho

isignali ayidingekile ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona

kuwuphawu olulodwa ngebhithi ngayinye.

Umthombo Sink

Cha

Kugonyelwa umthombo ukumaka ukuphela kwe-a

iphakethe.

Umthombo Sink

Cha

Kugonyelwa umthombo ukumaka ukuqala kwe

iphakethe.

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5.3. Ukulandelana Kwesiginali kanye Nesikhathi

5.3.1. I-synchronous Interface
Konke ukudluliselwa koxhumano lwe-Avalon-ST kwenzeka ngokuvumelanisa emaphethelweni akhuphukayo wesiginali yewashi ehlobene. Yonke imiphumela esuka esixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo kuya kusixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki, okuhlanganisa idatha, ishaneli, namasignali amaphutha, kufanele kubhaliswe emaphethelweni akhuphukayo ewashi. Okokufaka kusinki akudingekile ukuthi kubhaliswe. Ukubhalisa amasignali emthonjeni kusiza ukusebenza kwefrikhwensi ephezulu.
5.3.2. Iwashi Inika amandla
Izingxenye ze-Avalon-ST ngokuvamile azifaki okokufaka kokunika amandla iwashi. Ukusayinda kwe-Avalon-ST ngokwayo kwanele ukunquma imijikelezo ingxenye okufanele inikwe amandla futhi akufanele inikwe amandla. Izingxenye ezithobelayo ze-Avalon-ST zingase zibe nokufaka okunika amandla iwashi kungqondongqondo yazo yangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, izakhi ezisebenzisa iwashi elivumelayo kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi isikhathi sesixhumi esibonakalayo sihambisana nephrothokholi.

5.4. Izakhiwo ze-Avalon-ST Interface

Ithebula 18. Izakhiwo ze-Avalon-ST Interface

Iwashi lendawo elihlobene

Inani elizenzakalelayo
1

Izimiso Zomthetho
Isixhumi esibonakalayo sewashi

Incazelo
Igama le-interface ye-Avalon Clock lapho lesi sikhombimsebenzisi se-Avalon-ST sivunyelaniswa khona.

ehlobeneSetha kabusha i-beatsPerCycle

Setha kabusha

Igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Setha kabusha lapho lokhu

Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-ST siyavumelana.

1,2,4,8 Icacisa inani lamabhithi adluliswe kanye

umjikelezo. Lesi sakhiwo sikuvumela ukuthi udlulise ama-2 ahlukene,

kodwa imifudlana ehambisanayo isebenzisa okufanayo

ukuqala_kwephakethe, ukuphela_kwephakethe, kulungile futhi

izimpawu ezisebenzayo.

I-beatsPerCycle isici esingavamile ukusetshenziswa sephrothokholi ye-AvalonST.

IdathaBitsPerSymbol

1 512 Ichaza inani lamabhithi ngophawu ngalunye. Okwesiboneloample,

i-byte-oriented interface inezimpawu ezingu-8-bit. Leli nani

ayikhawulelwe ukuba amandla we-2.

engenaluthoNgaphakathiIphakethe

amanga

iqiniso, amanga Uma kuyiqiniso, akunalutho kuvumeleke kulo lonke iphakethe.

iphuthaDescriptor

Uhlu lwe

Uhlu lwamagama achaza iphutha elihlobene nalo

izintambo

ingxenye ngayinye yesiginali yephutha. Ubude bohlu kufanele

ifane nenani lamabhithi kusiginali yephutha.

Igama lokuqala ohlwini lisebenza ngendlela ephezulu kakhulu

kancane. Okwesiboneloample, “crc, chichima” kusho lokho kancane[1]

iphutha libonisa iphutha le-CRC. I-Bit[0] ikhombisa i

iphutha lokuchichima.

OkokuqalaSymbolInHigh OrderBits

iqiniso

iqiniso, amanga

Uma kuyiqiniso, uphawu lwe-oda lokuqala lushayelwa ezingxenyeni ezibaluleke kakhulu zesixhumi esibonakalayo sedatha. Uphawu lwe-oda eliphezulu kakhulu lubhalwe ukuthi D0 kulokhu kucaciswa. Uma lesi sici sisethelwe kumanga, uphawu lokuqala luvela kumabhithi aphansi. I-D0 ivela kudatha[7:0]. Ebhasini le-32-bit, uma kuyiqiniso, i-D0 ivela kumabhithi[31:24].
waqhubeka...

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Igama Lesakhiwo maxChannel readyLatency
readyAllowance(1)

Inani elizenzakalelayo
0 0
0

Amanani Asemthethweni 0 255
0 8
0 8

Incazelo
Isibalo esiphezulu samashaneli esingasekelwa isixhumi esibonakalayo sedatha.
Ichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kokugomela kwesignali elungile kanye nokugomela kwesignali evumelekile. If readyLatency = lapho okuthi n > 0, okusebenzayo kungagonyelwa kuphela imijikelezo ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi isilungile. OkwesiboneloampI-le, uma i-readyLatency = 1, lapho usinki uthi usulungile, umthombo udinga ukuphendula ngokugomela okuvumelekile okungenani umjikelezo ongu-1 ngemva kokubona ukugomela okulungele ukusuka kusinki.
Ichaza inani lokudluliswa okungathathwa usinki ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-dessert. Lapho i-readyAllowance = 0, usinki awukwazi ukwamukela noma yikuphi ukudluliselwa ngemuva kokuthi usulungile. If readyAllowance = lapho mkhulu kuno-0, usinki ungamukela kufikela Okudluliswayo ngemva kokuba usulungile.

Qaphela:

Uma ukhiqiza isixhumanisi sokusakaza se-Avalon esinomthombo wokusakaza we-Avalon/usinki wama-BFM noma izingxenye zangokwezifiso futhi lawa ma-BFM noma izingxenye zangokwezifiso zinezidingo ezihlukile ze-ReadLatency, Umklami Wenkundla uzofaka ama-adaptha kuxhumano olukhiqiziwe ukuze afakele umehluko we-readyLatency phakathi komthombo nosinki. Kulindeleke ukuthi umqondo wakho womthombo kanye nosinki unamathele ezicini zokuxhuma okukhiqizwayo.

5.5. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Okujwayelekile
Lesi sigaba sichaza ukudluliswa kwedatha kusuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo kuya kusixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki. Kuzo zonke izimo, umthombo wedatha kanye nesinki sedatha kufanele kuthobelane nencazelo. Isinki sedatha asinasibopho sokuthola amaphutha ephrothokholi yomthombo.

5.6. Imininingwane Yesiginali
Isibalo sibonisa amasiginali ahlanganisa i-Avalon-ST interfaces ngokuvamile. Isixhumi esibonakalayo esivamile somthombo we-Avalon-ST siyisa okuvumelekile, idatha, iphutha, namasignali esiteshi kusinki. Usinki ungafaka i-backpressure ngesignali elungile.

(1) · Uma readyLatency = 0, readyAllowance ingaba ngu-0 noma ibe nkulu kuno-0.
· Uma readyLatency > 0, readyAllowance kufanele ilingane noma ibe nkulu kune readyLatency.
· Uma umthombo noma usinki ungalichazi inani le-readyAllowance bese u-readyAllowance = readyLatency. Imiklamo ayidingi ukungezwa kwe-readyAllowance ngaphandle uma ufuna umthombo noma usinki uthathe i-advantage yalesi sici.

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Umfanekiso 21. Umthombo Wedatha Yezimpawu Zokuhlangana Ezivamile ze-Avalon-ST
isiteshi sephutha ledatha evumelekile

I-Data Sink ilungile

Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nalawa masignali:
· ready-Kuma-interface asekela ukucindezela okubuyela emuva, usinki ugomela ngokuthi ukulungele ukumaka imijikelezo lapho ukudluliselwa kungenzeka khona. Uma ilungile igonyelwa ngomjikelezo , umjikelezo kuthathwa njengomjikelezo olungile.
· valid–Isiginali evumelekile ifanelekela idatha evumelekile yanoma yimuphi umjikelezo ngokudluliswa kwedatha isuka emthonjeni iye kwezika. Kumjikelezo ngamunye osebenzayo usinki sampinciphisa isignali yedatha nomunye umthombo ukucwilisa amasignali.
· idatha–Isiginali yedatha ithwala inqwaba yolwazi oludluliswa lusuka emthonjeni luye kusinki. Isignali yedatha iqukethe uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu okudluliselwa kuwo wonke umjikelezo wewashi. Ipharamitha yedathaBitsPerSymbol ichaza ukuthi isignali yedatha ihlukaniswa kanjani ngezimpawu.
· iphutha–Kusignali yephutha, ibhithi ngalinye lihambisana nesimo sephutha okungenzeka sibe khona. Inani elingu-0 kunoma yimuphi umjikelezo libonisa idatha engenaphutha kulowo mjikelezo. Lokhu kucaciswa akuchazi isenzo esithathwa ingxenye uma kutholwa iphutha.
· isiteshi–Umthombo ushayela isignali yesiteshi ozikhethela yona ukuze ubonise ukuthi idatha ingeyakuphi isiteshi. Incazelo yesiteshi yesixhumi esibonakalayo esinikeziwe incike ohlelweni lokusebenza. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ishaneli ikhombisa inombolo yesixhumi esibonakalayo. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ishaneli ikhombisa inombolo yekhasi noma indawo yesikhathi. Uma kusetshenziswa isignali yesiteshi, yonke idatha edluliswayo kumjikelezo ngamunye osebenzayo ingeyesiteshi esifanayo. Umthombo ungase ushintshele esiteshini esihlukile emijikelezweni esebenzayo elandelanayo.
Izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezisebenzisa isignali yesiteshi kufanele zichaze ipharamitha ye-maxChannel ukuze ibonise ubuningi benombolo yesiteshi. Uma inani lamashaneli isixhumi esibonakalayo sisekela izinguquko ngokushintshashintshayo, i-maxChannel ibonisa inombolo enkulu isixhumi esibonakalayo esingasisekela.

5.7. Isakhiwo Sedatha

Umfanekiso 22.

Izimpawu Zedatha

Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa isignali yedatha engu-64-bit enedathaBitsPerSymbol=16. Uphawu 0 luningi kakhulu

uphawu olubalulekile.

48 47 32 31 16 15

uphawu 0 uphawu 1 uphawu 2 uphawu 3

I-interface ye-Avalon Streaming isekela kokubili izindlela ze-big-endian nezincane. Umfanekiso ongezansi uyi-example yemodi ye-big-endian, lapho i-Symbol 0 ikumabhithi e-oda eliphezulu.

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Umfanekiso 23.

Isakhiwo Sedatha
Umdwebo wesikhathi emfanekisweni olandelayo ubonisa i-32-bit examplapho i-dataBitsPerSymbol=8, kanye ne-beatsPerCycle=1.
clk
ngomumo
kuvumelekile

iphutha lesiteshi
data[31:24] data[23:16] data[15:8] data[7:0]

D10

D11

DA DE

D12

DB DF

D13

5.8. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha ngaphandle Kokucindezelwa Okungemuva

Ukudluliswa kwedatha ngaphandle kokucindezela kuyisisekelo sokudluliswa kwedatha ye-Avalon-ST. Kunoma imuphi umjikelezo wewashi onikeziwe, isixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo sishayela idatha kanye nesiteshi ozikhethela sona namasignali amaphutha, futhi ugomela ngokuthi kuvumelekile. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki sampkuncishiswe lawa masignali onqenqemeni olukhuphukayo lwewashi lesithenjwa uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi okuvumelekile.

Umfanekiso 24.

Ukudluliswa Kwedatha ngaphandle Kokucindezelwa Okungemuva

clk esebenzayo

idatha yephutha lesiteshi

I-D0 D1

I-D2 D3

5.9. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Nge-Backpressure
Usinki ugomela ngokuthi ulungele umjikelezo wewashi elilodwa ukuze ubonise ukuthi usulungele umjikelezo osebenzayo. Uma usinki usulungele idatha, umjikelezo uwumjikelezo olungile. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo olungile, umthombo ungagomela futhi unikeze idatha kusinki. Uma umthombo ungenayo idatha ongayithumela, amadesethi omthombo avumelekile futhi angashayela idatha kunoma yiliphi inani.
Izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezisekela i-backpressure zichaza ipharamitha ye-readyLatency ukuze ibonise inani lemijikelezo kusukela ngesikhathi okulungile okushiwo kuze kube yilapho idatha evumelekile ingaqhutshwa. Uma i-readyLatency ingeyona i-nonzero, jikeleza kuwumjikelezo olungile uma kugonyelwa ngomjikelezo .
Uma i-readyLatency = 0, ukudluliswa kwedatha kwenzeka kuphela uma isilungile futhi isebenza kuqinisekiswa ngomjikelezo ofanayo. Kule modi, umthombo awutholi isignali elungile yosinki ngaphambi kokuthumela idatha evumelekile. Umthombo uhlinzeka ngedatha neziqinisekiso ezivumelekile noma nini lapho umthombo unedatha evumelekile. Umthombo ulinda usinki ukuze uthwebule idatha bese ugomela ngomumo. Umthombo ungashintsha idatha noma kunini. Usinki uthwebula kuphela idatha yokufaka emthonjeni uma isilungile futhi isebenza kokubili kuyagonyelwa.

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Uma readyLatency >= 1, usinki ugomela ngokuthi usulungile ngaphambi komjikelezo olungile ngokwawo. Umthombo ungaphendula ngesikhathi somjikelezo olandelayo ngokugomela ukuthi kuvumelekile. Umthombo kungenzeka ungagomeli ukuthi uvumelekile phakathi nemijikelezo engakalungi.
I-readyAllowance ichaza inani lokudluliswa okungabanjwa usinki uma usulungile usuhlinziwe. Uma i-readyAllowance = 0, usinki awukwazi ukwamukela noma yikuphi ukudluliselwa ngemuva kokuthi usulungile. If readyAllowance = lapho n > 0, usinki ungamukela kuze kube Okudluliswayo ngemva kokuba usulungile.
5.9.1. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Ukusebenzisa i-readyLatency kanye ne-readyAllowance

Imithetho elandelayo iyasebenza lapho udlulisela idatha nge-readyLatency kanye ne-readyAllowance.
· Uma readyLatency ingu-0, readyAllowance ingaba nkulu noma ilingane no-0.
· Uma readyLatency ingaphezu kuka-0, readyAllowance ingaba nkulu noma ilingane ne-readyLatency.

Uma i-readyLatency = 0 kanye ne-readyAllowance = 0, ukudluliswa kwedatha kwenzeka kuphela lapho kokubili okulungile nokuvumelekile kuqinisekiswa. Kulesi simo, umthombo awutholi isignali elungile yosinki ngaphambi kokuthumela idatha evumelekile. Umthombo uhlinzeka ngedatha neziqinisekiso ezivumelekile noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka. Umthombo ulinda usinki ukuze uthwebule idatha bese ugomela ngomumo. Umthombo ungashintsha idatha noma kunini. Usinki uthwebula kuphela idatha yokufaka emthonjeni uma isilungile futhi isebenza kokubili kuyagonyelwa.

Umfanekiso 25. readyLatency = 0, readyAllowance = 0

When readyLatency = 0 and readyAllowance = 0 umthombo ungagomela ukuthi uvumelekile noma nini. Isinki sithwebula idatha emthonjeni kuphela uma isilungile = 1.

Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa lezi zehlakalo: 1. Kumjikelezo 1 umthombo unikeza idatha kanye nezigomela ezivumelekile. 2. Kumjikelezo wesi-2, usinki ugomela ngokuthi usulungile futhi ukudluliselwa kwe-D0. 3. Kumjikelezo wesi-3, ukudluliselwa kwe-D1. 4. Kumjikelezo wesi-4, usinki uthi ulungile, kodwa umthombo awushayeli idatha evumelekile. 5. Umthombo uhlinzeka ngedatha neziqinisekiso ezisebenza kumjikelezo wesi-6. 6. Kumjikelezo wesi-8, usinki ugomela ngokuthi usulungile, ngakho-ke i-D2 iyadluliswa. 7. Ukudluliselwa kwe-D3 kumjikelezo 9 kanye nokudluliselwa kwe-D4 ngomjikelezo 10.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 clk0

ngomumo

kuvumelekile

idatha

I-D0 D1

I-D3 D4

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Umfanekiso 26. readyLatency = 0, readyAllowance = 1

When readyLatency = 0 and readyAllowance = 1 usinki ungathwebula okunye ukudluliswa kwedatha ngemva kokulungela = 0.

Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa lezi zenzakalo: 1. Kumjikelezo woku-1 umthombo unikeza idatha futhi ugomela ngokusemthethweni kuyilapho usinki ethi ulungile. Ukudluliselwa kwe-D0. 2. I-D1 idluliselwa kumjikelezo wesi-2. 3. Kumjikelezo wesi-3, amadesethi aselungile, nokho kusukela ku-readyAllowance = 1 ukudlulisa okukodwa kuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke D2
ukudluliselwa. 4. Kumjikelezo wesi-5 kokubili okusebenzayo nokulungile, ngakho-ke ukudluliselwa kwe-D3. 5. Kumjikelezo wesi-6, amadesethi omthombo avumelekile, ngakho akukho ukudluliswa kwedatha. 6. Emjikelezweni wesi-7, ama-asserts asebenzayo nama-dessert alungile, nokho kusukela ku-readyAllowance = 1 ukudluliselwa okukodwa
kuvunyelwe, ngakho-ke ukudluliselwa kwe-D4.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 clk0

ngomumo

kuvumelekile

idatha

I-D0 D1 D2

I-D5 D6

Umfanekiso 27. readyLatency = 1, readyAllowance = 2

Uma i-readyLatency = 1 ne-readyAllowance = 2 isinki ingadlulisela idatha umjikelezo owodwa ngemva kokugomela okulungile, futhi imijikelezo emibili yokudlulisa ivunyelwe ngemva kwamadeskidi aselungile.

Umfanekiso olandelayo ukhombisa lezi zehlakalo: 1. Emjikelezweni 0 usinki uthi usulungile. 2. Kumjikelezo 1, umthombo uhlinzeka ngedatha neziqinisekiso ezivumelekile. Ukudlulisa kwenzeka ngokushesha. 3. Emjikelezweni wesi-3, amadesethi kasinki aselungile, kodwa umthombo usagomela ukuthi uvumelekile, futhi ushayela idatha evumelekile.
ngoba usinki ungathwebula idatha imijikelezo emibili ngemuva kwama-dessert alungile. 4. Kumjikelezo wesi-6, usinki uthi usulungile. 5. Kumjikelezo wesi-7, umthombo uhlinzeka ngedatha neziqinisekiso ezivumelekile. Le datha yamukelwe. 6. Emjikelezweni 10, usinki usulungile, kodwa umthombo uthi uvumelekile futhi ushayela idatha evumelekile ngoba
usinki ungathwebula idatha imijikelezo emibili ngemuva kwama-dessert alungile.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 clk0

ngomumo

kuvumelekile

idatha

D0 D1 D2 D3

I-D4 D5

I-D6 D7

Izidingo Zokujwayela Ithebula elilandelayo lichaza ukuthi imithombo kanye nosinki kudinga ukulungiswa.

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Ithebula 19. Izidingo Zokujwayela Umthombo/Sinki

readyLatency

readyAllowance

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo

Umthombo readyLatency = Sink Source readyAllowance =

readyLatency

Sink readyAllowance

Akukho ukulungisa okudingekayo: Usinki ungathwebula konke ukudluliselwa.

Umthombo u-readyAllowance > Sinki readyAllowance

Kudingeka ukuzivumelanisa nezimo: Ngemva kokuthi usulungile usukhishiwe, umthombo ungathumela ukudluliselwa okuningi kunalokho okungathathwa usinki.

Source readyAllowance < Sink readyAllowance

Akukho ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okudingekile: Ngemva kokuthi usulungile usukhishiwe, usinki ungathwebula ukudluliselwa okuningi kunalokho ongathunyelwa ngumthombo.

Umthombo readyLatency > Sink Source readyAllowance =

readyLatency

Sink readyAllowance

Akukho ukulungisa okudingekile: Ngemva kokuthi usulungile, umthombo uqala ukuthumela ngemva kwesikhathi esingakwazi ukuthwebula usinki. Ngemva kokuthi usulungile usukhishiwe, umthombo ungathumela ukudluliselwa okuningi ngendlela usinki ongathwebula ngayo.

Umthombo u-readyAllowance> I-Sink readyAllowance

Kudingeka ukuzivumelanisa nezimo: Ngemva kokuthi usulungile usukhishiwe, umthombo ungathumela ukudluliselwa okuningi kunalokho okungathathwa usinki.

Source readyAllowance< Sink readyAllowance

Akukho ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okudingekile: Ngemva kokuthi usulungile usukhishiwe, umthombo uthumela ukudluliselwa okumbalwa kunalokho okungathathwa usinki.

Umthombo ulungileLatency < SinkreadyLatency

Source readyAllowance = Sink readyAllowance

Kudingeka ukuzivumelanisa nezimo: Umthombo ungaqala ukuthumela ukudluliselwa ngaphambi kokuthi usinki uthwebule.

Umthombo u-readyAllowance> I-Sink readyAllowance

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyadingeka: Umthombo ungaqala ukuthumela ukudluliselwa ngaphambi kokuthi usinki uthwebule. Futhi, ngemva kokuthi usulungile usukhishiwe, umthombo ungathumela ukudluliselwa okuningi kunalokho okungathathwa usinki.

Source readyAllowance < Sink readyAllowance

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyadingeka: Umthombo ungaqala ukuthumela ukudluliselwa ngaphambi kokuthi usinki uthwebule.

5.9.2. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Ukusebenzisa readyLatency
Uma umthombo noma usinki ungalichazi inani le-readyAllowance bese-ke readyAllowance= readyLatency. Imiklamo esebenzisa umthombo nosinki ayidingi ukungezwa kwe-readyAllowance ngaphandle uma ufuna umthombo noma usinki uthathe i-advantage yalesi sici.

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Umfanekiso 28.

Dlulisa nge-Backpressure, readyLatency=0
Umfanekiso olandelayo ubonisa lezi zenzakalo:

1. Umthombo uhlinzeka ngedatha neziqinisekiso ezisebenza kumjikelezo 1, nakuba usinki ungakalungi.

2. Umthombo ulinda kuze kube umjikelezo 2, lapho usinki ethi ulungile, ngaphambi kokudlulela kumjikelezo wedatha olandelayo.

3. Kumjikelezo wesi-3, umthombo ushayela idatha kumjikelezo ofanayo futhi usinki ulungele ukuthola idatha. Ukudlulisa kwenzeka ngokushesha.
4. Kumjikelezo wesi-4, usinki uthi ulungile, kodwa umthombo awushayeli idatha evumelekile.

012345678 cl

ngomumo

kuvumelekile

isiteshi

iphutha

idatha

I-D0 D1

I-D2 D3

Umfanekiso 29.

Dlulisa nge-Backpressure, readyLatency=1

Izibalo ezilandelayo zibonisa ukudluliswa kwedatha nge-readyLatency=1 kanye ne-readyLatency=2, ngokulandelanayo. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, ukulungele kushiwo ngaphambi komjikelezo olungile, futhi umthombo uphendula umjikelezo ongu-1 noma emi-2 kamuva ngokunikeza idatha nokugomela okuvumelekile. Uma i-readyLatency ingeyena u-0, umthombo kufanele udayidesethi uvumeleke emijikelezweni engalungile.
clk

ngomumo

kuvumelekile

isiteshi

iphutha

idatha

I-D0 D1

I-D2 D3 D4

Umfanekiso 30.

Dlulisa nge-Backpressure, readyLatency=2

clk

ngomumo

kuvumelekile

isiteshi

iphutha

idatha

I-D0 D1

I-D2 D3

5.10. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Yephakethe
Impahla yokudlulisa iphakethe ingeza usekelo lokudlulisa amaphakethe ukusuka kusixhumanisi esibonakalayo somthombo kuya kusixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki. Kuchazwa amasiginali amathathu engeziwe ukuze kuqalise ukudluliswa kwephakethe. Kokubili indawo yokuhlangana yomthombo nosinki kufanele ifake lawa masignali engeziwe ukuze asekele amaphakethe. Ungakwazi kuphela ukuxhuma imithombo kanye nosinki interface nge

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izakhiwo zephakethe elihambisanayo. Umklami Wengxenyekazi akangezi ngokuzenzakalelayo i-startofpacket , i-endofpacket, namasignali angenalutho kumthombo noma kusinki ukuxhumana okungabandakanyi la masignali.

Umfanekiso 31. Umthombo wedatha we-Avalon-ST Packet Interface Signals

I-Data Sink

ngomumo
kuvumelekile
isiteshi sephutha ledatha i-startofpacket
i-endoffpacket ayinalutho

5.11. Imininingwane Yesiginali
· startofpacket–Zonke izixhumanisi ezisekela ukudluliswa kwephakethe zidinga isignali ye-startofpacket. I-startofpacket imaka umjikelezo osebenzayo oqukethe ukuqala kwephakethe. Lesi siginali sitolikwa kuphela uma kugonyelwa okuvumelekile.
· I-endofpacket–Zonke izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezisekela ukudluliswa kwephakethe zidinga isignali ye-endofpacket. I-endofpacket imaka umjikelezo osebenzayo oqukethe ukuphela kwephakethe. Lesi siginali sitolikwa kuphela uma kugonyelwa okuvumelekile. I-startofpacket ne-endofpacket zingagonyelwa kumjikelezo ofanayo. Ayikho imijikelezo engenzi lutho edingekayo phakathi kwamaphakethe. Isignali ye-startofpacket ingalandela ngokushesha ngemva kwesignali ye-endofpacket yangaphambilini.
· empty–Isiginali engenalutho oyikhethayo ibonisa inani lezimpawu ezingenalutho phakathi nomjikelezo we-endofpacket. Usinki uhlola kuphela inani lokungenalutho phakathi nemijikelezo esebenzayo ene-endofpacket egonyelwe. Izimpawu ezingenalutho zihlale ziyizimpawu zokugcina kudatha, lezo ezithwalwa amabhithi e-oda eliphansi lapho firstSymbolInHighOrderBits = kuyiqiniso. Isignali engenalutho iyadingeka kuzo zonke izixhumi ezibonakalayo zephakethe isignali yazo yedatha ephethe uphawu lwedatha olungaphezu kolulodwa futhi enefomethi yephakethe yobude obuguquguqukayo. Usayizi wesiginali engenalutho kumabhithi uyisiyili[log2( )].

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5.12. Imininingwane Yephrothokholi

Ukudluliswa kwedatha yephakethe kulandela inqubo efanayo njengokudluliswa kwedatha okuvamile kanye nokwengezwa kwe-startofpacket, i-endofpacket, nokungenalutho.

Umfanekiso 32.

Ukudlulisa Iphakethe
Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa ukudluliswa kwephakethe le-17-byte lisuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo liye kusinki esibonakalayo, lapho readyLatency=0. Lo mdwebo wesikhathi ubonisa izehlakalo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukudluliswa kwedatha kwenzeka emijikelezweni 1, 2, 4, 5, kanye no-6, lapho kokubili okulungile nokuvumelekile kugonyelwa.

2. Phakathi nomjikelezo 1, i-startofpacket iyagonyelwa. Amabhayithi angu-4 okuqala ephakethe ayadluliswa.

3. Ngesikhathi somjikelezo wesi-6, i-endofpacket iyagonyelwa. elingenalutho linenani elingu-3. Leli nani libonisa ukuthi lesi ukuphela kwephakethe nokuthi izimpawu ezi-3 kwezingu-4 azinalutho. Kumjikelezo wesi-6, i-byte ye-oda eliphezulu, idatha[31:24] ishayela idatha evumelekile.

1234567 cl

ngomumo

kuvumelekile

i-startofpacket

endoffpacket

ayinalutho

isiteshi

000

iphutha

000

idatha[31:24]

I-D0 D4

I-D8 D12 D16

idatha[23:16]

I-D1 D5

I-D9 D13

idatha[15:8]

I-D2 D6

I-D10 D14

idatha[7:0]

I-D3 D7

I-D11 D15

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6. I-Avalon Streaming Credit Interfaces
Izixhumanisi ze-Avalon Streaming Credit ngezokusetshenziswa nezinto ezishayela umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, idatha engaqondile. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi ukusakaza okuphindaphindiwe, amaphakethe, nedatha ye-DSP. Amasiginali we-Avalon Streaming Credit angachaza izixhumanisi zokusakaza ezivamile ezisekela ukusakaza okukodwa kwedatha, ngaphandle kolwazi lwamashaneli noma imingcele yephakethe. Isixhumi esibonakalayo singase futhi sisekele amaphrothokholi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu akwazi ukuqhuma kanye nokudluliselwa kwephakethe ngamaphakethe axhumene eziteshini eziningi.
Yonke imithombo yekhredithi yokusakaza ye-Avalon kanye nezixhumi ezibonakalayo zokucwila azisebenziseki ngempela. Kodwa-ke, uma izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezimbili zinikeza imisebenzi ehambisanayo yesikhala sohlelo esifanayo, ama-adaptha ayatholakala ukuwavumela ukuthi asebenzisane.
Ungakwazi futhi ukuxhuma umthombo wekhredithi wokusakaza we-Avalon kusinki yokusakaza ye-Avalon nge-adaptha. Ngokufanayo, ungakwazi ukuxhuma umthombo wokusakaza we-Avalon kusinki ye-Avalon Streaming Credit nge-adaptha.
I-Avalon Streaming Credits interface isekela umzila wedatha odinga izici ezilandelayo:
· Ukubambezeleka okuphansi, ukudluliswa kwedatha kwephuzu kuya kwephuzu eliphezulu
· Isekela iziteshi eziningi ngokuhlangana kwephakethe okuguquguqukayo
· Isignali ye-sideband yesiteshi, iphutha, kanye nesiqalo nesiphetho sokuchazwa kwephakethe
· Ukusekelwa kokuqhuma kwedatha
· Izimpawu zomsebenzisi njengoba amasiginali ebhendi eseceleni echaza ukusebenza kwabasebenzisi

6.1. Imigomo Nemiqondo
Iphrothokholi yesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Streaming Credit ichaza imigomo nemiqondo elandelayo:
· I-Avalon Streaming Credit System– Uhlelo Lwekhredithi Yokusakaza Lwe-Avalon luqukethe uxhumo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwe-Avalon Streaming Credit oludlulisa idatha isuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo iye kusixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki.
· Izingxenye Zekhredithi Zokusakazwa kwe-Avalon– Uhlelo olujwayelekile olusebenzisa i-Avalon Streaming interface luhlanganisa amamojula amaningi asebenzayo, abizwa ngokuthi izingxenye. Umklami wesistimu umisa izingxenye futhi azixhume ndawonye ukuze asebenzise uhlelo.
· Umthombo kanye Nezikhombi Ezihlangene Nezixhumi—Lapho izingxenye ezimbili zixhunyiwe, amakhredithi ageleza esuka kusinki aye emthonjeni; futhi idatha igeleza isuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo iye kusixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki. Inhlanganisela yesixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo exhunywe kusixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki kubizwa ngokuthi uxhumano.
· Ukudlulisa– Ukudlulisa kuphumela kudatha nokulawula ukusakazeka kusuka esixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo kuya kusixhumi esibonakalayo. Ngokusebenzelana kwedatha, umthombo ungaqala ukudluliswa kwedatha kuphela uma unamakhredithi atholakalayo. Ngokufanayo, usinki ungamukela idatha kuphela uma inamakhredithi asele.

I-ISO 9001:2015 Ibhalisiwe

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· Uphawu–Uphawu iyunithi encane yolwazi. Uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu bakha iyunithi eyodwa yedatha edluliswa ngomjikelezo.
· I-Beat–A beat iwukudluliswa komjikelezo owodwa phakathi komthombo kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki esakhiwe uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu.
· Iphakethe–Iphakethe liwukuhlanganiswa kwedatha namasignali okulawula adluliswa ndawonye. Iphakethe lingaqukatha unhlokweni ukusiza amarutha namanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi aqondise iphakethe endaweni efanele. Ifomethi yephakethe ichazwa uhlelo lokusebenza, hhayi lokhu kucaciswa. Amaphakethe e-Avalon Streaming angashintshashintsha ngobude futhi angaphuma phakathi kokuxhumana. Ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Streaming Credit, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphakethe kuyinketho.

6.2. I-Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Izindima Zesiginali

Isignali ngayinye kumthombo wekhredithi wokusakaza we-Avalon noma isixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki sihambisana nendima yesignali ye-Avalon yokusakaza Yekhredithi. Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Streaming Credit singaqukatha isibonelo esisodwa sendima yesiginali ngayinye. Zonke izindima zesignali yekhredithi yokusakaza ye-Avalon zisebenza kuyo yomibili imithombo namasinki futhi zinencazelo efanayo kukho kokubili.

Ithebula 20. Izimpawu ze-Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Signals

Igama Lesignali

Isiqondiso

buyekeza

Kushona ku

umthombo

Ububanzi

isikweletu

Kushona ku

1-9

umthombo

Ongakukhetha / Kudingeka

Incazelo

Kudingeka

I-Sink ithumela isibuyekezo futhi umthombo ubuyekeza ikhawunta etholakalayo yekhredithi. I-Sink ithumela isibuyekezo emthonjeni lapho okwenziwayo kukhishwa ku-buffer yayo.
Isibali sekhredithi emthonjeni sikhuphuka ngenani lebhasi lesikweletu ukusuka kusinki ukuya emthonjeni.

Kudingeka

Ibonisa isikweletu esengeziwe esitholakala kusinki uma isibuyekezo sigonyelwa.
Leli bhasi liphethe inani elishiwo kusinki. Ububanzi bebhasi lesikweletu yi-ceilog2(MAX_CREDIT + 1). Usinki uthumela inani lesikweletu elitholakalayo kuleli bhasi elibonisa inani lemisebenzi elingayamukela. Umthombo uthwebula inani lekhredithi
kuphela uma isignali yokubuyekeza igonyelwa.

return_credit Umthombo kusinki engu-1

idatha ivumelekile
iphutha

Umthombo wokucwila
Umthombo wokucwila

1-8192 1

Umthombo wokucwila

1-256

Okudingekayo Kudingekile Kudingeka Ngokuzithandela

Kugonywe ngomthombo ukubuyisela ikhredithi engu-1 ekucwileni.
Qaphela: Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe, bheka Isigaba 6.2.3 Ukubuyisela Izikweletu.
Idatha ihlukaniswe ngezimpawu njengokuchazwa kwe-Avalon Streaming ekhona.
Kugonyelwa umthombo ukufaneleka kwawo wonke omunye umthombo ukucwilisa amasignali. Umthombo ungagomela ukuthi uvumelekile kuphela uma ikhredithi etholakalayo kuwo inkulu kuno-0.
Imaski encane esetshenziselwa ukumaka amaphutha athinta idatha edluliswayo kumjikelezo wamanje. Ibhithi elilodwa elinephutha lisetshenziselwa iphutha ngalinye elibonwa ingxenye, njengoba kuchazwe isici sephuthaDescriptor.
waqhubeka...

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Isiteshi segama lesiginali
I-endofpacket ye-startofpacket ayinalutho

Umthombo wesiqondiso sokucwila
Umthombo wokucwila Umthombo wokucwila Umthombo wokucwila
Umthombo wokucwila
Umthombo wokucwila

Ububanzi

Ongakukhetha / Kudingeka

Incazelo

1-128

Ongakukhetha

Inombolo yesiteshi yedatha edluliswayo emjikelezweni wamanje.
Uma isixhumi esibonakalayo sisekela isignali yesiteshi, kufanele futhi ichaze ipharamitha ye-maxChannel.

Izimpawu Zokudlulisa Iphakethe

Ongakukhetha

Kugonyelwa umthombo ukumaka isiqalo

yephakethe.

Ongakukhetha

Kugonyelwa umthombo ukumaka ukuphela kwe

iphakethe.

isilingi(log2(NUM_SYMBOLS)) Uma uthanda

Ibonisa inombolo yezimpawu ezingenalutho, okungukuthi, ezingamele idatha evumelekile. Isignali engenalutho ayisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusebenzelana lapho kunophawu olulodwa lwebhithi ngayinye.

Izimpawu Zomsebenzisi

1-8192

Ongakukhetha

Noma iyiphi inombolo yamasiginali womsebenzisi wephakethe ngalinye ingaba khona kumthombo kanye nezindawo zokungena zikasinki. Umthombo usetha inani lalesi siginali lapho
I-startofpacket iyagonyelwa. Umthombo akufanele uguqule inani lale siginali kuze kuqale iphakethe elisha. Imininingwane eyengeziwe iyingxenye Yesiginali Yomsebenzisi.

1-8192

Ongakukhetha

Noma iyiphi inombolo yezimpawu zomsebenzisi wophawu ngalunye ingaba khona emthonjeni nakusinki. Imininingwane eyengeziwe iyingxenye Yesiginali Yomsebenzisi.

6.2.1. I-synchronous Interface

Konke ukudluliselwa koxhumano lwe-Avalon Streaming kwenzeka ngokuvumelanisa emaphethelweni akhuphukayo wesiginali yewashi ehlobene. Yonke imiphumela esuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo kuya kusinki esibonakalayo,
okuhlanganisa idatha, ishaneli, namasignali amaphutha, kufanele kubhaliswe onqenqemeni olukhuphukayo lwewashi. Okokufaka kusinki akudingekile ukuthi kubhaliswe. Ukubhalisa amasignali emthonjeni kusiza ukusebenza kwe-high-frequency.

Ithebula 21. I-Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Properties

Igama Lesakhiwo

Inani elizenzakalelayo

Inani Lomthetho

Incazelo

Iwashi elihlobene

Iwashi

Igama le-interface ye-Avalon Clock lapho lokhu

esibonakalayo

Isikhombikubona sokusakaza se-Avalon siyavumelana.

okuhlobene Setha kabusha

Setha kabusha

Igama lesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Setha kabusha lapho lokhu

esibonakalayo

Isikhombikubona sokusakaza se-Avalon siyavumelana.

idathaBitsPerSymbol izimpawuPerBeat

1 8192

Ichaza inani lamabhithi ngophawu ngalunye. Okwesiboneloample,

i-byte-oriented interface inezimpawu ezingu-8-bit. Leli nani lithi

akukhawulelwe ukuba amandla 2.

1 8192

Inombolo yezimpawu ezidluliswa kuzo zonke

umjikelezo ovumelekile.

maxCredit

256

1-256

Inombolo enkulu yamakhredithi engasekelwa isixhumi esibonakalayo sedatha.
waqhubeka...

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Iphutha legama lesakhiwoDescriptor

Inani elizenzakalelayo
0

firstSymbolInHighOrderBits true

maxChannel

Inani Lomthetho

Incazelo

Uhlu lwezintambo

Uhlu lwamagama achaza iphutha elihlotshaniswa nencanyana ngayinye yesiginali yephutha. Ubude bohlu kufanele bufane nenani lamabhithi kusiginali yephutha. Igama lokuqala ohlwini lisebenza kubhithi ye-oda eliphezulu kakhulu. Okwesiboneloample, "crc, overflow" isho ukuthi kancane[1] kwephutha kubonisa iphutha le-CRC. I-Bit[0] ibonisa iphutha lokuchichima.

iqiniso, amanga

Inombolo enkulu yamashaneli isixhumi esibonakalayo sedatha

angasekela.

6.2.2. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha Okujwayelekile
Lesi sigaba sichaza ukudluliswa kwedatha kusuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo kuya kusixhumi esibonakalayo sikasinki. Kuzo zonke izimo, umthombo wedatha kanye nesinki sedatha kufanele kuthobelane nencazelo. Akuwona umsebenzi wosinki wedatha ukuthola amaphutha ephrothokholi yomthombo.
Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa amasiginali asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Streaming Credit.
Umfanekiso 33. Izimpawu Zekhredithi Ezijwayelekile Zokusakaza kwe-Avalon

Njengoba lesi sibalo sibonisa, isixhumi esibonakalayo somthombo wekhredithi wokusakaza we-Avalon sishayela idatha evumelekile, yephutha, namasignali wesiteshi kusinki. I-sink ishayela isibuyekezo nezimpawu zekhredithi.

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Umfanekiso 34. Ikhredithi Ejwayelekile kanye Nokudluliswa Kwedatha

Isibalo esingenhla sibonisa ikhredithi evamile kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha phakathi komthombo nosinki. Kungase kube nokulibaziseka okungenangqondo phakathi kwesibuyekezo esigomelayo sikasinki kanye nomthombo othola isibuyekezo. Ngokufanayo, kungase kube khona ukubambezeleka okungenasizathu phakathi kokuqinisekisa komthombo okuvumeleke kudatha kanye nokucwiliswa kokwamukela leyo datha. Ukubambezeleka kwendlela yesikweletu esuka kusinki iye emthonjeni kanye nendlela yedatha esuka emthonjeni iye ecwini akudingeki ilingane. Lokhu kubambezeleka kungase kube umjikelezo ongu-0 futhi, okungukuthi uma usinki ugomela ukuthi ubuyekeza, kubonakala umthombo kumjikelezo ofanayo. Ngokuphambene, lapho umthombo uthi uvumelekile, ubonwa usinki emjikelezweni ofanayo. Uma umthombo unamakhredithi anguziro, awukwazi ukugomela ukuthi uvumelekile. Amakhredithi adlulisiwe ayanqwabelana. Uma usinki udlulise amakhredithi alingana nempahla yawo ye-maxCredit, futhi ingakayitholi idatha, ayikwazi ukugomela isibuyekezo kuze kube yilapho ithola idatha okungenani engu-1 noma ithole i-return_credit pulse emthonjeni.
I-Sink ayikwazi ukucindezela idatha evela kumthombo uma usinki unikeze amakhredithi kumthombo, okungukuthi usinki kufanele wamukele idatha evela kumthombo uma kukhona amakhredithi asele. Umthombo awukwazi ukugomela ngokusemthethweni uma ungakayitholi ikhredithi noma uphelelwe ngamakhredithi atholiwe, okusho ukuthi usuthumele idatha esikhundleni samakhredithi atholiwe.
Uma umthombo unamakhredithi anguziro, umthombo awukwazi ukuqala ukudluliswa kwedatha ngomjikelezo ofanayo owamukela ngawo amakhredithi. Ngokufanayo, uma usinki udlulise amakhredithi alingana nempahla yawo ye-maxCredit futhi ithola idatha, usinki awukwazi ukuthumela isibuyekezo ngomjikelezo ofanayo njengoba wathola idatha. Le mikhawulo ibekwe ukuze kugwenywe izihibe ezihlangene ekusetshenzisweni.
6.2.3. Ukubuyisela Amakhredithi
Iphrothokholi yekhredithi yokusakaza ye-Avalon isekela isignali ye-return_credit. Lokhu kusetshenziswa umthombo ukubuyisela amakhredithi ekucwileni. Wonke umjikelezo le siginali iyagonyelwa, ibonisa ukuthi umthombo ubuyisela ikhredithi engu-1. Uma umthombo ufuna ukubuyisela amakhredithi amaningi, le siginali idinga ukugonyelwa imijikelezo eminingi. Okwesiboneloample, uma umthombo ufuna ukubuyisela amakhredithi ayi-10 asele, ugomela isignali ye-return_credit imijikelezo engu-10. I-Sink kufanele ilandele amakhredithi abuyisiwe ezibalini zayo zangaphakathi zokugcinwa kwekhredithi. Amakhredithi angabuyiswa ngomthombo nganoma isiphi isikhathi inqobo nje uma enamakhredithi angaphezu kuka-0.
Lesi sibalo esingezansi sibonisa amakhredithi omthombo abuyayo. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, i-outstanding_credit iyikhawunta yangaphakathi yomthombo. Uma umthombo ubuyisela amakhredithi, lesi sibali siyancishiswa.

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Umfanekiso 35. Umthombo Wezikweletu Ezibuyayo

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Qaphela:

Nakuba umdwebo ongenhla ubonisa ukubuyiswa kwamakhredithi lapho okuvumelekile kuncishisiwe, i-return_credit nayo ingagonyelwa kuyilapho kushiwo okuvumelekile. Kulokhu, umthombo usebenzisa ngempumelelo amakhredithi angu-2: elilodwa elivumelekile, nelilodwa nge-return_credit.

6.3. I-Avalon Streaming Credit User Signals
Amasiginali womsebenzisi angamasiginali ebhendi eseceleni ayinketho ageleza kanye nedatha. Zibhekwa njengezivumelekile kuphela uma idatha ivumelekile. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi amasiginali omsebenzisi awanayo incazelo noma inhloso echaziwe, ukuqaphela kufanele kusetshenziswe ngenkathi usebenzisa lezi zimpawu. Kuyisibopho somklami wesistimu ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ama-IP amabili axhumene namanye avumelana ngezindima zamasiginali womsebenzisi.
Kuhlongozwa izinhlobo ezimbili zamasiginali womsebenzisi: amasiginali womsebenzisi wophawu ngalunye kanye namasiginali womsebenzisi wephakethe ngalinye.
6.3.1. Isiginali Yomsebenzisi Ngophawu ngalunye
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, idatha ichaza isignali yomsebenzisi yophawu ngalunye (symbol_user) ngophawu ngalunye. Uphawu ngalunye kudatha lungaba nesignali yomsebenzisi. Okwesiboneloampi-le, uma inombolo yezimpawu kudatha ingu-8, futhi ububanzi be-symbol_user bungamabhithi angu-2, ububanzi obuphelele besignali_yomsebenzisi bungamabhithi angu-16.
I-Symbol_user isebenza kuphela uma idatha ivumelekile. Umthombo ungashintsha lesi siginali yonke imijikelezo lapho idatha ivumelekile. Usinki ungadelela inani le-symbol_user bits kumasimbuli angenalutho.
Uma umthombo onale siginali uxhumeke kusinki ongenayo le signali kusixhumi esibonakalayo sawo, isignali evela emthonjeni isala ilenga kuxhumano olukhiqiziwe.
Uma umthombo ongenayo le signali uxhumeke kusinki onale signali kusixhumi esibonakalayo, isignali yomsebenzisi wokufakwayo kasinki iboshela ku-0.
Uma kokubili umthombo nosinki kunenombolo elinganayo yezimpawu kudatha, lapho-ke amasignali omsebenzisi kukho kokubili kufanele abe nobubanzi obulinganayo. Uma kungenjalo, awakwazi ukuxhunywa.

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Uma umthombo obanzi uxhunywe kusinki omncane, futhi womabili anezimpawu zomsebenzisi wophawu ngalunye, khona-ke womabili kufanele abe namabhithi alinganayo esiginali yomsebenzisi ahlotshaniswa nophawu ngalunye. Okwesiboneloample, uma umthombo wezimpawu eziyi-16 unamabhithi angu-2 wesiginali yomsebenzisi ehlotshaniswa nophawu ngalunye (engqikithini yamabhithi angama-32 wesiginali yomsebenzisi), khona-ke usinki wezimpawu ezi-4 kufanele ube nesignali yomsebenzisi ebanzi engu-8 (amabhithi amabili ahlotshaniswa ne uphawu ngalunye). I-adaptha yefomethi yedatha ingaguqula idatha yomthombo wezimpawu eziyi-2 ibe idatha ye-sinki enezimpawu ezi-16, kanye nesignali yomsebenzisi engu-4-bit ibe isignali yomsebenzisi engu-32-bit. I-adaptha yefomethi yedatha igcina ukuhlotshaniswa kwezimpawu namabhithi esiginali yomsebenzisi ahambisanayo.
Ngokufanayo, uma umthombo omncane uxhunywe kusinki obanzi, futhi womabili anezimpawu zomsebenzisi wophawu ngalunye, khona-ke womabili kufanele abe nezingcezu ezilinganayo zesiginali yomsebenzisi ehlotshaniswa nophawu ngalunye. Okwesiboneloample, uma umthombo wezimpawu ezi-4 unamabhithi angu-2 wesiginali yomsebenzisi ehlotshaniswa nophawu ngalunye (engqikithini yamabhithi angu-8 esiginali yomsebenzisi), khona-ke usinki wezimpawu eziyi-16 kufanele ube nesignali yomsebenzisi ebanzi engamabhithi angu-32 (amabhithi amabili ahlobene uphawu ngalunye). I-adaptha yefomethi yedatha ingaguqula idatha yomthombo wezimpawu ezingu-2 ibe idatha ye-sinki enezimpawu ezingu-4, kanye nesignali yomsebenzisi engu-16-bit ibe isignali yomsebenzisi engu-8-bit. I-adaptha yefomethi yedatha igcina ukuhlotshaniswa kwezimpawu namabhithi esiginali yomsebenzisi ahambisanayo. Uma iphakethe lincane kunesilinganiso sobubanzi bedatha, i-adaptha yefomethi yedatha isetha inani lokungenalutho ngokufanele. Usinki kufanele unganaki inani lamabhithi omsebenzisi ahlobene nezimpawu ezingenalutho.
6.3.2. I-Per-Packet User Signal
Ngokungeziwe ku-symbol_user, amasiginali womsebenzisi wephakethe ngalinye (packet_user) nawo angamenyezelwa kusixhumi esibonakalayo. I-Packet_user ingaba nobubanzi obungalingani. Ngokungafani ne-symbol_user, i-packet_user kufanele ihlale ingashintshi kulo lonke iphakethe, okusho ukuthi inani layo kufanele lisethwe ekuqaleni kwephakethe futhi kufanele lihlale linjalo kuze kube sekupheleni kwephakethe. Lo mkhawulo wenza ukusetshenziswa kwe-adaptha yefomethi yedatha kube lula njengoba ususa inketho yokuphindaphinda noma ukusika (umthombo obanzi, usinki omncane) noma ukuhlanganisa (umthombo omncane, usinki obanzi) packet_user.
Uma umthombo une-packet_user futhi usinki ungenawo, i-packet_user emthonjeni uhlala elenga. Esimeni esinjalo, umklami wesistimu kufanele aqaphele futhi angadlulisi noma yiluphi ulwazi olubalulekile lokulawula kule siginali njengoba ishaywa indiva ngokuphelele noma ingxenye.
Uma umthombo ungenalo iphakethe_umsebenzisi futhi usinki unalo, iphakethe_lomsebenzisi okufanele usike liboshwe ku-0.

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7. I-Avalon Conduit Interfaces

Qaphela:

I-Avalon Conduit interface ihlanganisa iqoqo lamasiginali elingafanele. Ungacacisa noma iyiphi indima yamasiginali wepayipi. Kodwa-ke, uma uxhuma amapayipi, izindima nobubanzi kufanele kufane, futhi izikhombisi-ndlela kufanele zihluke. Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Conduit singabandakanya okokufaka, okukhiphayo, namasiginali okuqondisa kabili. Imojuli ingaba nezixhumi ezibonakalayo eziningi ze-Avalon Conduit ukuze inikeze ukuqoqwa kwesignali okunengqondo. Izixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-conduit zingadalula iwashi elihlobene. Lapho izixhumanisi ze-conduit ezixhunyiwe zizizinda zewashi ezihlukene, Umklami Wenkundla ukhiqiza umlayezo wephutha.
Uma kungenzeka, kufanele usebenzise izixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-Avalon-MM noma ze-Avalon-ST esikhundleni sokudala isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon Conduit. I-Platform Designer inikeza ukuqinisekiswa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zalezi zokuxhumana. Umklami Wenkundla akakwazi ukunikeza ukuqinisekiswa noma ukuzivumelanisa nezixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-Avalon Conduit.
Izixhumi ezibonakalayo ze-conduit ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukushayela amasiginali wedivayisi angaphandle kwe-chip, njengekheli le-SDRAM, idatha namasignali okulawula.

I-ISO 9001:2015 Ibhalisiwe

7. I-Avalon Conduit Interfaces 683091 | 2022.01.24

Umfanekiso 36. Gxila ku-Conduit Interface

I-Ethernet PHY

Uhlelo lwe-Avalon-MM
Iphrosesa ye-Avalon-MM
Umsingathi

I-Ethernet MAC
Umphathi we-Avalon-MM

I-Custom Logic
Umphathi we-Avalon-MM

I-System Interconnect Fabric

Umenzeli we-Avalon-MM
Isilawuli se-SDRAM

Umenzeli we-Avalon
I-Custom Logic

I-Conduit Interface
Inkumbulo ye-SDRAM

Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza

Intel MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface [pdf] Imaniwali yosebenzisayo
MNL-AVABUSREF, Avalon Interface, MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

Izithenjwa

Imaniwali yosebenzisayo

I-MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza

Izithenjwa

Shiya amazwana

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