ENGINNERS ESP8266 NodeMCU Development Board Iziyalezo

Okuqukethwe fihla

1 ENGINNERS ESP8266 NodeMCU Development Board

2 Imfuneko Yamandla

3 Amapheripherals kanye ne-I/O

4 Ukushintsha Okusebhodini Nesikhombi Se-LED

5 Ukuxhumana kwe-Serial

6 I-ESP8266 NodeMCU Pinout

7 ESP8266 Development Platform

8 Ukufaka i-ESP8266 Core ku-Windows OS

9 I-Arduino Example: Qhosha

10 Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza

10.1 Izithenjwa

11 Okuthunyelwe Okuhlobene

ENGINNERS ESP8266 NodeMCU Development Board

I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) ibe yinkambu ethrendayo emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe. Kuyishintshile indlela esisebenza ngayo. Izinto ezibonakalayo nomhlaba wedijithali kuxhumene manje kunangaphambili. Ikhumbula lokhu, i-Espressif Systems (Inkampani Yezinsimbi Ezizinze e-Shanghai) ikhiphe isilawuli se-WiFi esine-WiFi esithandekayo, esilingana nokuluma - ESP8266, ngentengo engakholakali! Ngaphansi kwe-$3, ingaqapha futhi ilawule izinto ukusuka noma yikuphi emhlabeni - ilungele cishe noma iyiphi iphrojekthi ye-IoT.

Ibhodi lokuthuthukisa lihlomisa imojuli ye-ESP-12E equkethe i-ESP8266 chip ene-Tensilica Xtensa® 32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor esebenza ku-80 kuya ku-160 MHz ifrikhwensi yewashi elungisekayo futhi isekela i-RTOS.

I-ESP-12E Chip

I-Tensilica Xtensa® 32-bit LX106

80 kuya ku-160 MHz clock Freq.
128kB RAM yangaphakathi

4MB flash yangaphandle
802.11b/g/n i-Wi-Fi transceiver

Kukhona futhi i-RAM engu-128 KB kanye ne-4MB yememori ye-Flash (yohlelo nokugcinwa kwedatha) eyanele nje ukubhekana nezintambo ezinkulu ezakhayo. web amakhasi, idatha ye-JSON/XML, nayo yonke into esiyiphonsa kumadivayisi e-IoT kulezi zinsuku. I-ESP8266 Ihlanganisa i-802.11b/g/n HT40 Wi-Fi transceiver, ngakho-ke ayikwazi nje ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi ye-WiFi futhi ihlanganyele ne-inthanethi, kodwa futhi ingasetha inethiwekhi yayo, evumela amanye amadivaysi ukuthi axhumeke ngqo kuyo. yona. Lokhu kwenza i-ESP8266 NodeMCU ibe nezinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu.

Imfuneko Yamandla

Njengomqulu wokusebenzataguhla lwe-ESP8266 luyi-3V ukuya ku-3.6V, ibhodi liza ne-LDO voltage umlawuli ukugcina voltagiqinile ku-3.3V. Ingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuthembekile kufika ku-600mA, okufanele ibe ngaphezu kokwanele lapho i-ESP8266 idonsa cishe u-80mA ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa kwe-RF. Okukhiphayo kwesilawuli kuphinde kuhlukaniselwe ohlangothini olulodwa lwebhodi futhi kubhalwe ukuthi 3V3. Le phinikhodi ingasetshenziselwa ukunikeza amandla ezingxenyeni zangaphandle.

Imfuneko Yamandla

I-Operating Voltage: 2.5V ukuze 3.6V

Ebhodini 3.3V 600mA isilawuli
80mA Ukusebenza Kwamanje

20 μA ngesikhathi semodi yokulala

Amandla ku-ESP8266 NodeMCU anikezwa ngesixhumi esisebhodini se-MicroB USB. Kungenjalo, uma unevolumu engu-5V elawulwayotage umthombo, iphinikhodi ye-VIN ingasetshenziswa ukunikeza ngokuqondile i-ESP8266 kanye namapheripheral ayo.

Isexwayiso: I-ESP8266 idinga ugesi ongu-3.3V kanye namazinga anengqondo angu-3.3V ukuze kuxhunyanwe. Izikhonkwane ze-GPIO azikwazi ukubekezela ku-5V! Uma ufuna ukuhlanganisa ibhodi ngezinto ezingu-5V (noma ngaphezulu), uzodinga ukushintsha izinga elithile.

Amapheripherals kanye ne-I/O

I-ESP8266 NodeMCU inezikhonkwane eziyi-17 ze-GPIO eziqhekezwe kuzihloko zamaphini nhlangothi zombili zebhodi lokuthuthukisa. Lezi zikhonkwane zingabelwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yangaphandle, okuhlanganisa:

Isiteshi se-ADC – Isiteshi se-ADC esingu-10-bit.
I-interface ye-UART - I-interface ye-UART isetshenziselwa ukulayisha ikhodi ngokulandelana.

Imiphumela ye-PWM - Izikhonkwane ze-PWM zokufiphaza ama-LED noma amamotho okulawula.
I-SPI, i-I2C ne-I2S interface - i-SPI ne-I2C interface ukuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezinzwa nama-peripherals.

I-interface ye-I2S - I-interface ye-I2S uma ufuna ukwengeza umsindo kuphrojekthi yakho.

Ama-I/O ane-Multiplex

1 iziteshi ze-ADC
2 UART interface

4 Imiphumela ye-PWM
SPI, I2C & I2S interface

Ngenxa yesici sokuphindaphinda kwephinikhodi ye-ESP8266 (Amapharamitha amaningi aphindwaphindwa ngephinikhodi eyodwa ye-GPIO). Okusho ukuthi iphinikhodi eyodwa ye-GPIO ingasebenza njenge-PWM/UART/SPI.

Ukushintsha Okusebhodini Nesikhombi Se-LED

I-ESP8266 NodeMCU inezinkinobho ezimbili. Okukodwa okumakwe njenge-RST ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele yinkinobho Yokusetha Kabusha, esetshenziselwa ukusetha kabusha i-chip ye-ESP8266. Enye inkinobho ethi FLASH ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokunxele yinkinobho yokulanda esetshenziswa ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa i-firmware.

Ukushintsha Nezinkomba

I-RST - Setha kabusha i-chip ye-ESP8266
I-FLASH – Landa izinhlelo ezintsha
I-Blue LED - Umsebenzisi Ohlelekayo

Ibhodi liphinde libe nenkomba ye-LED ehlelekayo futhi ixhunywe kuphinikhodi ye-D0 yebhodi.

Ukuxhumana kwe-Serial

Ibhodi lihlanganisa i-CP2102 USB-to-UART Bridge Controller esuka ku-Silicon Labs, eguqulela isignali ye-USB ibe isiriyeli futhi ivumele ikhompuyutha yakho ukuthi ihlele futhi ixhumane ne-chip ye-ESP8266.

Ukuxhumana kwe-Serial

Isiguquli se-CP2102 USB-to-UART
4.5 Mbps isivinini sokuxhumana
Ukwesekwa kokulawula ukugeleza

Uma unenguqulo endala yomshayeli we-CP2102 efakwe ku-PC yakho, sincoma ukuthi uyithuthukise manje.
Isixhumanisi sokuthuthukisa i-CP2102 Driver - https://www.silabs.com/developers/usb-to-uart-bridge-vcp-drivers

I-ESP8266 NodeMCU Pinout

I-ESP8266 NodeMCU inamaphinikhodi angu-30 aphelele ayixhumanisa nomhlaba wangaphandle. Izixhumanisi zimi kanje:

Ukuze kube lula, sizokwenza amaqembu amaphini anemisebenzi efanayo.

Izikhonkwane zamandla Kunezikhonkwane ezine zamandla okungukuthi. iphinikhodi eyodwa ye-VIN nezikhonkwane ezintathu ze-3.3V. Iphinikhodi ye-VIN ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuqondile nge-ESP8266 namapheripheral ayo, uma une-voltage engu-5V elawulwayo.tage umthombo. Izikhonkwane ze-3.3V ziwumphumela wevolthi esebhodinitage umlawuli. Lezi phini zingasetshenziswa ukunikeza amandla ezingxenyeni zangaphandle.

I-GND iyiphini eliphansi lebhodi lokuthuthukisa le-ESP8266 NodeMCU. Izikhonkwane ze-I2C zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezinzwa ze-I2C nama-peripherals kuphrojekthi yakho. Kokubili i-I2C Master ne-I2C Slave ziyasekelwa. Ukusebenza kwe-interface ye-I2C kungenziwa ngohlelo, futhi imvamisa yewashi ingu-100 kHz ngenani eliphakeme. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imvamisa yewashi le-I2C kufanele ibe phezulu kunefrikhwensi yewashi enensa kakhulu yedivayisi yesigqila.

Izikhonkwane ze-GPIO I-ESP8266 NodeMCU inamaphinikhodi angu-17 e-GPIO anganikezwa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njenge-I2C, I2S, UART, PWM, IR Remote Control, Ukukhanya kwe-LED kanye Nenkinobho ngokohlelo. I-GPIO ngayinye enikwe amandla yedijithali ingalungiselelwa ukudonsa kwangaphakathi noma ukudonsela phansi, noma isethelwe ku-impedance ephezulu. Uma ilungiselelwe okokufaka, ingasethelwa ekucupheni onqenqemeni noma ekucupheni izinga ukuze kukhiqizwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-CPU.

Isiteshi se-ADC I-NodeMCU ishumekwe ngokunemba kwe-10-bit SAR ADC. Imisebenzi emibili ingenziwa kusetshenziswa i-ADC okungukuthi. Ukuhlola amandla kagesi voltage ye-VDD3P3 pin kanye nokuhlola okokufaka voltage ye-TOUT pin. Nokho, azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Izikhonkwane ze-UART I-ESP8266 NodeMCU ine-interface ye-UART engu-2, okungukuthi i-UART0 ne-UART1, ehlinzeka ngokuxhumana okuvumelanayo (RS232 kanye ne-RS485), futhi ingaxhumana kufika ku-4.5 Mbps. I-UART0 (TXD0, RXD0, RST0 & CTS0 pins) ingasetshenziselwa ukuxhumana. Isekela ukulawula uketshezi. Kodwa-ke, i-UART1 (iphinikhodi ye-TXD1) ihlanganisa kuphela isignali yokudlulisa idatha, ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuphrinta ilogi.

Izikhonkwane ze-SPI I-ESP8266 ihlanganisa ama-SPI amabili (i-SPI ne-HSPI) kumodi yesigqila neyenkosi. Lawa ma-SPI aphinde asekele izici ezilandelayo ze-SPI yenhloso evamile:

4 izindlela zesikhathi zokudlulisa ifomethi ye-SPI

Kufika ku-80 MHz namawashi ahlukanisiwe angu-80 MHz
Kufika ku-64-Byte FIFO

Izikhonkwane ze-SDIO I-ESP8266 ihlanganisa i-Digital Input/Output Interface (i-SDIO) esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngqo namakhadi e-SD. I-4-bit 25 MHz SDIO v1.1 kanye ne-4-bit 50 MHz SDIO v2.0 asekelwe.

Izikhonkwane ze-PWM Ibhodi lineziteshi ezi-4 ze-Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Okuphumayo kwe-PWM kungenziwa ngohlelo futhi kusetshenziselwe ukushayela amamotho edijithali nama-LED. Ibanga lefrikhwensi le-PWM liyalungiseka ukusuka ku-1000 μs ukuya ku-10000 μs, okungukuthi, phakathi kuka-100 Hz no-1 kHz.

Izikhonkwane zokulawula zisetshenziselwa ukulawula i-ESP8266. Lawa maphini ahlanganisa iphinikhodi ye-Chip Enable (EN), iphinikhodi yokusetha kabusha (RST) kanye nephinikhodi ethi WAKE.

Iphinikhodi ye-EN - I-chip ye-ESP8266 inikwe amandla uma iphinikhodi ye-EN idonswa OKUPHAKAMILE. Uma idonswa PHANSI i-chip isebenza ngamandla amancane.

Iphinikhodi ye-RST - iphinikhodi ye-RST isetshenziselwa ukusetha kabusha i-chip ye-ESP8266.
Iphinikhodi yokuvusa - Iphinikhodi yokuvusa isetshenziselwa ukuvusa i-chip ebuthongweni obujulile.

ESP8266 Development Platform

Manje, asiqhubekele ezintweni ezithakazelisayo! Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinkundla zokuthuthuka ezingahlonyiswa ukuhlela i-ESP8266. Ungahamba ne-Espruino - i-JavaScript SDK kanye ne-firmware elingisa i-Node.js eduze, noma usebenzise i-Mongoose OS - Uhlelo lokusebenza lwamadivayisi e-IoT (inkundla enconyiwe yi-Espressif Systems ne-Google Cloud IoT) noma usebenzise ikhithi yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe (SDK) ehlinzekwa yi-Espressif noma enye yezinkundla ezisohlwini lwe-WiKiPedia. Ngenhlanhla, umphakathi omangalisayo we-ESP8266 uthathe ukukhetha kwe-IDE igxathu eliya phambili ngokwakha isengezo se-Arduino. Uma usanda kuqalisa ukuhlela i-ESP8266, lena indawo esincoma ukuthi siqale ngayo, futhi yileyo esizoyibhala kulesi sifundo.
Lesi sengezo se-ESP8266 se-Arduino sisekelwe emsebenzini omangalisayo ka-Ivan Grokhotkov kanye nawo wonke umphakathi we-ESP8266. Bheka inqolobane ye-ESP8266 Arduino GitHub ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukufaka i-ESP8266 Core ku-Windows OS

Masiqhubeke nokufaka i-ESP8266 Arduino core. Into yokuqala ukufaka i-Arduino IDE yakamuva (Arduino 1.6.4 noma ngaphezulu) efakwe ku-PC yakho. Uma ungenayo, sincoma ukuthi uyithuthukise manje.
Isixhumanisi se-Arduino IDE - https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
Ukuze siqale, kuzodingeka sibuyekeze umphathi webhodi ngokwezifiso URL. Vula i-Arduino IDE bese uya ku File > Izintandokazi. Bese, kopisha ngezansi URL kuMphathi Webhodi Owengeziwe URLs ibhokisi lombhalo eliphansi kwewindi: http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json

Chofoza okuthi KULUNGILE. Bese uzulazulela kokuthi Umphathi Webhodi ngokuya kokuthi Amathuluzi > Amabhodi > Umphathi Wamabhodi. Kufanele kube nokufakiwe okusha okumbalwa ngaphezu kwamabhodi ajwayelekile e-Arduino. Hlunga usesho lwakho ngokuthayipha esp8266. Chofoza lokho kufakwa bese ukhetha Faka.

Izincazelo zebhodi namathuluzi e-ESP8266 afaka phakathi isethi entsha ye-gcc, g++, kanye namanye amabhanari ahlanganisiwe amakhulu ngokunengqondo, ngakho kungathatha imizuzu embalwa ukulanda nokufaka (okufakwe kungobo yomlando). file ~ 110MB). Uma ukufakwa sekuqediwe, umbhalo omncane OKUFAKILE uzovela eduze kokufakwayo. Manje ungavala Umphathi Webhodi

I-Arduino Example: Qhosha

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-ESP8266 Arduino core kanye ne-NodeMCU zisethwe kahle, sizolayisha umdwebo olula kunayo yonke - The Blink! Sizosebenzisa i-LED esebhodini kulokhu kuhlolwa. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili kulesi sifundo, iphinikhodi ye-D0 yebhodi ixhunywe ku-board Blue LED futhi iyahleleka umsebenzisi. Iphelele! Ngaphambi kokuthi sifinyelele ekulayisheni umdwebo & ukudlala nge-LED, sidinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ibhodi likhethwe kahle ku-Arduino IDE. Vula i-Arduino IDE bese ukhetha inketho ye-NodeMCU 0.9 (ESP-12 Module) ngaphansi kwe-Arduino IDE yakho> Amathuluzi> Imenyu yebhodi.

Manje, xhuma i-ESP8266 NodeMCU yakho kukhompuyutha yakho ngekhebula le-USB le-Micro-B. Uma ibhodi selixhunyiwe, kufanele linikezwe imbobo ye-COM ehlukile. Emishinini ye-Windows, lokhu kuzoba into efana ne-COM#, futhi kumakhompuyutha e-Mac/Linux izofika ngendlela yokuthi /dev/tty.usbserial-XXXXXX. Khetha le port ye-serial ngaphansi kwe-Arduino IDE> Amathuluzi> Imenyu ye-Port. Futhi khetha Isivinini Sokulayisha : 115200

Isexwayiso: Ukunakwa okwengeziwe kufanele kunikezwe ekukhetheni ibhodi, ukukhetha imbobo ye-COM nokukhetha isivinini sokulayisha. Ungathola iphutha le-espcomm_upload_mem ngenkathi ulayisha imidwebo emisha, uma yehlulekile ukwenza kanjalo.

Uma usuqedile, zama i-example sketch ngezansi.

i-void setup()
{pinMode(D0, OUTPUT);}void loop()
{digitalWrite(D0, HIGH);
ukubambezeleka (500);
idijithaliWrite(D0, LOW);
ukubambezeleka (500);
Uma ikhodi isilayishiwe, i-LED izoqala ukucwayiza. Ungase udinge ukuthepha inkinobho ye-RST ukuze wenze i-ESP8266 yakho iqale ukusebenzisa umdwebo.