Imiyalelo yokusebenza
Elektor Arduino
NANO
Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha i-MCCAB®
I-Rev. 3.3

khasimende elithandekayo, Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB lakhiwe ngokuhambisana neziqondiso ezisebenzayo zase-Europe futhi ngenxa yalokho linophawu lwe-CE. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe kuchazwe kule miyalo yokusebenza. Uma ushintsha Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB noma ungayisebenzisi ngokuvumelana nenhloso yalo, nguwe wedwa unesibopho sokuhambisana nemithetho esebenzayo.
Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa kuphela Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB nazo zonke izingxenye ezikulo njengoba kuchazwe kule miyalo yokusebenza. Ungadlulisela kuphela Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB kanye nale ncwajana yokusebenza.
Lonke ulwazi olukule manuwali luqondise kwi-MCCAB Training Board enezinga loshicilelo u-Rev. 3.3. Izinga loshicilelo lweBhodi Lokuqeqesha liphrintwe ohlangothini lwalo olungezansi (bheka uMdwebo 13 ekhasini 20). Inguqulo yamanje yale manuwali ingalandwa ku- webindawo www.elektor.com/20440 ukuze ulande. I-ARDUINO namanye amagama ebhrendi ye-Arduino namalogo yizimpawu zokuthengisa ezibhalisiwe zakwa-Arduino SA. ®

Ukugaywa kabusha

Izinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi ezisetshenzisiwe kumele zigaywe kabusha njengemfucuza kagesi futhi akumele zilahlwe kudoti wasendlini.
Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB liqukethe izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile ezingagaywa kabusha.
Ngakho-ke, lahla idivayisi endaweni efanele yokuqoqa. (I-EU Directive 2012/19 / EU). Abaphathi bakamasipala wakho bazokutshela ukuthi ungayithola kuphi indawo eseduze yokuqoqa mahhala.

Imiyalo yokuphepha

Le miyalo yokusebenza yeBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB iqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokugunyazwa nokusebenza!
Ngakho-ke, funda yonke incwadi yokusebenza ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ibhodi lokuqeqesha okokuqala ukuze ugweme ukulimala empilweni nasemilenzeni ngenxa yokushaqeka kukagesi, amaphutha omlilo noma okusebenza kanye nokulimala kweBhodi Lokuqeqesha.
Yenza leli bhukwana litholakale kubo bonke abanye abasebenzisi bebhodi lokuqeqesha.
Umkhiqizo wakhiwe ngokuhambisana nezinga le-IEC 61010-031 futhi uhloliwe futhi washiya ifekthri isesimweni esiphephile. Umsebenzisi kufanele agcine imithethonqubo esebenza ekuphathweni kwezinto zikagesi, kanye nazo zonke izindlela zokuphepha nezinqubo ezamukelekayo. Ikakhulukazi, imithetho ye-VDE VDE 0100 (ukuhlela, ukufakwa nokuhlolwa kwe-low-voltage izinhlelo zikagesi), i-VDE 0700 (ukuphepha kwezinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswa ekhaya) kanye ne-VDE 0868 (impahla yomsindo/ividiyo, ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana) kufanele kukhulunywe lapha.
Ezindaweni zezentengiselwano, izimiso zokuvimbela izingozi zezinhlangano zomshwalense wezikweletu zabaqashi ziyasebenza.

Izimpawu zokuphepha ezisetshenzisiwe

Isexwayiso Sengozi Kagesi
Lolu phawu lubonisa izimo noma izinqubo ezingase zibangele ukufa noma ukulimala komuntu siqu.
Uphawu Lwesexwayiso Esivamile
Lolu phawu lubonisa izimo noma izinqubo ezingase zibangele ukulimala komkhiqizo ngokwawo noma okokusebenza okuxhunyiwe.

2.1 Ukuphakelwa kukagesi
Isexwayiso:

• Ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo kungenzeka i-negative voltages noma voltagengaphezulu kuka +5 V ixhunywe kuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB. Okuhlukile kuphela okokufaka i-VX1 ne-VX2, lapha i-voltage yokufakatages ingase ibe kububanzi obungu-+8 V ukuya ku-+12 V (bheka isigaba 4.2).
• Ungalokothi uxhume noma yimaphi amandla kagesi kulayini waphansi (GND, 0 V).
• Ungalokothi ushintshe ukuxhumana komhlaba (GND, 0 V) ​​kanye +5 V, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni unomphela kweBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB!
• Ikakhulukazi, ungalokothi uxhume i-~230 V noma ~115 V ama-main voltage Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB!
  Kukhona ingozi empilweni !!!

2.2 Ukuphatha kanye nezimo zemvelo
Ukuze ugweme ukufa noma ukulimala kanye nokuvikela idivayisi emonakalweni, le mithetho elandelayo kufanele igcinwe ngokuqinile:

• Ungalokothi usebenzise Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB emakamelweni anesisi esiqhumayo noma amagesi.
• Uma abantu abasha noma abantu abangajwayelene nokusingathwa kwamasekethe e-elekthronikhi besebenza ne-MCCAB Training Board, isb, esimweni sokuqeqeshwa, abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokufanelekile abasesikhundleni somthwalo wemfanelo kufanele baqondise le misebenzi.
  Ukusetshenziswa kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 akuhlosiwe futhi kufanele kugwenywe.
• Uma Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB libonisa izimpawu zomonakalo (isb, ngenxa yengcindezi yemishini noma kagesi), akumele isetshenziselwe izizathu zokuphepha.
• Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB lingasetshenziswa kuphela endaweni ehlanzekile neyomile emazingeni okushisa afika ku-+40 °C.

2.3 Ukulungisa nokunakekela

• Ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwempahla noma ukulimala komuntu siqu, noma yikuphi ukulungisa okungase kudingeke kungenziwa kuphela izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe eziqeqeshwe ngokufanele futhi kusetshenziswa izingxenye eziyisipele zangempela.
• Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB aliqukethe izingxenye ezisebenzisekayo.

Ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe

Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB lenzelwe ukufundisa okulula nokusheshayo kolwazi mayelana nezinhlelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesistimu ye-microcontroller.
Umkhiqizo uklanyelwe kuphela izinjongo zokuqeqesha nokuzilolonga. Noma yikuphi okunye ukusetshenziswa, isb, ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezimbonini, akuvumelekile.

Isexwayiso: Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB lihloselwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa nesistimu ye-microcontroller ye-Arduino® NANO (bona Umfanekiso 2) noma imojula ye-microcontroller ehambisana nayo ngo-100%. Le mojula kufanele isetshenziswe ngevolumu yokusebenzatagi-e ye-Vcc = +5V. Uma kungenjalo, kunengozi yokulimala okungenakulungiseka noma ukucekelwa phansi kwemojuli ye-microcontroller, ibhodi lokuqeqesha kanye namadivayisi axhunywe ebhodini lokuqeqesha.
Isexwayiso: Voltages kububanzi obungu-+8 V ukuya ku-+12 V ingase ixhunywe kokungenayo i-VX1 ne-VX2 yebhodi lokuqeqesha (bheka isigaba 4.2 sale manuwali). Umqulutagkuzo zonke ezinye izinto ezifakwa ebhodini lokuqeqesha kufanele zibe ku-0 V kuya ku-+5 V.
Isexwayiso: Le miyalo yokusebenza ichaza indlela yokuxhuma nokusebenzisa kahle Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB ne-PC yomsebenzisi nanoma imaphi amamojula angaphandle. Sicela wazi ukuthi asinalo ithonya ekusebenzeni kanye/noma kumaphutha okuxhumana adalwa umsebenzisi. Umsebenzisi yedwa unesibopho sokuxhuma okulungile kwebhodi lokuqeqesha ku-PC yomsebenzisi nanoma yimaphi amamojula angaphandle, kanye nokuhlela nokusebenza okufanele! Kuwo wonke umonakalo odalwa ukuxhumana okungalungile, ukulawula okungalungile, ukuhlela okungalungile kanye / noma ukusebenza okungalungile umsebenzisi nguye yedwa onesibopho! Izimangalo zesikweletu ngokumelene nathi ngokuqondakalayo azibandakanyiwe kulawa macala.

Noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwalokho okubaluliwe akuvunyelwe! Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB akumele liguqulwe noma liguqulwe, njengoba lokhu kungase kulilimaze noma kubeke engozini umsebenzisi (isifunda esifushane, ingozi yokushisa ngokweqile nomlilo, ingozi yokushaqeka kukagesi). Uma ukulimala komuntu siqu noma ukulimala kwempahla kwenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungafanele kwebhodi lokuqeqesha, lokhu kuwumthwalo wemfanelo womsebenzisi kuphela hhayi womkhiqizi.

Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB kanye nezingxenye zalo

Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB nezinto zalo zokulawula. Ibhodi lokuqeqesha livele libekwe endaweni yokusebenza engasebenzisi ugesi futhi lixhunywe ku-PC yomsebenzisi ngentambo ye-USB encane (bona isigaba 4.3).
Ikakhulukazi ngokuhlanganiswa ne-“Microcontrollers Hands-On Course for Arduino Starters” (ISBN 978-3-89576-545-2), eshicilelwe ngu-Elektor, Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB likulungele ngokuphelele ukufunda okulula nokusheshayo kokuhlela nokusebenzisa i- isistimu ye-microcontroller. Umsebenzisi udala izinhlelo zakhe zokuzivocavoca ze-MCCAB Training Board kwi-PC yakhe ku-Arduino IDE, indawo yokuthuthukisa ene-C/C++ compiler edidiyelwe, angayilanda mahhala ku- webindawo  

Umfanekiso 1: Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB, Rev. 3.3

Izinto ezisebenzayo nezibonisiwe kuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB:

1. 11 × LED (inkomba yesimo yokokufaka/okuphumayo D2 … D12)
2. Iheda ye-JP6 yokuxhuma ama-LED LD10 … LD20 nama-GPIOs D2 … i-D12 eyabelwe wona
3. I-Terminal block SV5 (umsabalalisi) yokokufaka/okuphumayo kwe-microcontroller
4. SETHA KABUSHA inkinobho
5. Imoduli ye-Microcontroller i-Arduino® NANO (noma iyahambisana) ne-USB encane – isokhethi
6. I-LED “L”, exhunywe ku-GPIO D13
7. Isixhumi SV6 (umsabalalisi) okokufaka/okuphumayo kwe-microcontroller
8. I-Potentiometer P1
9. Phina unhlokweni JP3 ukuze ukhethe ivolumu yokusebenzatagI-e yama-potentiometers P1 kanye ne-P2
10. I-Potentiometer P2
11. Phina unhlokweni JP4 ukuze ukhethe isignali kuphinikhodi X yomucu wesixhumi ongu-SV12
12. Isixhumi se-SV12: SPI-Interface 5 V (isiginali kuphini X ikhethwa nge-JP4)
13. Isixhumi sokuxhuma i-SV11: I-SPI interface 3.3 V
14. Ibhulokhi yetheminali SV10: Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-IC 5 V
15. Ibhulokhi yetheminali SV8: I-I2 C interface 3.3 V
16. Ibhulokhi yetheminali SV9: 22 IC interface 3.3 V
17. I-Terminal block SV7: Ukushintsha okukhiphayo kumadivayisi angaphandle
18. Isibonisi se-LC esinezinhlamvu ezingu-2 x 16
19. 6 × izinkinobho zokusunduza i-K1 … K6
20. 6 × amaswishi ama-slide S1 … S6
21. Phina unhlokweni JP2 ukuze uxhume amaswishi kokokufaka kwe-microcontroller.
22. I-Terminal block SV4: umsabalalisi wevolumu yokusebenzatages
23. I-Piezo buzzer Buzzer1
24. I-Terminal block SV1: Ukushintsha okukhiphayo kumadivayisi angaphandle
25. Umugqa wetheminali SV3: Amakholomu we-matrix ye-LED engu-3 × 3 (okukhiphayo i-D6 … D8 enezixhasi zochungechunge 330 Ω)
26. Umugqa wesixhumi SV2: 2 x 13 izikhonkwane zokuxhuma amamojula angaphandle
27. 3 × 3 LED matrix (9 ama-LED abomvu)
28. Phina unhlokweni u-JP1 ukuze uxhume imigqa ye-matrix ye-LED engu-3 × 3 ne-microcontroller GPIOs D3 … D5
29. I-jumper endaweni ethi "Buzzer" yekhanda lephinikhodi i-JP6 ixhuma i-Buzzer1 ne-GPIO D9 yesilawuli esincane.

Izilawuli zomuntu ngamunye ebhodini lokuqeqesha zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo.

4.1 Imojula yesilawuli esincane se-Arduino® NANO 
I-NANO noma imojula ye-microcontroller ehambisana nayo ixhunywe ku-MCCAB Training Board (bona umcibisholo (5) kuMfanekiso 1 kanye noFigure 2 no-M1 kuMfanekiso 4). Le mojula ifakwe i-AVR microcontroller ATmega328P, elawula izingxenye eziseceleni kwebhodi lokuqeqesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona isekethe ehlanganisiwe yokuguqula ohlangothini olungezansi lwemojuli, exhuma isixhumi esibonakalayo se-microcontroller UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) ne-USB interface ye-PC. Lesi sixhumanisi sisetshenziswa futhi ukulayisha izinhlelo ezidalwe umsebenzisi ku-PC yakhe kusilawuli esincane noma ukudlulisa idatha kuye/kusuka kumonitha we-serial we-Arduino IDE (indawo yokuthuthukiswa). Ama-LED amabili i-TX ne-RX ku-Figure 2 abonisa ithrafikhi yedatha emigqeni ye-serial TxD ne-RxD yesilawuli esincane. I-Arduino®

Umfanekiso 2: Imojula ye-Microcontroller Arduino® NANO (Umthombo: www.arduino.cci)

I-LED L (bheka Umfanekiso 2 nomcibisholo (6) ku-Figure 1 - igama elithi "L" lingase lihluke kuma-clone ahambisanayo e-Arduino NANO) lixhunywe unomphela ku-GPIO D13 ye-microcontroller nge-resistor yochungechunge futhi ikhombisa isimo sayo PHANSI noma PHEZULU. I-+5 V voltagi-e regulator ohlangothini olungezansi lwemojuli iqinisa ivolumutage ihlinzekwe ngaphandle eBhodini Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB ngokufaka kwe-VIN kwemojula ye-Arduino ® NANO (bona isigaba 4.2).
Ngokucindezela inkinobho ethi RESET phezulu kwemodule ye-Arduino ® NANO (bheka Umfanekiso 2 nomcibisholo (4) ku-Figure 1) i-microcontroller isethelwe esimweni sokuqala esichaziwe futhi uhlelo oluvele lulayishiwe luqaliswa kabusha. i Konke okokufaka nokuphumayo kwe-microcontroller okubalulekile kumsebenzisi kuxhunywe emicu yetheminali emibili ethi SV5 kanye ne-SV6 (umcibisholo (3) nomcibisholo (7) kumfanekiso 1). Ngokusebenzisa izixhumi - okuthiwa ama-Dupont Cables (bheka Umfanekiso 3) - okokufaka/okuphumayo kwe-microcontroller (ebizwa nangokuthi i-GPIOs = Okokufaka Kwenhloso Ejwayelekile/Okukhiphayo) okuholwa ku-SV5 futhi i-SV6 ingaxhunywa kuzinto zokusebenza (izinkinobho, amaswishi , …) ku-MCCAB Training Board noma ezingxenyeni zangaphandle.

Umfanekiso 3: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ze-Dupont zokuxhuma ama-GPIO ezintweni zokulawula

Umsebenzisi kufanele alungiselele i-GPIO ngayinye yemojula ye-Arduino® NANO microcontroller emigqeni emibili yokuxhuma i-SV5 ne-SV6 (umcibisholo (3) nomcibisholo (7) ku-Figure 1), exhunywe ngentambo ye-Dupont kusixhumi ekuqeqesheni. ebhodini noma kusixhumi sangaphandle, ohlelweni lwakhe lwesiqondiso sedatha edingekayo njengokufaka noma okukhiphayo!
Isiqondiso sedatha sisethwa kanye nomyalelo
pinMode(gpio, isiqondiso); // ku-“gpio” faka inombolo yephinikhodi ehambisanayo // ukuze “inkombandlela” faka “INPUT” noma “OUTPUT”
Exampkancane:
pinMode(2, OUTPUT); // I-GPIO D2 isethwe njengokuphumayo
i-pinMode(13, INPUT); // I-GPIO D13 isethwe njengokungenayo
Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa izintambo ze-Arduino® NANO microcontroller module M1 kuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB.

Umfanekiso 4: Ukufakwa kwezintambo kwemojula ye-microcontroller i-Arduino® NANO kuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB
Idatha ebaluleke kakhulu yemoduli ye-microcontroller Arduino® NANO:

•Umthamo wokusebenzatage Vcc:	+5 V
•Umthamo wokusebenza ohlinzekwe ngaphandletage-VIN:	+8 V ukuya ku-12 V (bheka isigaba 4.2)
•Izikhonkwane zokufaka ze-Analog ze-ADC:	8 (AO … A7, bona amanothi alandelayo)
•Izikhonkwane zedijithali/zokukhiphayo:	12 (D2 … D13) impendulo. 16 (bona amanothi)
•Ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kwemojula ye-NANO:	cishe. 20 mA
•Ubukhulu. okokufaka/okuphumayo okwamanje kwe-GPIO:	40 mA
•Isamba sokufakwayo/okuphumayo kwawo wonke ama-GPIO:	ubuningi 200 mA
•Inkumbulo yomyalelo (Inkumbulo ye-Flash):	32 KB
•Inkumbulo esebenzayo (inkumbulo ye-RAM):	2 KB
•Inkumbulo ye-EEPROM:	1 KB
•Imvamisa yewashi:	16 MHz
•Izixhumanisi zochungechunge:	I-SPI, I2C (ye-UART ibonakala amanothi)

Amanothi

• I-GPIOs D0 kanye ne-D1 (pin 2 kanye nephinikhodi 1 yemojula M1 kuMfanekiso 4) anikezwe amasiginali i-RxD ne-TxD ye-UART ye-microcontroller futhi asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwe-serial phakathi kweBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB kanye nembobo ye-USB ye-PC. . Ngakho-ke atholakala kuphela kumsebenzisi ngokwezinga elilinganiselwe (bheka futhi isigaba 4.3).
• I-GPIOs A4 ne-A5 (iphinikhodi 23 kanye nephinikhodi 24 yemojula M1 kuMfanekiso 4) anikezwe amasignali e-SDA kanye ne-SCL yesixhumi esibonakalayo se-IC ye-microcontroller's IC (bona isigaba 4.13) futhi ngenxa yalokho abekelwe uxhumano lwe-serial kusibonisi se-LC Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB (bona isigaba 4.9) kanye namamojula we-I 2 C angaphandle axhunywe kumicu yokuxhuma i-SV8, SV9 kanye ne-SV10 (imicibisholo (15), (16) kanye (14) kuMfanekiso 1). Ngakho-ke atholakala kuphela kumsebenzisi wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-I 2 C.
• Amaphinikhodi A6 kanye ne-A7 (iphinikhodi 25 kanye nephinikhodi 26 ye-microcontroller ATmega328P kuFigure 4 angasetshenziswa kuphela okokufaka kwe-analog kwe-microcontroller's Analog/DigitalConverter (ADC). Akumele amiswe nge-Function pinMode() (hhayi ngisho njengokufakwayo!), lokhu kungaholela ekuziphatheni okungalungile komdwebo u-A6 no-A7 axhunywe unomphela kumatheminali okusula ama-potentiometers P1 kanye ne-P2 (umcibisholo (8) nomcibisholo (10) kumfanekiso 1), bona isigaba 4.3. .
• Ukuxhumana okungu-A0 … A3 kunhlokweni kaphinikhodi SV6 (umcibisholo (7) kuMfanekiso 1) kungokokufaka kwe-analog okuyinhloko kwe-Analog/Digital-Converter yesilawuli esincane. Nokho, uma ama-GPIO angu-12 edijithali D2 … i-D13 enganele ohlelweni oluthile, i-A0 … A3 ingasetshenziswa futhi njengokufakwayo/okuphumayo kwedijithali. Bese ziqondiswa ngephinikhodi 14 (A0) … 17 (A3). 2 Eksampkancane: pinMode(15, OUTPUT); // I-A1 isetshenziswa njenge-digital output pinMode(17, INPUT); // I-A3 isetshenziswa njengokufakwa kwedijithali
• Iphinikhodi D12 kukhanda likaphinikhodi SV5 (umcibisholo (3) kumfanekiso 1) kanye nezikhonkwane u-D13 kanye no-A0 … A3 onhlokweni kaphini SV6 (umcibisholo (7) kumfanekiso 1) aqondiswe ukuze aphine unhlokweni JP2 (umcibisholo (21) Emfanekisweni. 1) futhi ingaxhunywa kumaswishi S1 … S6 noma kuma-pushbuttons K1 … K6 exhunywe kuwo ngokuhambisana, bheka futhi isigaba 4.6. Kulokhu, iphinikhodi efanele kufanele imiswe njengokufakwayo kwedijithali ngomyalo we-pinMode.

Ukunemba kokuguqulwa kwe-A/D
Amasignali edijithali ngaphakathi kwe-microcontroller chip akhiqiza ukuphazamiseka kozibuthe okungathinta ukunemba kwezilinganiso ze-analog.
Uma enye ye-GPIOs A0 … A3 isetshenziswa njengokuphumayo kwedijithali, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi lokhu kungashintshi ngenkathi ukuguqulwa kwe-analog/digital kwenzeka kokunye okokufaka kwe-analog! Ushintsho lwesignali yokuphuma kwedijithali ku-A0 … A3 ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwe-analog/digital kokunye okokufaka kwe-analog A0 … A7 kungakhohlisa umphumela walokhu kuguqulwa kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo se-IC (A4 ne-A5, bona isigaba 4.13) noma i-GPIOs A0 … A3 njengokufakiwe kwedijithali ayithinti ikhwalithi yokuguqulwa kwe-analog/digital.

4.2 Ukuphakelwa kukagesi kweBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB
Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB lisebenza ne-DC esebenzayo voltage ye-Vcc = +5 V, evame ukunikezwa kuyo ngesokhethi ye-USB encane yemojuli ye-Arduino NANO microcontroller kusukela ku-PC exhunyiwe (Umfanekiso 5, Umfanekiso 2 nomcibisholo (5) kuMfanekiso 1). Njengoba i-PC ijwayele ukuxhunywa noma kunjalo ukuze kudalwe futhi kudluliselwe izinhlelo zokusebenza, lolu hlobo lokunikezwa kwamandla lulungile.
Ngale njongo, ibhodi lokuqeqesha kufanele lixhunywe embotsheni ye-USB ye-PC yomsebenzisi ngentambo ye-USB encane. I-PC inikeza ivolumu ye-DC ezinziletage cishe. +5 V, ehlukanisiwe nge-galvanically kuma-mains voltage futhi ingalayishwa ngobuningi bamanje obungu-0.5 A, ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB. Ukuba khona kwe-+5 V yokusebenza voltage iboniswa yi-LED ebhalwe ukuthi ON (noma POW, PWR) kumojula ye-microcontroller (Umfanekiso 5, Umfanekiso 2). I-+5 V voltage ehlinzekwa ngesokhethi ye-USB encane ixhunywe kumthamo wangempela wokusebenzatage Vcc kumojula yesilawuli esincane se-Arduino NANO nge-protective diode D. Ivolumu yangempela yokusebenzatage Vcc yehla kancane ku-Vcc ≈ +4.7 V ngenxa yevolumutage yehla ku-protection diode D. Lokhu kuncishiswa okuncane kwevolumu yokusebenzatage ayithinti umsebenzi we-Arduino® NANO microcontroller module. ® Kungenjalo, ibhodi lokuqeqesha lingahlinzekwa ngevolumu yangaphandle ye-DCtage umthombo. Le voltage, esetshenziswa kutheminali VX1 noma kutheminali VX2, kufanele ibe kububanzi VExt = +8 … +12 V. Ivolumu yangaphandletage ifakwa kuphinikhodi 30 (= VIN) yemojula ye-Arduino NANO microcontroller ngokusebenzisa isixhumi SV4 noma kusuka kumojula yangaphandle exhunywe kusixhumi SV2 (bona Umfanekiso 5, Umfanekiso 4 nomcibisholo (22) noma umcibisholo (26) kumfanekiso 1) . Njengoba ibhodi linikezwa amandla avela ku-PC exhunyiwe ngesokhethi yalo ye-USB, akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela emuva i-polarity yevolthi esebenzayo.tage. Ivolumu yangaphandle emibilitagama-es anganikezwa ekuxhumekeni kwe-VX1 ne-VX2 ahlukaniswa ngama-diode, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. 

Ama-diode D2 kanye ne-D3 ahlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa kwevolumu yangaphandle emibilitages ku-VX1 kanye ne-VX2, uma kwenzeka i-voltage kufanele isetshenziswe kukho kokubili okokufaka kwangaphandle ngesikhathi esisodwa ngephutha, ngoba ngenxa yama-diode kuphela ukuphakama kwevolumu emibili.tages ingafinyelela i-VIN yokufaka (iphinikhodi 30, bheka Umfanekiso 5 kanye noMfanekiso 4) we-Arduino NANO microcontroller module M1.
I-DC yangaphandle voltage ehlinzekwa kumojula ye-microcontroller kusixhumi sayo se-VIN yehliselwe ku-+5 V futhi iqiniswe ngevolumu ehlanganisiwe.tagi-e regulator ohlangothini olungezansi lwemojuli yesilawuli esincane (bona Umfanekiso 2). I-+5 V yokusebenza voltage ekhiqizwa voltagIsilawuli se-e sixhunywe ku-cathode ye-diode D ku-Figure 5. I-anode ka-D iphinde ixhunywe kumandla we-+5 V yi-PC lapho uxhumano lwe-USB ku-PC luxhunyiwe. I-diode D ivinjiwe futhi ayinakho. umphumela emsebenzini wesekethe. Ukunikezwa kwamandla ngekhebula le-USB kuvaliwe kulesi simo. I-+3.3 V i-auxiliary voltage ikhiqizwa eBhodini Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB ngevolumu yomugqatagIsilawuli esivela ku-+5 V yokusebenza voltage-Vcc yemojula yesilawuli esincane futhi inganikeza umkhawulo wamanje wamanje ongu-200 mA.

Imvamisa kumaphrojekthi, ukufinyelela kumthamo wokusebenzatages iyadingeka, isb, yevolumutage ukunikezwa kwamamojula angaphandle. Ngale njongo, Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB lihlinzeka ngomqulutagUmsabalalisi we-e SV4 (Umfanekiso 4 nomcibisholo (21) kuMfanekiso 1), lapho okuphumayo okubili kwevolumutage +3.3 V kanye nemiphumela emithathu yevolumutagI-e +5 V kanye nezixhumi eziyisithupha zomhlabathi (GND, 0 V) ​​ziyatholakala ngaphezu kwephinikhodi yokuxhuma i-VX1 yevolumu yangaphandle.tage.

4.3 Ukuxhumana kwe-USB phakathi kweBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB kanye ne-PC
Izinhlelo umsebenzisi azithuthukisayo ku-Arduino IDE (indawo yokuthuthukiswa) ku-PC yakhe zilayishwa kusilawuli esincane se-ATmega328P Kubhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB ngentambo ye-USB. Ngale njongo, imojuli yesilawuli esincane kuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB (umcibisholo (5) kuMfanekiso 1) kufanele ixhunywe embobeni ye-USB ye-PC yomsebenzisi ngentambo ye-USB encane.
Njengoba i-microcontroller ATmega328P kumojula ye-microcontroller ingenaso isixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB ku-chip yayo, imojula inomjikelezo ohlanganisiwe ohlangothini lwayo olungezansi ukuze iguqule amasiginali we-USB u-D+ no-D- abe amasiginali we-serial RxD kanye ne-TxD ye-UART ye-ATmega328P.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukukhipha idatha noma ukufunda idatha evela ku-Serial Monitor ehlanganiswe ku-Arduino IDE nge-UART yesilawuli esincane kanye noxhumo lwe-USB olulandelayo.
Ngale njongo, umtapo wezincwadi othi “Serial” uyatholakala kumsebenzisi ku-Arduino IDE.
Ibhodi lokuqeqesha livamise ukunikwa amandla ngoxhumano lwe-USB lwe-PC yomsebenzisi (bona isigaba 4.2).

Akuhlosiwe ukuthi umsebenzisi asebenzise amasiginali i-RX ne-TX yesilawuli esincane, axhunywe kunhlokweni kaphini SV5 (umcibisholo (3) kuMfanekiso 1), ekuxhumaneni kwe-serial namadivayisi angaphandle (isb i-WLAN, ama-transceivers e-Bluetooth noma okufanayo) , ngoba lokhu kungalimaza isifunda sokuguqula i-USB UART esididiyelwe ohlangothini olungezansi lwemodyuli ye-microcontroller (bheka isigaba 4.1) naphezu kokumelana nokuvikela okukhona! Uma umsebenzisi ekwenza noma kunjalo, kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-PC kanye nemojula ye-Arduino NANO microcontroller ngesikhathi esifanayo! Amasignali ahlinzekwe ngesokhethi ye-USB angaholela ekulimazeni ukuxhumana nedivayisi yangaphandle futhi, esimweni esibi kakhulu, nasekulimaleni kwehadiwe! ®

4.4 Ama-LED ayishumi nanye D2 … D12 ukuze uthole inkomba yesimo sama-GPIO we-microcontroller
Engxenyeni engezansi kwesokunxele yoMfanekiso 1 ungabona ama-LED11 angu-10 … I-LED20 (umcibisholo (1) kuMfanekiso 1), engabonisa isimo sokungenayo/okuphumayo kwe-microcontroller (GPIOs) D2 … D12.
Umdwebo wesifunda ohambisanayo uboniswa kuMfanekiso 4.
I-diode ekhipha ukukhanya ehambisanayo ixhunywe ku-GPIO, uma i-jumper ixhunywe endaweni ehambisanayo yenhloko yephinikhodi JP6 (umcibisholo (2) kuMfanekiso 1).
Uma i-GPIO D2 ehambisanayo ... D12 isezingeni eliphezulu (+5 V) lapho i-jumper ku-JP6 ixhunyiwe, i-LED eyabelwe ikhanyisa, uma i-GPIO IKUPHANSI (GND, 0 V), i-LED icishiwe.

Uma enye ye-GPIOs D2 … D12 isetshenziswa njengokufakwayo, kungase kudingeke ukuba kungasebenzi i-LED eyabelwe yona ngokususa i-jumper ukuze kugwenywe umthwalo wesiginali yokufaka ngokusebenza kwamanje kwe-LED (approx. 2 ... 3 mA).
Isimo se-GPIO D13 sikhonjiswe yi-LED L yayo ngqo kumojula ye-microcontroller (bheka uMdwebo 1 kanye noMfanekiso 2). I-LED L ayikwazi ukwenziwa ingasebenzi.
Njengoba okokufaka/okuphumayo okungu-A0 … A7 ngokuyisisekelo kusetshenziswa okokufaka kwe-analog yesiguquli se-analog/digital yesilawuli esincane noma imisebenzi ekhethekile (isikhombikubona se-TWI), abanaso isibonisi sesimo se-LED sedijithali ukuze bangaphazamisi le misebenzi.

4.5 Ama-potentiometers P1 kanye ne-P2
Izimbazo ezijikelezayo zama-potentiometer amabili u-P1 no-P2 ezansi kuMfanekiso 1 (umcibisholo (8) nomcibisholo (10) kuMfanekiso 1) zingasetshenziswa ukusetha ivolumu.tagisebangeni 0 … I-VPot ekuxhumekeni kwayo kokusula.
Izintambo zama-potentiometer amabili zingabonakala kuMfanekiso 6.

Umfanekiso 6: Izintambo zama-potentiometers P1 kanye ne-P2
Izixhumanisi ze-wiper zama-potentiometers amabili zixhunywe kokokufaka kwe-analog A6 kanye ne-A7 yemojula ye-Arduino® NANO microcontroller ngokusebenzisa izivikelo ezivikelayo u-R23 no-R24.
Ama-diode D4, D6 noma D5, D7 avikela okokufaka kwe-analog efanele kwe-microcontroller kusukela ku-voltage ephezulu kakhulu noma engalungile.tages.

Isexwayiso:
Izikhonkwane ze-A6 ne-A7 ze-ATmega328P zihlala ziyi-analog ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-chip yangaphakathi yesilawuli esincane. Ukucushwa kwabo nomsebenzi we-pinMode() we-Arduino IDE akuvunyelwe futhi kungaholela ekuziphatheni okungalungile kohlelo.

Nge-analog/digital-converter ye-microcontroller, isethi ye-voltage ingakalwa ngendlela elula.
Example yokufunda inani le-potentiometer P1 ekuxhumekeni kwe-A6: int z = i-analogRead(A6);
Inani lenombolo engu-10-bit Z, elibalwa ukusuka ku-voltage ngo-A6 ngokusho kuka-Z = (isibalo 1 kusukela esigabeni 5) 1024⋅

Umkhawulo ophezulu ofunekayo we-VPot = +3.3 V resp. I-VPot = +5 V yohlu lwezilungiselelo isethwe ngekhanda lokuphina elithi JP3 (umcibisholo (9) kumfanekiso 1). Ukuze ukhethe i-VPot, iphinikhodi 1 noma 3 ye-JP3 ixhunywe ku-pin2 kusetshenziswa i-jumper.
Imuphi umqulutage kufanele isethwe nge-JP3 ye-VPot kuncike kumthamo wereferensitage-VREF ye-analog/digital-converter kusixhumi se-REF sekhanda likaphinikhodi SV6 (umcibisholo (7) kumfanekiso 1), bona isigaba 5.
Ireferensi voltage-VREF ye-A/D-converter kutheminali ye-REF yesihloko sephinikhodi ye-SV6 kanye nevolumutage-VPot ecaciswe ne-JP3 kufanele ifane.

4.6 Amaswishi S1 … S6 nezinkinobho K1 … K6
Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB linikeza umsebenzisi izinkinobho zokucindezela eziyisithupha kanye namaswishi amaslayidi ayisithupha okuzivocavoca kwakhe (imicibisholo (20) kanye (19) kumfanekiso 1). Umfanekiso 7 ubonisa izintambo zabo. Ukuze unikeze umsebenzisi inketho yokusebenzisa isignali engunaphakade noma yokushaya kwenhliziyo kokukodwa kokufakwayo kwemojuli ye-microcontroller M1, iswishi yesilayidi esisodwa kanye nenkinobho yokusunduza eyodwa kuxhunywe ngokuhambisana.
Okukhiphayo okuvamile kwamabili amaswishi ayisithupha kuxhunywe ngesivikelo esivikelayo (R25 … R30) kunhlokweni kaphini JP2 (umcibisholo (21) kuMfanekiso 1). Ukuxhumana okuhambisanayo kweswishi yama-slide kanye nenkinobho yokusunduza ene-resistor evamile yokusebenza (R31 … R36) kusebenza njengokusebenza okunengqondo NOMA: Uma ngeswishi eyodwa kwezimbili (noma womabili amaswishi ngasikhathi sinye) i- +5 V vol.tagu-e ukhona ku-resistor evamile yokusebenza, leli zinga ELIPHEZULU elinengqondo ngokusebenzisa isixhasi esiyisivikelo nalo likhona kuphinikhodi ehambisanayo 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 noma 12 ye-JP2. Kuphela uma womabili amaswishi evuliwe, uxhumano lwawo oluvamile luvuliwe futhi iphinikhodi ehambisanayo yekhanda lephinikhodi i-JP2 idonselwa ezingeni ELIPHANSI (0 V, GND) ngoxhumo lochungechunge lwe-resistor evikelayo kanye ne-resistor esebenzayo.

Umfanekiso 7: Izintambo zesilayidi / inkinobho yokusunduza ishintsha i-S1 … S6 / K1 … K6
Iphinikhodi ngayinye yenhloko yephinikhodi i-JP2 ingaxhunywa kokokufaka kwayo eyabelwe okungu-A0 … A3, D12 noma D13 ye-Arduino
Imojula ye-NANO microcontroller nge-jumper. Umsebenzi uboniswa kuMfanekiso 7.
Okunye, ukuxhumana kweswishi kumaphini 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 noma 12 wekhanda likaphini we-JP2 lingaxhunywa kunoma yikuphi okokufaka kwe-D2 … D13 noma A0 … A3 yemojula ye-Arduino® microcontroller kumakhanda kaphini SV5 noma SV6 ( umcibisholo (3) nomcibisholo (7) kumfanekiso 1) usebenzisa intambo ye-Dupont. Le ndlela yokuxhumana eguquguqukayo ingcono esabelweni esimisiwe sokushintsha ngakunye ku-GPIO ethile uma i-GPIO eyabelwe ye-ATmega328P microcontroller isetshenziselwa umsebenzi okhethekile (Okokufaka kwe-A/D-converter, ukuphuma kwe-PWM ... ). Ngale ndlela umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuxhuma ama-switch akhe kuma-GPIO amahhala kuhlelo lokusebenza olufanele, okungukuthi, angahlali nomsebenzi okhethekile.

Kuhlelo lwakhe, umsebenzisi kufanele alungise i-GPIO ngayinye ye-Arduino® NANO microcontroller module njengokufakwayo, exhunywe ku-switch port, usebenzisa i-pinMode yokufundisa (gpio, INPUT); // kokuthi “gpio” faka inombolo yephinikhodi ehambisanayo
Example: pinMode(A1, INPUT); // I-A1 isethwe njengokufakwayo kwedijithali kwe-S2|K2
Esimeni lapho i-GPIO yesilawuli esincane esixhunywe kuswishi isilungiselelwe ukuthi iphume ngephutha, izithasiselo zokuvikela ezingu-R25 … R30 zivimbela okufushane phakathi kuka-+5 V kanye ne-GND (0 V) uma iswishi icushiwe futhi i-GPIO inezinga ELIPHANSI. ekuphumeni kwayo.

Ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa inkinobho yokuphusha, inkinobho yesilayidi exhunywe ngokuhambisana nayo kufanele ivuleke (indawo ethi “0”)! Uma kungenjalo, okukhiphayo okuvamile kusezingeni eliphezulu unomphela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi ukushintshwa kwenkinobho yokusunduza.
Izindawo zokushintshwa kwama-slide ziphawulwe ngokuthi “0” kanye “1” ebhodini lokuqeqesha njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso we-8 ubonisa: Uma inkinobho isendaweni "1", ukuphuma kwe-switch kuxhunywe ku-+5 V (HIGH), endaweni "0" ukuphuma kwe-switch kuvuliwe.

4.7 I-piezo buzzer Buzzer1
Ingxenye engaphezulu kwesokunxele yomfanekiso 1 ibonisa i-Buzzer1 (umcibisholo (23) kumfanekiso 1), ovumela umsebenzisi ukuthi akhiphe amathoni amafrikhwensi ahlukene. Ukujikeleza kwayo okuyisisekelo kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 9.
I-Buzzer1 ingaxhunywa ku-GPIO D9 yesilawuli esincane kuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB nge-jumper endaweni “I-Buzzer” yekhanda likaphini we-JP6 (umcibisholo (29) ku-Figure 1) (bona Umfanekiso 9, Umfanekiso 4 kanye nomcibisholo (2) kuMfanekiso 1). I-jumper ingasuswa uma i-GPIO D9 idingeka ohlelweni ngezinye izinjongo.
Uma i-jumper isusiwe, kuyenzeka futhi usebenzise isignali yangaphandle ukuze uphine u-24 wesihloko sephinikhodi JP6 ngentambo ye-Dupont futhi ukhiphe nge-Buzzer1.

Umfanekiso 9: Izintambo ze-Buzzer1
Ukuze ukhiqize amathoni, umsebenzisi kufanele akhiqize isignali ohlelweni lwakhe eshintsha nemvamisa yethoni ayifunayo ekuphumeni kwe-D9 yesilawuli esincane (esidwetshwe ngakwesokudla kuMfanekiso 9).
Lokhu kulandelana okusheshayo kwamaleveli angu-HIGH kanye naPHANSI kusebenza ivolumu engunxande ye-ACtage kuya ku-Buzzer1, eshintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ipuleti le-ceramic ngaphakathi kwe-buzzer ukuze ikhiqize ukudlidliza komsindo ngefrikhwensi yethoni efanele.

Indlela elula nakakhulu yokukhiqiza ithoni ukusebenzisa i-T/C1 (Isibali/Ikhawunta 1) yesilawuli esincane: I-T/C1 okukhipha i-OC1A ye-AVR microcontroller ATmega328P kumojula ye-Arduino NANO microcontroller ingaxhunywa ku-GPIO D9 ngaphakathi kwe-microcontroller. chip. Ngohlelo olufanele lwe-T/C1, kulula kakhulu ukukhiqiza isignali engunxande lapho imvamisa yayo f = ® 1 ?? (T isikhathi sesignali yonxande) iguqulwa ibe ithoni efiswayo yi-buzzer. Umfanekiso we-10 ubonisa ukuthi i-piezo buzzer akusona isipikha se-hi-fi. Njengoba kubonakala, impendulo yemvamisa ye-piezo buzzer ayinalutho. Umdwebo osemfanekisweni we-10 ubonisa izinga lokucindezela komsindo (SPL) we-piezo transducer SAST-2155 esuka ku-Sonitron elinganiswa ebangeni elingu-1 m njengomsebenzi wemvamisa yesignali. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zomzimba nokuzwakala kwemvelo, amaza athile akhiqizwa kakhulu futhi amanye athambile. Umdwebo ohambisanayo we-piezo buzzer kuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB ubonisa ijika elifanayo.

Umfanekiso 10: Impendulo ejwayelekile yemvamisa ye-piezo buzzer (Isithombe: Sonitron)

Naphezu kwalokhu mkhawulo, i-piezo buzzer iwukuyekethisa okuhle phakathi kwekhwalithi yokukhiqiza kabusha yemisindo ekhiqizwe i-microcontroller kanye ne-footprint yayo ebhodini, evumela ukuthi ihlaliswe endaweni encane. Ezimeni lapho ikhwalithi ephezulu yokuphuma komsindo idingeka, i-piezo buzzer inganqanyulwa kokuphumayo kwe-D9 ngokususa i-jumper futhi i-D9 ingaxhunywa kumishini yangaphandle ukuze kukhiqizwe kabusha umsindo kusihloko sephini SV5 isb, ngentambo ye-Dupont (uma kunesidingo. , nge-voltage divider ukunciphisa amplitude ukugwema ukulimala okokufaka stagfuthi).

4.8 I-3 × 3 LED matrix
Ama-LED angu-9 engxenyeni yesobunxele yoMfanekiso 1 ahlelwe nge-matrix enamakholomu angu-3 nemigqa emi-3 (umcibisholo (27) kuMfanekiso 1). Umjikelezo wabo uboniswa ku-Figure 11. Ama-LED angu-9 angalawulwa ngama-GPIO angu-6 kuphela we-microcontroller ngenxa yokuhlelwa kwe-matrix.
Imigqa yamakholomu amathathu A, B kanye no-C ixhunywe unomphela kuzikhonkwane u-D8, D7 kanye no-D6 wesilawuli esincane njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 11. Ama-resistors amathathu u-R5 … R7 emigqeni yekholomu akhawulela amandla amanje ngama-LED. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa yekholomu ixhunywe kusixhumi esingu-SV3 (umcibisholo (25) kuMfanekiso 1).

Uxhumano lwemigqa emithathu 1, 2 kanye no-3 kuhanjiswa kunhlokweni kaphini JP1 (umcibisholo (28) kumfanekiso 1). Angaxhunywa nezikhonkwane ze-microcontroller D3 … D5 ngokusebenzisa ama-jumpers. Kungenjalo, amaphinikhodi 1, 2 noma 3 kunhlokweni JP1 angaxhunywa ngezintambo ze-Dupont kunoma yikuphi ukuphuma kwe-D2 … D13 noma A0 … A3 yemojula ye-Arduino NANO microcontroller kuzo zombili izihloko SV5 kanye ne-SV6 (umcibisholo (3) nomcibisholo (7) kuMfanekiso 1) uma enye yama-GPIO abelwe i-D3 … i-D5 yesilawuli esincane se-ATmega328P kumojula ye-Arduino ® NANO microcontroller isetshenziselwa umsebenzi okhethekile. Ama-LED angu-9 alebulwe ngokuthi A1 … C3 ngokohlelo lwawo ngaphakathi kwe-matrix, isb, i-LED B1 itholakala kukholomu yomugqa B kanye nomugqa woku-1.

Umfanekiso 11: Ama-LED ayisishiyagalolunye asesimweni se-3 × 3 matrix

Ama-LED ngokuvamile alawulwa uhlelo lomsebenzisi ku-loop engapheli, lapho umugqa owodwa wemigqa emithathu 1, 2 kanye no-3 isethwe ngokujikelezayo ukuze ibe namandla APHANSI, kuyilapho eminye imigqa emibili isethwe kuzinga ELIPHEZULU noma iku-impedance ephezulu. isimo (Hi-Z). Uma i-LED eyodwa noma amaningi kumugqa okwamanje acushwe ileveli EPHANSI izokhanyiswa, itheminali yayo yekholomu A, B noma C isethelwe kuleveli EPHAKEME. Amatheminali amakholomu ama-LED kumugqa osebenzayo okungafanele akhanyise amandla APHANSI. Okwesiboneloampi-le, ukwenza womabili ama-LED A3 kanye ne-C3 akhanye, umugqa 3 kumelwe ube ngeleveli ELIPHANSI futhi amakholomu A no-C kumelwe abe PHEZULU, kuyilapho ikholomu B ikuleveli ELIPHANSI futhi yomibili imigqa yomugqa 1 no-2 isezingeni ELIPHAKEME noma iku-HIGH. high impedance state (Hi-Z).
Isexwayiso: Uma imigqa yemigqa ye-matrix ye-3 × 3 ye-LED ixhunywe kuma-GPIOs D3 ... D5 ngokusebenzisa izijumba kunhlokweni kaphini JP1 noma kwamanye ama-GPIO we-microcontroller ngezintambo ze-Dupont, le migqa yemigqa kanye nemigqa yekholomu D6 ... D8 akumele isetshenziselwe eminye imisebenzi kuhlelo. Ukunikezwa okuphindwe kabili kwe-matrix GPIOs kungaholela ekungasebenzini kahle noma ekulimazeni ibhodi lokuqeqesha!

4.9 I-LC-Display (LCD)
Phezulu kwesokudla soMfanekiso 1 isibonisi se-LC (LCD) sokubonisa amanani ombhalo noma amanani (umcibisholo (18) kuMfanekiso 1). I-LCD inemigqa emibili; umugqa ngamunye ungabonisa izinhlamvu eziyi-16. Ukujikeleza kwayo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 12.
Idizayini yesibonisi se-LC ingahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi, isb, izinhlamvu ezimhlophe kungemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma izinhlamvu ezimnyama kungemuva eliphuzi noma okunye ukubukeka okungenzeka.
Njengoba i-LCD ingadingeki kuzo zonke izinhlelo, i-+5 V yokusebenza voltagI-e ye-LCD ingaphazanyiswa ngokudonsa i-jumper kunhlokweni yephinikhodi i-JP5, uma ukukhanya kwangemuva kwe-LCD kufanele kuphazamise.

Umfanekiso 12: Ukuxhumana kwesibonisi se-LC

Isilungiselelo sokuqhathanisa
Umthengi Webhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB kufanele alungise ukungafani kwesibonisi se-LC ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kokuqala! Ukuze wenze lokhu, umbhalo ukhishelwa ku-LCD futhi umehluko kulungiswa ngokushintsha i-resistor yokunquma eboniswe kuMfanekiso 13 (umcibisholo omhlophe kumfanekiso 13) nge-screwdriver kusukela phansi ebhodini lokuqeqesha ukuze izinhlamvu ezisesibonisini. ziboniswa ngokufanele.
Uma ukulungiswa kabusha kudingekile ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuguga, umsebenzisi angalungisa ukugqama kwe-LCD ngokulungisa lesi siphikisayo sokunquma uma kudingeka.

Umfanekiso 13: Ukulungiswa kokungafani kwe-LCD ne-screwdriver

Ukudluliswa kwedatha ku-LC-Display

I-LC-Display ilawulwa nge-serial TWI (=I2 C) isixhumi esibonakalayo se-microcontroller ATmega328P. Isixhumi esingu-A4 kunhlokweni kaphinikhodi i-SV6 (umcibisholo (7) kumfanekiso 1) sisebenza njengomugqa wedatha we-SDA (Idatha Yedatha) kanye no-A5 njengomugqa wewashi i-SCL (I-Serial CLock).
Isibonisi se-LC eBhodini Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB ngokuvamile sinekheli le-I2 C elithi 0x27.
Uma elinye ikheli kufanele lisetshenziswe ngenxa yezizathu zokukhiqiza, leli kheli liboniswa ngesitikha esibonisweni. Kumdwebo womsebenzisi, leli kheli kufanele libe selisetshenziswa esikhundleni sekheli elithi 0x27.

Isilawuli esifakwe kusibonisi se-LC sihambisana nezinga elisetshenziswa kakhulu lezimboni i-HD44780, okunenani elikhulu lemitapo yolwazi ye-Arduino (isb. https://github.com/marcoschwartz/LiquidCrystal_I2C) ku-inthanethi ukuze ulawule nge
IC2 ibhasi. Imitapo yolwazi ngokuvamile ingalandwa mahhala kwabafanele webindawo.

4.10 Umshayeli ukhipha i-SV1 ne-SV7 kuma-currents aphezulu okukhiphayo nevoltages
Izihloko zephinikhodi SV1 (umcibisholo (24) kumfanekiso 1) kanye ne-SV7 (umcibisholo (17) Emdwebeni 1) zingasetshenziswa ukuvula nokuvala imithwalo edinga amaza aphezulu ngaphezu kwe-approx. 40 mA okungalethwa okukhiphayo kwe-microcontroller njengomkhawulo. Umthamo wokusebenzatagI-e yomthwalo wangaphandle ingafika ku-+24 V futhi okuphumayo kwamanje kungafika ku-160 mA. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulawula amamotho amancane (isb., ama-fan motors), ama-relay noma ama-bulb amancane ngokuqondile ngesilawuli esincane sebhodi lokuqeqesha.
Umfanekiso we-14 ubonisa umdwebo wesifunda wemiphumela emibili yomshayeli.

Umfanekiso 14: Umshayeli ukhipha i-SV1 ne-SV7 kuma-currents okukhiphayo aphezulu

Izindawo ezideshiselwe kuMfanekiso 14 zibonisa ukuthi imithwalo ixhunywe kanjani ekuphumeni komshayeli, kusetshenziswa i-exampi-relay kanye ne-motor:

• Isigxobo esihle somthamo wokusebenza wangaphandletagu-e uxhunywe kuphinikhodi 3 (obhalwe ukuthi “+” ebhodini) wesihloko esithi SV1 resp. SV7. Ukuxhumeka okuhle kakhulu komthwalo nakho kuxhunywe kuphinikhodi 3 yesihloko sephinikhodi SV1 noma SV7.
• Uxhumo olungeluhle kakhulu lomthwalo luxhunywe kuphinikhodi 2 (ebhalwe ukuthi “S” ebhodini) yesihloko esithi SV1 resp. SV7.
• Isigxobo esinegethivu sevolumu yangaphandle yokusebenzatagi-e ixhunywe kuphinikhodi 1 (ebhalwe ukuthi ” ” ebhodini) kanhlokweni SV1 resp. SV7.
  Umshayeli stagI-e SV1 ixhunywe unomphela ku-GPIO D3 yesilawuli esincane kanye nomshayeli stagI-e SV7 ixhunywe unomphela ku-GPIO D10 yesilawuli esincane. Njengoba i-D3 ne-D10 kuyimiphumela ye-PWM enamandla ye-microcontroller, kungenzeka ukulawula kalula, ngokwesibonelo.ampi-le, isivinini se-DC motor exhunyiwe noma ukukhanya kwesibani. Ama-diode avikelayo i-D1 ne-D8 aqinisekisa ukuthi i-voltagIziqongo ze-e, ezenzeka lapho ucisha imithwalo ye-inductive, azikwazi ukulimaza okukhiphayotage.
  Isignali EPHAKEME ekuphumeni kwe-D3 ye-microcontroller ishintsha ku-transistor T2 futhi uxhumano olubi kakhulu lomthwalo ku-SV1 luxhunywe emhlabathini (GND) ngokushintsha i-transistor T2. Ngakho-ke, umthwalo uyavulwa, ngoba yonke ivolumu yangaphandle yokusebenzatage manje uyaphuma kuyo.
  Isignali EPHANSI ku-D3 ivimba i-transistor T2 futhi umthwalo oxhunywe ku-SV1 uyacishwa. Okufanayo kusebenza kokuphumayo kwe-D10 ye-microcontroller kanye nesihloko esithi SV7.

4.11 Isixhumi sesokhethi se-SV2 sokuxhumanisa amamojula angaphandle
Ngesixhumi sesokhethi i-SV2 (umcibisholo (26) kuMfanekiso 1) amamojula angaphandle namabhodi esekethe aphrintiwe angadokhwa kuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB. Lawa mamojula angaba amabhodi ezinzwa, iziguquli zedijithali/i-analog, amamojula e-WLAN noma omsakazo, izibonisi zezithombe noma amasekhethi ukuze kwandiswe inani lemigqa yokufaka/yokukhiphayo, ukubala nje ezimbalwa kweziningi ongakhetha kuzo. Ngisho namamodeli ezicelo aphelele, njengamamojula okuqeqesha ubunjiniyela bokulawula noma ukulawula ukukhanya kwethrafikhi, adinga ama-GPIO amaningi ukuze alawule, angaxhunywa kusixhumi sesokhethi se-SV2 seBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB futhi alawulwe isilawuli esincane saso. Umugqa wesixhumi sowesifazane u-SV2 uqukethe abathintwayo abangu-26, abahlelwe ngemigqa emi-2 yabathintana nabo abangu-13 ngamunye. Oxhumana nabo abanezinombolo ezingavamile basemugqeni ongaphezulu, abathintwayo abanezinombolo ezilinganayo basemgqeni ongezansi womugqa wesokhethi we-SV2.

Umfanekiso 15: Iphinikhodi yesixhumi sesokhethi SV2

Ukunikezwa kwephinikhodi ye-SV2 kukhombisa uMfanekiso 15. Konke ukuxhumana okuhlobene nemojuli yangaphandle yeBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB kuholelwa kumugqa wesokhethi SV2.
I-GPIOs D0 kanye ne-D1 (RxD ne-TxD) kanye nokokufaka kwe-analog A6 ne-A7 akuxhumekile ku-SV2, ngoba i-D0 ne-D1 ibekelwe ukuxhumana kwe-serial phakathi kwe-MCCAB Training Board kanye ne-PC futhi itholakala kumsebenzisi kuphela indlela elinganiselwe kakhulu (bheka Amanothi esigabeni 4.1) kanye ne-A6 kanye ne-A7 zixhunywe unomphela kumatheminali ama-wiper ama-potentiometers P1 kanye ne-P2 eBhodini Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB (bheka isigaba 4.3) ngakho-ke ngeke asetshenziswe ngenye indlela.

Ohlelweni lwakhe, umsebenzisi kufanele alungiselele i-GPIO ngayinye yemojuli ye-Arduino NANO microcontroller kumakhanda amabili ephinikhodi i-SV5 ne-SV6 (umcibisholo (3) nomcibisholo (7) ku-Figure 1), esetshenziswa imojula yangaphandle ku-SV2, ukuze uthole isiqondiso sedatha edingekayo NJENGOKUFAKAYO noma UKUPHUMA (bona isigaba 4.1)! ®
Isexwayiso: Ama-GPIO we-microcontroller ATmega328P kuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB, asetshenziswa imojuli exhunywe ku-SV2, akumele asetshenziselwe eminye imisebenzi ohlelweni. Ukwabelwa kabili kwalawa ma-GPIO kungaholela ekungasebenzini kahle noma ekulimaleni kwebhodi lokuqeqesha!

4.12 Izihloko zephinikhodi zokuxhunywa kwamamojula e-SPI
Izihloko zephinikhodi SV11 (umcibisholo (13) kumfanekiso 1) kanye ne-SV12 (umcibisholo (12) Emfanekisweni 1) zingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB njengomphathi we-SPI ngamamojula wesigqila angaphandle anoxhumano lwe-SPI (SPI = I-Serial Peripheral Isixhumi esibonakalayo). I-Serial Peripheral Interface ivumela ukudluliswa kwedatha okuvumelanisa okusheshayo phakathi kwebhodi lokuqeqesha kanye nemojula ye-peripheral.
I-AVR microcontroller ATmega328P ine-SPI yehadiwe ku-chip yayo, izimpawu zayo i-SS, MOSI, MISO ne-SCLK zingaxhunywa ngaphakathi kwe-chip ye-microcontroller kuma-GPIOs D10 ... D13 kumakhanda kaphini SV5 kanye ne-SV6 (umcibisholo (3) nomcibisholo (7) ) kuMfanekiso 1).
Ku-Arduino IDE, umtapo wezincwadi we-SPI uyatholakala ukuze ulawulwe amamojula e-SPI, ahlanganiswe nohlelo lomsebenzisi ngokuthi #include

Umfanekiso 16: Iphinikhodi yesixhumi se-SPI SV11

Njengoba amamojula e-SPI anomthamo wokusebenzatage +3.3 V kanye namamojula e-SPI anomthamo wokusebenzatagI-e +5 V ivamile, Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB linikeza nge-SV11 kanye ne-SV12 imichilo yokuxhumana enezintambo ezimbili ezihambisanayo ukuze imboze zombili izinketho.
Uma i-jumper shorts iphina u-2 no-3 kanhlokweni we-JP4 (bona Umfanekiso 17 ngenhla), kokubili i-SPI interfaces SV11 kanye ne-SV12 zisebenzisa iphinikhodi yokukhipha efanayo engu-D10 yesilawuli esincane njengomugqa we-SS (Slave Select), njengoba kubonisa uMfanekiso 16 noFigure 17! Ngakho-ke, eyodwa kuphela yezixhumi ezimbili i-SV11 noma i-SV12 ingase ixhunywe kumojula ye-SPI ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kanyekanye komugqa ofanayo we-SS kumadivayisi ahlukene kungaholela emaphutheni okudlulisela kanye namasekethe amafushane emigqeni ye-SPI! Isigaba 4.12.3 sibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi izigqila ezimbili ze-SPI zingaxhunywa kanjani ku-SV11 ne-SV12 ngesikhathi esisodwa.

4.12.1 Isixhumi esibonakalayo SV11 samamojula e-SPI anomthamo wokusebenza ongu-+3.3 Vtage
Isixhumi esingu-SV11 (umcibisholo) (13) kumfanekiso 1) sivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi asungule uxhumano lwe-SPI ye-serial (SPI = I-Serial Peripheral Interface) phakathi kwe-MCCAB Training Board kanye nemojula ye-SPI yangaphandle ene-voltage engu-+3.3 V.tage, ngenxa yokuthi amaleveli amasiginali we-SPI we-SS, MOSI kanye ne-SCLK kusixhumi esibonakalayo SV11 ancishiswa abe ngu-3.3 V ngevolumutage abahlukanisi. Ileveli engu-3.3 V emugqeni wokufaka we-SPI we-MISO ibonwa njengesignali e-HIGH yi-AVR microcontroller ATmega328P ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuthi iphakanyiswe ileveli engu-5 V. Izintambo ze-SV11 ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 16.

4.12.2 Isixhumi esibonakalayo SV12 samamojula e-SPI anomthamo wokusebenza ongu-+5 Vtage
I-Interface SV12 (umcibisholo (12) kumfanekiso 1) ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi asungule uxhumano lwe-SPI olulandelanayo phakathi kweBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB nesigqila se-SPI sangaphandle esine-voltage engu-+5 V.tage, ngoba amasiginali SS, MOSI, MISO kanye ne-SCLK yesixhumi esibonakalayo SV12 asebenza ngamaleveli esignali angu-5 V.
Izintambo ze-SV12 ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 17.

Umfanekiso 17: Iphinikhodi yesixhumi se-SPI SV12

Ukuhlelwa kwephini kusihloko sephinikhodi i-SV12 sihambisana nomsebenzi wephinikhodi onconyiwe wohlelo lwe-AVR olubonakalayo lomkhiqizi we-AVR i-Microchip, eboniswa kuMfanekiso 18. Lokhu kunikeza umsebenzisi ithuba lokuhlela kabusha i-bootloader ye-ATmega328P ngedivayisi yokuhlela efanelekile esebenzisa uhlelo. isixhumi esibonakalayo se-SPI, isb, uma sidinga ukubuyekezwa kwenguqulo entsha noma sisuswe ngephutha.

Umfanekiso 18: Umsebenzi wephinikhodi onconyiwe wesixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo lwe-AVR

Ukukhethwa kwesignali X kuphinikhodi 5 ye-SV12
Ngokuya ngohlelo olufunayo, ukuxhumana X kuphinikhodi 5 ye-SV12 (Umfanekiso 17) kunganikezwa ngamasignali ahlukene:

1. I-jumper ixhuma amaphinikhodi 2 no-3 ekhanda likaphini we-JP4.
   Uma izikhonkwane 2 no-3 zekhanda likaphini we-JP4 (bona Umfanekiso 17 ngenhla nomcibisholo (11) kuMfanekiso 1) lifushaniswa nge-jumper, i-GPIO D10 (isignali SS) yesilawuli esincane ixhunywe kuphinikhodi 5 yesixhumi esingu-SV12. I-SV12 isetshenziswa ke njengesixhumi esibonakalayo se-SPI esijwayelekile ne-SS (Slave Select) GPIO D10.
   Kulokhu, kokubili ukuxhumana kwe-SPI SV11 kanye ne-SV12 kusebenzisa umugqa we-SS ofanayo D10! Ngakho-ke, eyodwa kuphela yezixhumi ezimbili zokuxhuma i-SV11 noma i-SV12 ingase ixhunywe kumojula ye-SPI, ngoba ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile ngesikhathi esisodwa komugqa ofanayo we-SS ngamadivayisi ahlukene kungaholela emaphutheni okudlulisela kanye namasekhethi amafushane emigqeni ye-SPI!
2. I-jumper ixhuma amaphinikhodi 1 kanye no-2 ekhanda likaphini we-JP4. Kulesi simo, ulayini we-RESET we-microcontroller uxhunywe kuphinikhodi 5 yesihloko sephinikhodi SV12. Kule modi i-SV12 isebenza njengesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuhlela se-microcontroller ATmega328P, ngoba ngenqubo yokuhlela ulayini we-RESET we-ATmega328P kufanele uxhunywe ku-pin X (pin 5) we-pin header SV12. Kule modi, i-ATmega328P iyisigqila se-SPI kanti umhleli wangaphandle uyinkosi.

4.12.3 Ukuxhumeka ngesikhathi esisodwa kwamamojula e-SPI ku-SV11 ne-SV12
Uma kunesidingo sokuxhuma imojula engu-3.3 V kanye nemojula engu-5 V eBhodini Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu kungabonakala ngezintambo eziboniswe kuMfanekiso 19. Izikhonkwane 1 no-3 zenhloko yephinikhodi i-JP4 azixhunyiwe, i-pin 2 ye-JP4 ixhunywe kwenye ye-digital GPIOs D2 … D9 kusihloko sephini SV5 (umcibisholo (3) kumfanekiso 1) ngentambo ye-Dupont, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 19. Lokhu okukhiphayo kwe-microcontroller ATmega328P bese kufeza umsebenzi isignali eyengeziwe ye-SS kusixhumi X (iphinikhodi 5) yekhanda lephinikhodi SV12. Umfanekiso 19 ukhombisa inqubo kusetshenziswa i-example ye-D9 njengesixhumi esengeziwe se-SS2.

Umfanekiso 19: Ukuxhumeka ngesikhathi esisodwa kwamamojula amabili e-SPI eBhodini Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB Kulesi simo, kokubili ukuxhumana kwe-SPI i-SV11 ne-SV12 kungase kuxhunywe ezigqileni zangaphandle ze-SPI ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba kokubili i-SV11 ne-SV12 zisebenzisa imigqa ye-SS ehlukene manje: Izinga ELIPHANSI I-GPIO D10 yenza kusebenze imojula ye-SPI ku-SV11 futhi ileveli EPHANSI ku-GPIO D9 icupha imojula ye-SPI ku-SV12 (bona Umfanekiso 19).
Isilawuli esincane esikuBhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB singashintsha kuphela idatha enemojuli eyodwa exhunywe ebhasini nge-SV11 noma i-SV12 ngesikhathi esifanayo. Njengoba ubona kuMfanekiso 19, imigqa ye-MISO yakho kokubili i-SV11 ne-SV12 ixhunywe ndawonye. Uma zombili izixhumanisi zingenziwa zisebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa ngezinga ELIPHANSI kusixhumi sazo se-SS futhi zingadlulisela idatha kusilawuli esincanyana, amaphutha okudlulisela kanye namasekhethi amafushane kolayini be-SPI kungaba umphumela!

4.13 Izihloko zephinikhodi SV8, SV9 kanye ne-SV10 yesixhumi esibonakalayo se-TWI (=I2C)
Ngezihloko zephinikhodi SV8, SV9 kanye ne-SV10 (imicibisholo (15), (16) kanye (14) kumfanekiso 1) umsebenzisi angakwazi ukusungula uchungechunge I.
C = I-Inter-Integrated Circuit) ye-microcontroller ebhodini lokuqeqesha enoxhumo lwangaphandle lwe-I2 C (amamojula e-I2C. Eshidini ledatha le-AVR microcontroller ATmega328P isixhumi esibonakalayo se-I2C sibizwa nge-TWI (Two Wire Interface) Izintambo zezixhumi ezintathu kuboniswa kuMfanekiso20. 

Umfanekiso 20: I-TWI (=I2C)-Interface Kubhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB

Amamojula C ane-+3.3 V yokusebenza voltage ixhunywe ku-SV8 noma ku-SV9. Ukulungiswa kwezinga stage ku-SV8 kanye ne-SV9 yehlisa izinga lesignali engu-5 V ye-AVR microcontroller ATmega328P ibe ileveli yesiginali engu-3.3 V yamamojula angaphandle. I-I At SV10, lawo mamojula we-I 2 C axhunyiwe, asebenza nevolumu yokusebenzatagI-e +5 V. I 2 C interface iqukethe kuphela imigqa emibili eqondiwe kabili i-SDA (Idatha Yedatha) kanye ne-SCL (I-Serial CLock). Ukuze uthole umehluko ongcono, kuMfanekiso 20 imigqa ye-SDA ne-SCL imakwe ngesijobelelo esingu-5V ngaphambi kokulungiswa kwezingatage kanye nesijobelelo 3V3 ngemva kokulungiswa kwezinga stage. I-microcontroller ye-AVR i-ATmega328P ine-hardware TWI (I-Two Wire Interface, esebenza ngokufana ne-interface ye-I 2 C) ku-chip yayo, izimpawu zayo ze-SDA ne-SCL zingaxhunywa ngaphakathi kwe-microcontroller chip ku-GPIOs A4 ne-A5 kusihloko sephini SV6 ( umcibisholo (7) kumfanekiso 1).
Ku-IDE ye-Arduino, umtapo wezincwadi wezintambo uyatholakala ukuze ulawulwe amamojula we-I 2 C, ahlanganiswe nohlelo lomsebenzisi ngokuthi #include . 2

Amacebiso okusetshenziswa kwesiguquli se-analog/digital se-ATmega328P

Esimisweni esimisiwe ngemva kokuvula ivolumu yokusebenzatagI-e yemoduli ye-microcontroller i-Arduino NANO, i-analog/digital converter (ADC) ye-microcontroller ine-analog voltage ububanzi VADC = 0 … +5 V. Kulokhu, i-+5 V yokusebenza voltagI-e Vcc yemojula yesilawuli esincane nayo iyireferensi voltage-VREF ye-ADC, inqobo nje uma itheminali ye-REF yesixhumi esingu-SV6 (umcibisholo (7) kuMfanekiso 1) ingaxhunyiwe. I-ADC ye-ATmega328P iguqula i-analog input voltage VADC kokunye okokufaka kwayo okungu-A0 … A7 kunani ledijithali elingu-10-bit Z. Inani lenombolo Z likumpendulo kanambambili. inombolo ye-hexadecimal ububanzi ®

Z = 00 0000 00002 … 11 1111 11112 = 000 … 3FF16.
Lokhu kuhambisana nebanga lenombolo yedesimali
Z = 0 … (2– 1) = 0 ….

102310

1024

Ububanzi obuvunyelwe bokufaka kwe-analogi voltagi-e yi-VADC = 0 V … 10 1023 REFV⋅
Ukunemba kokuguqulwa kwe-analog/digital kuncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yereferensi voltage-VREF, ngoba enani lenombolo engu-10-bit elingu-Z elikhiqizwe isiguquli se-analog/digital se-microcontroller siyasebenza:

Z =.1024 (Isibalo 1)

I-VADC iyivolumu yokufakatagI-e yesiguquli se-analog/digital kokunye okokufaka kwayo okungu-A0 … A7 kanye ne-VREF ivolumu yereferensitage isethelwe isiguquli. Ireferensi voltagI-e ingakalwa nge-voltmeter ene-impedance ephezulu phakathi kwetheminali ye-REF ye-SV6 kanye nomhlabathi wesekethe GND. Umphumela wokuguqulwa kwe-analog/digital uyinani eliphelele, okungukuthi, noma yiziphi izindawo zedesimali ezibangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwevolumu emibili.tages VADC kanye VREF anqanyuliwe. I-+5 V yokusebenza voltagI-e ephakelwa yi-PC ngekhebula le-USB kukhiqizwa ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintshwa kwe-PC. Kodwa-ke, ivolumu yokuphumayotagI-e yokushintsha kwamandla kagesi ngokuvamile ine-AC voltage ingxenye ebekwe phezulu kuyo, enciphisa ukunemba kokuguqulwa kwe-analog/digital. Imiphumela engcono ingatholakala ngokusebenzisa i-+3.3 V auxiliary voltagiqiniswe ngevolumu yomugqatage umlawuli kwi-MCCAB Training Board njengereferensi voltage yokuguqula i-analog/digital. Ngale njongo, isiguquli se-analog/digital se-ATmega328P siqaliswa kuhlelo ngereferensi ye-analog yomyalelo(EXTERNAL); // usetha ivolumutage-pin REF njengereferensi voltage ngokusho kwereferensi eshintshile voltagU-e bese uphina i-REF yekhanda likaphinikhodi SV6 (umcibisholo (7) ku-Figure 1) ixhunywe endaweni eseduze ethi +3.3 V pin 3V3 kuhlokweni kaphini SV6 ngekhebuli ye-Dupont noma i-jumper.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi i-analog voltage VADC ku-reference voltage-VREF = 3.3 V isaguqulelwa kumanani we-digital 10-bit ebangeni elithi 0 … 102310, kodwa ububanzi bokulinganisa besiguquli se-analog/digital siyehliselwe kububanzi VADC = 0 … +3.297 V.
Ngokubuyisela, ukulungiswa okungcono kakhulu kwemiphumela yokuguqulwa kufinyelelwa, ngoba i-LSB (inani elincane elixazululekayo) manje isiyi-3.2 mV kuphela.

Umthamo wokufakatage I-VADC yesiguquli se-analog/digital kokokufaka kwayo kwe-analog A0 … A7 kunhlokweni kaphini ethi SV6 kufanele njalo ibe ncane kunevelu ye-VREF kutheminali REF ye-SV6!
Umsebenzisi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi i-VADC < VREF!
Ukuze uthole "Ukunemba kokuguqulwa kwe-A/D" bheka futhi inothi ekhasini 11.

I-Library “MCCAB_Lib” Yebhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB

Ukuze usekele umsebenzisi ekulawuleni izingxenye eziningi zehadiwe (amaswishi, izinkinobho, ama-LED, 3 × 3 LED matrix, i-buzzer) eBhodini Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB, umtapo wezincwadi othi “MCCAB_Lib” uyatholakala, ongadawuniloda mahhala kusizindalwazi se-inthanethi.  www.elektor.com/20440 ngabathengi bebhodi lokuqeqesha.

Okunye Imibhalo Ngokusetshenziswa Kwebhodi Lokuqeqesha le-MCCAB

Encwadini ethi "Microcontrollers Hands-On Course for Arduino Starters" (ISBN 978-3-89576-5452) ngeke uthole kuphela isingeniso esinemininingwane yokuhlelwa kwama-microcontrollers kanye nolimi lokuhlela C, olusetshenziswa ku-Arduino IDE. ngokubhala izinhlelo, kodwa futhi nencazelo enemininingwane yezindlela zomtapo wezincwadi "MCCAB_Lib" kanye nenhlobonhlobo yesicelo examples kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenzisa i-MCCAB Training Board.

Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza

elektor Arduino NANO Training Board MCCAB [pdf] Incwadi Yeziqondiso Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-Arduino NANO MCCAB, Arduino, Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha le-NANO MCCAB, Ibhodi Lokuqeqesha i-MCCAB, Ibhodi le-MCCAB

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