intel AN 829 PCI Express* I-Avalon MM DMA Reference Design

AN 829: PCI Express* Avalon®-MM DMA Reference Design

Isingeniso

I-PCI Express* Avalon® Memory-Mapped (Avalon-MM) Direct Memory Access (DMA) Reference Design ibonisa ukusebenza kwe-Intel® Arria® 10, Intel Cyclone® 10 GX, ne-Intel Stratix® 10 Hard IP ye-PCIe* kusetshenziswa. isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-MM kanye nesilawuli se-DMA esishumekiwe, esisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Idizayini ihlanganisa umshayeli wesofthiwe ye-Linux ukuze usethe ukudluliselwa kwe-DMA. I-DMA efundiwe ihambisa idatha isuka kumemori yohlelo iye ku-chip noma kumemori yangaphandle. I-DMA ebhalayo ihambisa idatha isuka ku-chip noma kumemori yangaphandle iye kumemori yohlelo. Umshayeli wesoftware ye-Linux futhi ukala ukusebenza kwesistimu. Lo mklamo oyisithenjwa ukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kwephrothokholi ye-PCIe ekusebenziseni isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Avalon-MM nge-DMA eshumekiwe, esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Umfanekiso 1: PCIe Avalon-MM DMA Reference Design Block DiagramLo mdwebo webhulokhi ubonisa kokubili inkumbulo eku-chip nezinketho zememori yangaphandle.

Amanothi:

1. I- Write Mover idlulisela idatha isuka esizindeni sendawo iye esizindeni somsingathi
2. I-Read Mover idlulisela idatha isuka esizindeni somsingathi iye esizindeni sendawo

Inkampani ye-Intel Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe. I-Intel, ilogo ye-Intel, nezinye izimpawu ze-Intel yizimpawu zokuthengisa ze-Intel Corporation noma izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo. I-Intel iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-FPGA yayo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-semiconductor ekucacisweni kwamanje ngokuvumelana newaranti evamile ye-Intel, kodwa igodla ilungelo lokwenza izinguquko kunoma imiphi imikhiqizo namasevisi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kwesaziso. I-Intel ayithathi mthwalo noma isikweletu esivele ngenxa yesicelo noma ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiluphi ulwazi, umkhiqizo, noma isevisi echazwe lapha ngaphandle kwalapho okuvunyelwene ngakho ngokubhaliwe yi-Intel. Amakhasimende e-Intel ayelulekwa ukuthi athole inguqulo yakamuva yokucaciswa kwedivayisi ngaphambi kokuthembela kunoma yiluphi ulwazi olushicilelwe nangaphambi kokufaka ama-oda emikhiqizo noma amasevisi.

• Amanye amagama namabhrendi angafunwa njengempahla yabanye.

Ulwazi Oluhlobene

• I-Intel Stratix 10 Avalon-MM Interface ye-PCIe Solutions User Guide
• I-Intel Arria 10 noma i-Intel Cyclone 10 Avalon-MM DMA Interface ye-PCIe Solutions User Guide
• I-PCI Express Base Specification Revision 3.0

I-DMA Reference Design Hardware kanye Nezidingo zeSoftware

Izidingo ze-Hardware
Idizayini yesithenjwa isebenza kula makhithi okuthuthukisa alandelayo:

• I-Intel Arria 10 GX FPGA Development Kit
• Intel Cyclone 10 GX FPGA Development Kit
• Intel Stratix 10 FPGA Development Kit
• Idizayini yesithenjwa idinga amakhompyutha amabili:
• Ikhompyutha ene-PCIe Gen3 x8 noma i-x16 slot esebenzisa i-Linux. Le khompyutha inombolo yekhompyutha 1.
• Ikhompyutha yesibili ene-Intel Quartus® Prime software version 18.0 ifakiwe. Le khompyutha ilanda Into ye-FPGA SRAM File (.sof) ku-FPGA kukhithi yokuthuthukisa. Le khompyutha inombolo yekhompyutha 2.

Izidingo Zesoftware

• Isofthiwe ye-reference design efakwe enombolweni yekhompyutha 1. Imiklamo yereferensi iyatholakala ku-Intel FPGA Design Store. I-Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition Platform Archive File (.par) ifaka phakathi okunconyiwe kwesethingi, isilinganisi, nezilungiselelo zokuhlaziya isikhathi zamapharamitha acaciswe kumiklamo yesithenjwa.
• Isofthiwe ye-Intel Quartus Prime efakwe kunombolo yekhompyutha 2. Ungadawuniloda le softhiwe ku-Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition Izici Zesofthiwe/Ukulanda web ikhasi.
• Umshayeli we-Linux ulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile le miklamo yereferensi.

Ulwazi Oluhlobene

• I-Intel Arria 10 Reference Design
  • Landa idizayini yereferensi kanye nesofthiwe yokuklama eSitolo Sedizayini.
• I-Intel Cyclone 10 GX Reference Design
  • Landa idizayini yereferensi kanye nesofthiwe yokuklama eSitolo Sedizayini.
• I-Stratix 10 Reference Design
  • Landa idizayini yereferensi kanye nesofthiwe yokuklama eSitolo Sedizayini.
• Isikhungo sokulanda se-Intel Quartus Prime Pro Edition

I-Avalon-MM DMA Bridge Module Izincazelo

I-interface ye-Avalon-MM ene-DMA ihlanganisa amamojula alandelayo:
Umfanekiso 2. PCIe Avalon-MM DMA Reference Design Block DiagramLo mdwebo webhokisi ubonisa kokubili inkumbulo eku-chip nezinketho zememori yangaphandle.

Amanothi:

1. I- Write Mover idlulisela idatha isuka esizindeni sendawo iye esizindeni somsingathi
2. I-Read Mover idlulisela idatha isuka esizindeni somsingathi iye esizindeni sendawo

Funda i-Data Mover
I-Read Data Mover ithumela inkumbulo efundwayo I-Transaction Layer Packet (TLPs) phezulu nomfula. Ngemva kokuthi i-Read Data Mover isithole Ukuqedwa, i-Read Data Mover ibhala idatha etholiwe ku-chip noma kumemori yangaphandle.
Bhala Isihambisi Sedatha
I-Writ Data Mover ifunda idatha evela ku-chip noma kumemori yangaphandle futhi ithumela idatha phezulu kusetshenziswa i-memory write TLPs kusixhumanisi se-PCIe.
I-DMA Descriptor Controller
Imojula yesilawuli se-Descriptor ilawula imisebenzi yokufunda nokubhala ye-DMA. Isofthiwe engusokhaya ihlela amarejista angaphakathi Kusilawuli Sesichazi esinendawo nosayizi wethebula lesichazi elihlala kumemori yohlelo lomsingathi ngembobo eyinhloko ye-Avalon-MM RX. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, Isilawuli Sesichazi siqondisa i-Read Data Mover ukuthi ikopishe lonke ithebula kuma-FIFO endawo ukuze asetshenziswe. Isilawuli Sesichazi sithumela isimo sokuphothula phezulu ngomfula ngembobo ye-Avalon TX slave (TXS).
Ungakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa isilawuli sakho sesichazi sangaphandle ukuze uphathe Izihambisi Zedatha Ezifundwayo futhi Zibhale. Nokho, awukwazi ukushintsha ukuxhumana phakathi kwesilawuli sakho sangaphandle kanye ne-Read and Write Data Movers eshumekwe kumklamo wereferensi.
TX Isigqila
Imojula ye-TX Slave isakaza i-Avalon-MM ifundeka futhi ibhale phezulu nomfula. Izingcweti ze-Avalon-MM zangaphandle, okuhlanganisa nenkosi yokulawula ye-DMA, zingafinyelela inkumbulo yesistimu zisebenzisa i-TX Slave. Isilawuli se-DMA sisebenzisa le ndlela ukuze sibuyekeze isimo se-DMA phezulu, sisebenzisa i-Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) TLPs. I-RX Master (Imbobo Yangaphakathi Yokulawula I-BAR0) Imojuli ye-RX Master isakaza i-dword eyodwa efundwayo futhi ibhale ama-TLPs ukusuka ku-Root Port kuya esizindeni se-Avalon-MM ngembobo enkulu ye-32-bit Avalon-MM. Isofthiwe iyala i-RX Master ukuthi ithumele isilawuli, isimo, nolwazi lwesichazi kuzigqila ze-Avalon-MM, okuhlanganisa nesigqila sokulawula i-DMA. Imbobo ye-RX Master iyimbobo yangaphakathi engabonakali Ku-Platform Designer.

Ukusebenza ne-Reference Design

I-Project Hierarchy

Idizayini yesithenjwa isebenzisa ukwakheka kohla lwemibhalo olulandelayo:

• phezulu-Imojuli yezinga eliphezulu.
• top_hw— Izinga eliphezulu lomklami wenkundla files. Uma ushintsha idizayini usebenzisa Umklami Wenkundla, kufanele ukhiqize kabusha isistimu ukuze izinguquko zisebenze.

Izilungiselelo zepharamitha zokuhlukahluka kwe-PCI Express Hard IP

Lo mklamo wereferensi usekela usayizi wokukhokha ongu-256-byte omkhulu. Amathebula alandelayo aklelisa amanani awo wonke amapharamitha.
Ithebula 1. Izilungiselelo Zesistimu

Ipharamitha	Inani
Inombolo yemizila	I-Intel Cyclone 10 GX: x4 Intel Arria 10, Intel Stratix 10: x8
Isilinganiso somzila	I-Intel Cyclone 10 GX: Gen2 (5.0 Gbps) I-Intel Arria 10 Intel Stratix 10: Gen3 (8.0 Gbps)
Isabelo sekhredithi sebhafa ye-RX - ukusebenza kwesicelo esitholiwe	I-Intel Arria 10, i-Intel Cyclone 10 GX: I-Intel Stratix 10 ephansi: Ayitholakali

Ithebula 2.Izilungiselelo Zerejista Yekheli Lesisekelo (BAR).

Ipharamitha	Inani
I-BAR0	64-bit inkumbulo prefetchable
I-BAR1	Ikhutshaziwe
I-BAR2	64-bit inkumbulo prefetchable I-BAR2 ikhutshaziwe ku-Intel Stratix 10
waqhubeka...

Ipharamitha	Inani
I-BAR3	Ikhutshaziwe
I-BAR4	64-bit inkumbulo prefetchable I-BAR4 ikhutshaziwe ku-Intel Arria 10 ne-Intel Cyclone 10 GX
I-BAR5	Ikhutshaziwe

Ithebula 3. Izilungiselelo zerejista yokuhlonza idivayisi

Ipharamitha	Inani
I-ID yomthengisi	0x00001172
I-ID yedivayisi	0x0000E003
I-ID yokubuyekeza	0x00000001
Ikhodi Yekilasi	0x00000000
I-ID yomthengisi wesistimu engaphansi	0x00000000
I-ID Yedivayisi Yesistimu engaphansi	0x00000000

Ithebula 4. PCI Express/PCI* Amakhono

Ipharamitha	Inani
Umkhawulo kasayizi wokulayisha	256 Amabhayithi
Ibanga lokuvala isikhathi sokuqeda	Lutho
Sebenzisa Ukuvala Isikhathi sokuvala Khubaza	Inikwe amandla

Ithebula 5.Izilungiselelo Zokubika Iphutha

Ipharamitha	Inani
Ukubika Kwephutha Okuthuthukile (AER)	Inikwe amandla
I-ECRC iyahlola	Ikhutshaziwe
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ECRC	Ikhutshaziwe

Ithebula 6.Izilungiselelo zesixhumanisi

Ipharamitha	Inani
Xhuma inombolo yembobo	1
Ukucushwa kwewashi lesikhala	Inikwe amandla

Ithebula 7. Ukuphazamiseka Okusayinwe Umlayezo (MSI) kanye ne-MSI-XSettings

Ipharamitha	Inani
Inombolo yemilayezo ye-MSI eceliwe	4
Sebenzisa i-MSI-X	Ikhutshaziwe
Usayizi wethebula	0
Ithebula offset	0x0000000000000000
waqhubeka...

Ipharamitha	Inani
Isikhombi se-Table BAR	0
I-bit array elindile (PBA) offset	0x0000000000000000
Inkomba ye-PBA BAR	0

Ithebula 8. Ukuphathwa kwamandla

Ipharamitha	Inani
Ukubambezeleka okwamukelekayo kwe-Endpoint L0s	Isilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-64 ns
Ukubambezeleka okwamukelekayo kwe-Endpoint L1	Ubukhulu obungu-1 us

Ithebula 9.PCIe Ikheli le-Space Setting

Ipharamitha	Inani
Ububanzi bekheli besikhala sememori ye-PCIe efinyelelekayo	40

I-PCIe Avalon-MM DMA Reference Design Platform Designer Systems

Izithombe ezilandelayo zibonisa izinhlelo ze-Platform Designer ze-Intel Arria 10, i-Intel Cyclone 10 GX, kanye namadivayisi we-Intel Stratix 10.
Umfanekiso 3. I-Intel Arria 10 GX DMA Reference Design Platform Designer System

Umfanekiso 4.Intel Cyclone 10 GX GX DMA Reference Design Platform Designer System

Umfanekiso 5. Intel Stratix 10 GX DMA Reference Design Platform Designer SystemIdizayini ye-Intel Stratix 10 ihlanganisa izingxenye zepayipi kanye nengqondo yokuwela iwashi engekho kwamanye amadivayisi.

Ithebula 10.Izincazelo Zechweba Lomklami Wenkundla

Itheku	Umsebenzi	Incazelo
rxm_ibha2 or rxm_ibha4	Imbobo ye-Avalon-MM	Leli ichweba eliyinhloko le-Avalon-MM. Umsingathi we-PCIe ufinyelela inkumbulo nge-PCIe BAR2 yamadivayisi we-Intel Arria 10 kanye ne-Intel Cyclone 10 GX. Umsingathi ufinyelela inkumbulo nge-PCIe BAR4 yamadivayisi we-Intel Stratix 10. Lawa ma-BAR axhuma kukho kokubili i-chip nememori yangaphandle. Kuhlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile, isofthiwe yesistimu ilawula le BAR ukuze iqalise idatha engahleliwe kumemori yangaphandle. Isoftware iphinda ifunde idatha ukuze iqinisekise ukusebenza okulungile.
tx	I-TX Avalon-MM Slave	Leli yichweba lezigqila le-Avalon-MM. Kuhlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile, i-Avalon-MM master ilawula lesi simboli ukuze ithumele ukufundwa kwememori futhi ibhale esizindeni se-PCIe. Lapho i-DMA iqeda ukusebenza, Isilawuli Sesichazi sisebenzisa lesi sikhungo ukubhala isimo se-DMA sibuyele kuthebula lesichazi kusizinda se-PCIe. Isilawuli Sesichazi siphinde sisebenzisa le mbobo ukuthumela i-MSI iphazamisa umfula.
dma_rd_master	Funda i-Data Mover	Leli yichweba eliyinhloko le-Avalon-MM. I-Read Data Mover isebenzisa le-Avalon-MM master ukuhambisa idatha isuka esizindeni se-PCIe iye ku-chip noma kumemori yangaphandle. I-Read Data Mover iphinda isebenzisa le mbobo ukuze ilande izichazi kusukela esizindeni se-PCIe futhi izibhalele i-FIFO Kusilawuli Sesichazi. Umklamo uhlanganisa amathebula achazayo ahlukene okufunda nokubhala izincazelo. Ngokulandelayo, imbobo ye-dma_rd_master ixhuma ku-wr_dts_slave ekubhaleni isichazi se-DMA esithi FIFO kanye ne-rd_dts_slave yesichazi se-DMA esifundiwe FIFO.
dma_wr_master	Bhala Isihambisi Sedatha	Leli yichweba eliyinhloko le-Avalon-MM. I-Write Data Mover isebenzisa le Avalon-MM master ukufunda idatha kusuka ku-chip noma kwimemori yangaphandle bese ibhala idatha esizindeni se-PCIe. Isilawuli sememori sangaphandle siyi-RAM yembobo eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, i-Write Data Mover kanye ne-Read Data Mover kumele babelane ngale mbobo ukuze bahlole inkumbulo yangaphandle.
wr_dts_slave rd_dts_slave	I-FIFO kusilawuli sesichazi	Lawa amachweba e-Avalon-MM ezinceku zama-FIFO ku-Descriptor Controller. Uma i-Read Data Mover ilanda izichazi kumemori yohlelo, i-Read Data Mover ibhala izichazi ku-FIFO isebenzisa i-wr_dts_slave ne-rd_dts_slave port.
wr_dcm_master rd_dcm_master	Imojula yokulawula kusilawuli sesichazi	Imojula yokulawula Isilawuli Esichazayo ihlanganisa ukudlulisa okukodwa kanye nembobo eyodwa yokwamukela yama-DMA okufunda nokubhala. Imbobo eyamukelayo ixhuma ku-RXM_BAR0. Imbobo yokudlulisa ixhuma kuma-txs. Indlela yokwamukela esuka ku-RXM_BAR0 ixhumeka ngaphakathi. I-RXM_BAR0 ayiboniswa kuphaneli yokuxhumana ye-Platform Designer. Ngomzila wokudlulisa, kokubili ukufunda nokubhala izimbobo ze-DMA zixhuma kuma-txs ngaphandle. Lezi zimbobo zibonakala kuphaneli yokuxhumana ye-Platform Designer.
Uxhumano lwangaphakathi, aluboniswa	Imbobo ye-Avalon-MM	Lesi simboli esikhulu se-Avalon-MM sidlulisa ukufinyelela kwememori kusuka kumsingathi we-PCIe kuya ku-PCIe BAR0. Umsingathi usebenzisa le mbobo ukuhlela Isilawuli Sesichazi. Ngenxa yokuthi lo mklamo wereferensi uhlanganisa Isilawuli Sesichazi njengemojula yangaphakathi, Umklami Wenkundla akayibonisi le mbobo kuphaneli yokuxhumana yezinga eliphezulu.
onchip_memory2_0	64 KB Dual Port RAM	Lena inkumbulo ye-dual-port on-chip engu-64-KB. Ibanga lamakheli ngu-0x0800_0000-0x0800_FFFF ebhasini le-Avalon-MM. Leli kheli liyikheli lomthombo wokubhala ama-DMA noma ikheli okuyiwa kulo ukuze kufundwe ama-DMA. Ukuze uvimbele ukonakala kwedatha, isofthiwe ihlukanisa inkumbulo zibe izifunda ezihlukene ukuze ifundwe futhi ibhalwe. Izifunda azidlulelani.
Intel DDR3 noma DDR4 isilawuli	I-DDR3 noma i-DDR4 Controller	Lesi isilawuli sembobo eyodwa esingu-DDR3 noma i-DDR4.

Izinyathelo Zenqubo Ye-DMA

Isofthiwe esebenza kumsingathi iqeda izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuqalisa i-DMA futhi iqinisekise imiphumela:

1. Isofthiwe yabela imemori yesistimu kuthebula lesichazi.
2. Isoftware yabela imemori yesistimu ngokudluliswa kwedatha ye-DMA.
3. Isofthiwe ibhala izichazi kuthebula lesichazi kumemori yohlelo. I-DMA isekela izincazelo ezifika ku-128 ezifundwe neziyi-128. Ithebula lesichazi lirekhoda ulwazi olulandelayo:
   1. I-ID yesichazi, esukela ku-0-127
   2. Ikheli lomthombo
   3. Ikheli lendawo
   4. Usayizi
4.  Ku-DMA efundiwe, isofthiwe iqalisa isikhala sememori yohlelo ngedatha engahleliwe. I-Read Data Mover ihambisa le datha kumemori yohlelo iye ku-chip noma kumemori yangaphandle. Nge-DMA yokubhala, isofthiwe iqalisa i-on-chip noma imemori yangaphandle ngedatha engahleliwe. I-Writ Data Mover ihambisa idatha isuka ku-chip noma kumemori yangaphandle iye kumemori yesistimu.
5. Isofthiwe ihlela amarejista kumojula yokulawula yesilawuli esichazayo nge-BAR0. Ukuhlela kucacisa ikheli eliyisisekelo lethebula lesichazi kumemori yohlelo kanye nekheli eliyisisekelo le-FIFO eligcina izincazelo ku-FPGA.
6. Ukuze kuqaliswe i-DMA, isofthiwe ibhala i-ID yesichazamazwi sokugcina kungqondongqondo yokulawula yesilawuli sesichazi. I-DMA iqala ukulanda izichazi. I-DMA iqala nge-Descriptor ID 0 futhi iphetha nge-ID yesichazi sokugcina.
7. Ngemva kokuqedwa kokudluliselwa kwedatha kwencazelo yokugcina, Isilawuli Sesichazi sibhala 1'b1 kokuthi Kwenziwe kancane ohlwini oluchazayo lwethebula elihambisana nencazelo yokugcina kusizinda se-PCIe lisebenzisa imbobo ye-txs.
8. Ukuvota kwesofthiwe i-Bit Kwenziwe ekufakweni kwethebula lesichazi elihambisana nesichazi sokugcina. Ngemva kokuthi Isilawuli se-DMA sibhale Ibhithi Yenziwe, Isilawuli se-DMA sibala okuphumayo. Isofthiwe iqhathanisa idatha ekumemori yohlelo ne-on-chip noma imemori yangaphandle. Ukuhlolwa kuyaphumelela uma kungekho amaphutha.
9. Ukufunda nokubhala ngesikhathi esisodwa, isofthiwe iqala ukusebenza kwe-DMA efundwayo ngaphambi kokubhala ukusebenza kwe-DMA. I-DMA iqeda lapho wonke ama-DMA okufunda nokubhala eqeda.

Ukusetha i-Hardware

1. Yehlisa inombolo yekhompuyutha 1.
2. Xhuma ikhadi le-FPGA Development Kit endaweni ye-PCIe esekela i-Gen2 x4 noma i-Gen3 x8.
3. Nge-Intel Stratix 10 10 FPGA Development Kit, izixhumi i-J26 ne-J27 zinika amandla ikhadi. Ngemva kokufaka ikhadi ku-slot ye-PCIe etholakalayo, xhuma izintambo zamandla ezingu-2×4- kanye ne-2×3-pin PCIe kusukela ekunikezeni amandla kwenombolo yekhompyutha engu-1 ukuya ku-J26 ne-J27 yekhadi le-PCIe, ngokulandelana.
4. Xhuma ikhebula le-USB ukusuka kunombolo yekhompyutha 2 uye ku-FPGA Development Kit. Ikhithi Yokuthuthukisa ihlanganisa Ikhebuli Yokulanda ye-Intel FPGA esebhodini yohlelo lwe-FPGA.
5. Ukuze unike amandla i-FPGA Development Kit nge-slot ye-PCIe, vula ikhompuyutha inombolo 1. Okunye, unganika amandla i-FPGA Development Kit usebenzisa i-adaptha yamandla yangaphandle ehamba nekhithi.
6. Nge-Intel Cyclone 10 GX FPGA Development Kit, i-oscillator ehlelekayo esebhodini ingumthombo wewashi wezingxenye zehadiwe. Landela imiyalelo ekusetheni i-Intel Cyclone 10 GX FPGA Programmable Oscillator ukuze uhlele lesi oscillator.
7. Kunombolo yekhompyutha 2, letha umhleli we-Intel Quartus Prime futhi ulungiselele i-FPGA usebenzisa Ikhebula Lokulanda le-Intel FPGA.
   Qaphela: Kufanele ulungise kabusha i-FPGA noma nini lapho ikhithi yokuthuthukisa ye-FPGA iphelelwa amandla.
8. Ukuze uphoqe ukubalwa kwesistimu ukuthola idivayisi ye-PCIe, qala kabusha ikhompuyutha 1. Uma usebenzisa i-Intel Stratix 10 GX FPGA Development Kit, ungathola umlayezo wephutha olandelayo ngesikhathi sokuqalisa i-BIOS uma imemori efakwe kumephu ethi I/O ingu-4 GB kuphela: Ayenele. Izinsiza ze-PCI Zitholiwe. Ukuze ubhekane nalolu daba, vumela Ukukhipha ikhodi Okuphezulu kwe-4G kumenyu ye-BIOS Boot.

Ulwazi Oluhlobene

Ukuhlela i-Intel Cyclone 10 GX FPGA Oscillator ekhasini 12

• Ukuhlela i-Intel Cyclone 10 GX FPGA Oscillator
• I-Intel Cyclone 10 GX Development Kit ihlanganisa i-oscillator ehlelekayo okufanele uyisethe ngaphambi kokuthi usebenzise idizayini yesithenjwa yamadivayisi we-Intel Cyclone 10 GX. I-ClockController GUI ikuvumela ukuthi ungenise izilungiselelo ezifanele.

1. Thola isixhumanisi se-Kit Collateral (zip) endaweni Ebhalwe phansi ye-Intel Cyclone 10 GX FPGA Development Kit web ikhasi.
2. Sebenzisa lesi sixhumanisi ukuze ulande i-cyclone-10-gx-kit-collateral.zip
3. Vula i-cyclone-10-gx-kit-collateral.zip kuhla lwemibhalo olusebenzayo enombolweni yesi-2 yekhompyutha.
4. Ukuletha ibhokisi lengxoxo yesilawuli sewashi, thayipha imiyalo elandelayo: % cd /cyclone-10-gx-collateral/examples/board_test_system/ % ./ClockController.sh
   Umfanekiso 6.I-GUI yesilawuli sewashi Esimeni Sokuqala
5. Ku-GUI yesilawuli sewashi, chofoza okuthi Ngenisa.
6. Phequlula ku- /cyclone-10-gx-collateral/examples/board_test_system/ directory bese ukhetha i-U64-Registers.txt.
7. Ukungenisa izilungiselelo zerejista, chofoza Vula.
   Umlayezo, i-Si5332 Register Map ungeniswa uboniswa ngempumelelo. Kufanele ubone izilungiselelo zewashi eziboniswe ngezansi.

Umfanekiso 7. Izilungiselelo zewashi ze-Intel Cyclone 10 GX FPGA Development Kit

Ulwazi Oluhlobene

Ukusetha i-Hardware ekhasini 11

Ukufaka i-DMA Test Driver kanye nokusebenzisa i-Linux DMA Software

1. Efasiteleni letheminali kukhompyutha 1, shintshela kuhla lwemibhalo lomshayeli we-DMA bese ukhipha AN829_driver.tar ngokuthayipha imiyalo elandelayo: cd % / /_PCIe DMA_ _project/driver% tar -xvf AN829_driver.tar
2. Ukuze ufake umshayeli we-Linux womndeni wedivayisi efanele, thayipha umyalo:% sudo./install Amanani avumelekile we kukhona i-arria10, i-cyclone10, ne-stratix10.
3. Ukuze usebenzise uhlelo lwe-DMA, thayipha umyalo olandelayo: %./run Uhlelo lokusebenza luphrinta imiyalo etholakalayo ukuze ucacise ithrafikhi ye-DMA. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, isofthiwe yenza i-DMA ifundeke, i-DMA ibhale, kanye ne-DMA efundwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ifunde futhi ibhale. Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa imiyalo etholakalayo:

Ithebula 11.DMA Test Commands

Inombolo yomyalo	Umsebenzi
1	Qala i-DMA.
2	Nika amandla noma vala i-DMA yokufunda.
3	Nika amandla noma vala i-DMA yokubhala.
4	Nika amandla noma khubaza ukufunda nokubhala ngesikhathi esisodwa i-DMA.
5	Setha inani lama-dwords ngesichazi ngasinye. Ibanga elisemthethweni lingama-256-4096 dwords.
6	Setha inombolo yezincazelo. Ibanga elisemthethweni liyizincazelo ezingu-1-127.
7	Ngokuzenzakalelayo, idizayini yesithenjwa ikhetha inkumbulo eku-chip. Uma ukhetha lo myalo ama-runs alandelanayo shintsha phakathi kwe-chip nememori yangaphandle.
8	Qalisa i-DMA ngeluphu eqhubekayo.
10	Phuma

Okwesiboneloample, thayipha imiyalo elandelayo ukuze ucacise ama-dwords angu-4096 ngesichazi ngasinye nezincazelo eziyi-127: % 5 4096 % 6 127 % 8

Izibalo ezilandelayo zibonisa umphumela wokufundwa kwe-DMA, i-DMA iyabhala, kanye ne-DMA ngesikhathi esisodwa ifunda futhi ibhale:

Umfanekiso 8. Intel Arria 10 DMA Throughput

Umfanekiso 9. Intel Cyclone 10 GX DMA ThroughputUmfanekiso 10. Intel Stratix 10 DMA Throughput

Ukuqonda i-PCI Express Throughput

I-throughput ohlelweni lwe-PCI Express incike ezintweni ezilandelayo:

• Iphrothokholi ngaphezulu
• Usayizi wokulayisha
• Ukubambezeleka kokuqedwa
• Ukubambezeleka kokubuyekezwa kokulawula ukugeleza
• Amadivayisi akha isixhumanisi

I-Protocol Overhead
Ingqikithi yephrothokholi ihlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu ezilandelayo:

• 128b/130b Umbhalo Wekhodi Nokukhipha Ikhodi—Izixhumanisi zeGen3 zisebenzisa umbhalo wekhodi ongu-128b/130b. Lokhu kufakwa kwekhodi kwengeza amabhithi amabili okuvumelanisa (ukuvumelanisa) ekudluliseni ngakunye kwedatha ye-128-bit. Ngakho-ke, ukubhala ngekhodi nokuqopha phezulu kuncane kakhulu ku-1.56%. Izinga ledatha elisebenzayo lesixhumanisi se-Gen3 x8 cishe lingamagigabhayithi angu-8 ngomzuzwana (GBps).
• Amaphakethe Ongqimba Lwedatha Yedatha (DLLPs) kanye Namaphakethe Ongqimba Ongokoqobo (PLPs)—Isixhumanisi esisebenzayo siphinde sithumele ama-DLLP nama-PLP. Ama-PLP aqukethe amasethi a-oda we-SKP akhona
  16-24 amabhayithi. Ama-DLLP angama-dwords amabili. Ama-DLLP asebenzisa ukulawula ukugeleza kanye nephrothokholi ye-ACK/NAK.
• I-TLP Packet Overhead—I-overhead ehlobene ne-TLP eyodwa isukela ku-5-7 dwords uma i-ECRC yokuzikhethela ingafakiwe. I-overhead ihlanganisa izinkambu ezilandelayo:
  • Izimpawu Zokuqala Nokuqeda Uzimele
  • I-ID Yokulandelana
  • Unhlokweni we-TLP we-3- noma 4-dword
  • I-Link Cyclic Redundancy Check (LCRC)
  • 0-1024 dwords of idatha payload
• Umfanekiso 11. Ifomethi yephakethe le-TLP

Qala 1 Byte

ukulandelana 2 Amabhayithi

Isihloko se-TLP 3-4 DW

Inkokhelo Yedatha 0-1024 DW

I-ICRC 1 DW

I-LCRC 1 DW

Qeda 1 Byte

I- throughput for Posted Writes

Isibalo esiphezulu sethiyori sokuphuma sisebenzisa ifomula elandelayo: I- throughput = usayizi womthwalo okhokhelwayo / (usayizi wokulayisha okukhokhelwayo + ngaphezulu) * isilinganiso sedatha yesixhumanisi

Umfanekiso 12. Ubuningi Bokudluliswa Kwenkumbulo Kuyabhala

Igrafu ibonisa inani eliphezulu lokuphuma kwesihloko elinamasayizi ahlukene e-TLP namasayizi okulayisha. Ama-DLLP nama-PLP awafakiwe kulesi sibalo. Kusayizi wokukhokha ongu-256-byte omkhulu kanye nesihloko esingu-3-dword isihloko esiphezulu singama-dwords amahlanu. Ngoba isixhumi esibonakalayo singamabhithi angu-256, unhlokweni we-5-dword udinga umjikelezo webhasi owodwa. Ukulayisha okungu-256-byte kudinga imijikelezo yamabhasi engu-8.

Ithiyoriyori I-M ax im im Um uKuphunyelelw a kwemibhalo yokubhala (x1)

Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa ubuningi bokuphuma kwethiyori: Umkhawulo ophezulu wokukhipha = imijikelezo engu-8/9 imijikelezo = 88.88% * 8 GBps = 7.2 GBps

Icacisa Ubukhulu Bosayizi Wokukhokha

Irejista Yokulawula Idivayisi, amabhithi [7:5], icacisa ubukhulu bosayizi wokukhokha we-TLP wesistimu yamanje. Inkambu Yosayizi Ophezulu Okhokhelwayo yerejista Yamakhono Edivayisi, amabhithi [2:0], icacisa inani eliphakeme elivumelekile lomthwalo okhokhelwayo. Ucacisa le pharamitha yokufunda kuphela, ebizwa ngokuthi Usayizi Omkhulu Wokukhokha, usebenzisa isihleli sepharamitha. Ngemva kokunquma inani eliphezulu lokulayishwa kwe-TLP yesistimu yamanje, isofthiwe irekhoda inani lerejista ye-Device Control. Leli nani kufanele libe ngaphansi kobukhulu bomthwalo okhokhelwayo obucaciswe kunkambu Yosayizi Owuphezulu Wokukhokha Kwerejista Yamakhono Edivayisi.
Ukuqonda Ukulawula Ukugeleza kwe-PCI Express
Ukulawula ukugeleza kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-TLP ayidluliswa ngaphandle uma umamukeli enesikhala esanele sokwamukela i-TLP. Kunamakhredithi ahlukene ezihloko nedatha yomthwalo okhokhelwayo. Idivayisi idinga unhlokweni nekhredithi eyanele yokulayisha ngaphambi kokuthumela i-TLP. Lapho Isendlalelo Sesicelo kusigcwalisi samukela i-TLP, sikhulula isikhala sebhafa ye-RX Kusendlalelo Sokwenziwayo komgcwalisi. Isigcwalisi sithumela iphakethe lesibuyekezo sokulawula ukugeleza (i-FC Update DLLP) ukuze sigcwalise amakhredithi asetshenzisiwe kusiqalisi. Uma idivayisi idla wonke amakhredithi ayo, izinga le-FC Update DLLPs ukuze ligcwalise unhlokweni namakhredithi okukhokha okukhokhelwayo likhawulela ukuphuma. Izibuyekezo zokulawula ukugeleza zincike kusayizi omkhulu wokulayisha okukhokhelwayo kanye nokubambezeleka kwamadivayisi amabili axhunyiwe.

I- throughput for Reads

I-PCI Express isebenzisa imodeli yokuthenga ehlukanisiwe ukuze ifundwe. Umsebenzi ofundiwe uhlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Umfakisicelo uthumela isicelo se-Memory Reading.
2. Umgcwalisi uthumela i-ACK DLLP ukuze yazise Isicelo Sokufunda Inkumbulo.
3. Umgcwalisi ubuyisela Ukuqedwa Ngedatha. Isigcwalisi singahlukanisa Ukuqedwa sibe amaphakethe amaningi wokuqedela.

I-List throughput ngokuvamile iphansi kunokubhala konke ngenxa yokuthi ukufunda kudinga imisebenzi emibili esikhundleni sokubhala okukodwa kwenani elifanayo ledatha. Ukuphuma kokufunda kuphinde kuncike ekubambezelekeni kohambo olubuyayo phakathi kwesikhathi lapho Isendlalelo Sohlelo Lokusebenza sikhipha Isicelo Sokufunda Ngenkumbulo kanye nesikhathi lapho idatha eceliwe ibuya khona. Ukuze kwandiswe inani eliphelele, isicelo kufanele sikhiphe izicelo ezisele ezisele ezifundiwe ukuze kuvikelwe lokhu kubambezeleka.

Umfanekiso 13. Funda Isikhathi Sesicelo

Izibalo ezingezansi zibonisa isikhathi Sezicelo Zokufundwa Kwenkumbulo (MRD) kanye Nokuqedwa Ngedatha (CplD). Isibalo sokuqala sibonisa umfakisicelo elinde ukuqedwa ngaphambi kokukhipha izicelo ezilandelayo. Ukulinda kuphumela ekuphumeni okuphansi. Isibalo sesibili sibonisa umfakisicelo enza izicelo eziningi ezisele ezifundweni ukuze asuse ukubambezeleka ngemva kokubuyiselwa kwedatha yokuqala. Ukususa ukubambezeleka kuphumela ekuphumeleleni okuphezulu.

Ukugcina inani eliphezulu ledatha yamaphakethe edatha aphelele, umfakisicelo kufanele alungiselele lezi zilungiselelo ezilandelayo:

• Inani lokuqedwa kubhafa ye-RX
• Izinga Ungqimba Lohlelo Lokusebenza olukhishwa ngalo ukufunda izicelo futhi lucubungule idatha yokuqedwa

Funda usayizi wesicelo
Esinye isici esithinta ukufakwa kwesicelo usayizi wesicelo esifundiwe. Uma ocelayo edinga idatha engu-4 KB, umfakisicelo angakhipha izicelo ezine, 1 KB ezifundwe noma isicelo esisodwa sokufunda esingu-4 KB. Isicelo esingu-4 KB siholela ekuphumeni okuphezulu kunalokhu okune, 1 KB ifundeka. Inani Eliphezulu Losayizi Wesicelo Sokufunda kurejista Yokulawula Idivayisi, amabhithi [14:12], icacisa usayizi wesicelo esifundiwe.
Izicelo Ezivelele Zokufunda
Into yokugcina engaba nomthelela ekuphumeni kwayo inani lezicelo ezisele ezifundweni. Uma umfakisicelo ethumela izicelo zokufunda eziningi ukuze kuthuthukiswe indlela yokuphuma, inombolo yesihloko esitholakalayo tags ikhawulela inani lezicelo ezingakafundiwe. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuphezulu, i-Intel Arria 10 ne-Intel Cyclone 10 GX efundwayo i-DMA ingasebenzisa unhlokweni ofika ku-16 tags. I-Intel Stratix 10 ifundeka i-DMA ingasebenzisa unhlokweni ongafika kuma-32 tags.

Ukuqonda Ukukalwa Komsebenzi

Ukulinganisa ukuphuma, umshayeli wesofthiwe uthatha izikhathi ezimbiliamps. Isoftware ithatha izikhathi zokuqalaamp ngokushesha ngemva kokuthayipha umyalo ./run. Isoftware ithatha okwesibiliamp ngemva kokuba i-DMA iqede futhi ibuyisele isimo esidingekayo sokuphothula, i-EPLAST. Uma ukufunda i-DMA, bhala i-DMA futhi ukufunda nokubhala ngesikhathi esisodwa ama-DMA avuliwe wonke, umshayeli uthatha izikhathi eziyisithuphaamps ukwenza izilinganiso ezintathu.

Umehluko Wokusebenzisa i-On-Chip kanye Nenkumbulo Yangaphandle

Lo mklamo wereferensi unikeza ukukhetha phakathi kwememori eku-chip esetshenziswe endwangu ye-FPGA nememori yangaphandle etholakala ku-PCB. Imemori eku-chip isekela ukufunda okuhlukile futhi ibhala izimbobo. Ngenxa yalokho, le nkumbulo isekela ukufunda nokubhala ngesikhathi esisodwa ama-DMA. Imemori yangaphandle isekela imbobo eyodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, inkumbulo yangaphandle ayisekeli ukufundwa kwe-DMA kanye kanye nokubhala ukufinyelela kwe-DMA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambezeleka kwenkumbulo yangaphandle kuphakeme kune-latency ye-on-chip memory. Le mehluko emibili phakathi kwe-on-chip nememori yangaphandle iphumela ekuphumeni okuphansi kokusetshenziswa kwememori yangaphandle. Ukuze uqhathanise i-throughput ye-on-chip nememori yangaphandle, khetha umyalo 7 ukuze uthole ama-run alandelanayo ukuze ushintshe phakathi kwe-chip nememori yangaphandle.

Umlando Wokubuyekeza Idokhumenti we-AN 829: I-PCI Express Avalon-MM DMA Reference Design

Inguqulo Yedokhumenti	Inguqulo ye-Intel Quartus Prime	Izinguquko
2018.06.11	18.0	Ukukhishwa kokuqala.

AN 829: PCI Express* Avalon®-MM DMA Reference Design 22

Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza

intel AN 829 PCI Express* I-Avalon MM DMA Reference Design [pdf] Umhlahlandlela Womsebenzisi AN 829 PCI Express Avalon MM DMA Reference Design, AN 829, PCI Express Avalon MM DMA Reference Design, Express Avalon MM DMA Reference Design, Avalon MM DMA Reference Design, DMA Reference Design

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