I-EDA-LOGO

I-EDA ED-HMI3020-070C Amakhompyutha Ashumekiwe

I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computers-PRODUCT

Ulwazi Lomkhiqizo

  • Imininingwane
    • Imodeli: ED-HMI3020-070C
    • Umkhiqizi: I-EDA Technology Co., LTD
    • Isicelo: IOT, ukulawulwa kwezimboni, okuzenzakalelayo, amandla aluhlaza, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa
    • Abafundi Abasekelwe: Unjiniyela Wemishini, Unjiniyela Kagesi, Unjiniyela Wesoftware, Unjiniyela Wesistimu
    • Ukusekela: Ukusetshenziswa Kwangaphakathi Kuphela

Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo

  • Imiyalo yokuphepha
    • Sebenzisa umkhiqizo endaweni ehlangabezana nezicaciso zedizayini.
    • Gwema imisebenzi engekho emthethweni engaholela ezingozini zokuphepha komuntu siqu noma ukulahlekelwa impahla.
    • Ungaguquli okokusebenza ngaphandle kwemvume.
    • Lungisa ngokuphephile okokusebenza ngesikhathi sokufakwa ukuze ugweme ukuwa.
    • Gcina ibanga okungenani elingu-20cm ukusuka empahleni uma inothi.
    • Gwema ukusebenzisa okokuhlanza okuwuketshezi futhi uqhelelane noketshezi nezinto ezivuthayo.
    • Sebenzisa umkhiqizo ngaphakathi endlini kuphela.
  • Ulwazi lokuxhumana
    • Uma udinga olunye usizo noma unemibuzo, ungaxhumana ne-EDA Technology Co., LTD:
  • Isitatimende se-copyright
    • I-ED-HMI3020-070C kanye namalungelo ayo empahla yobuhlakani ahlobene aphethwe yi-EDA Technology Co., LTD. Noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okungagunyaziwe noma ukuguqulwa kwalo mbhalo akuvunyelwe.
  • Amabhukwana Ahlobene
    • Ungathola eminye imibhalo yomkhiqizo enjengama-database, amanuwali abasebenzisi, nemihlahlandlela yohlelo lokusebenza ku-EDA Technology Co., LTD. webindawo.
  • I-Reader Scope
    • Le manuwali yakhelwe Onjiniyela Bemishini, Onjiniyela Bakagesi, Onjiniyela Besoftware, kanye Nonjiniyela Besistimu abazobe besebenzisa umkhiqizo.
  • Isandulelo
    • Imanuwali yomkhiqizo ihlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kanye nokuphathwa komkhiqizo. Sicela ufunde imanuwali ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

  • Umbuzo: Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ngaphandle?
    • A: Cha, umkhiqizo usekelwa kuphela ukusetshenziswa endlini.
  • Umbuzo: Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngihlangabezana nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe?
    • A: Ungaxhumana nosekelo lobuchwepheshe nge-imeyili kokuthi support@edatec.cn. noma ngocingo ku- +86-18627838895.

Isandulelo

Amabhukwana Ahlobene
Zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo yomkhiqizo equkethwe kumkhiqizo ziboniswa kuthebula elilandelayo, futhi abasebenzisi bangakhetha ukwenza kanjalo view imibhalo ehambisanayo ngokwezidingo zabo.

Amadokhumenti Isiyalezo
Idatha ye-ED-HMI3020-070C Lo mbhalo wethula izici zomkhiqizo, isofthiwe nokucaciswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, ubukhulu nekhodi yoku-oda ye-ED-HMI3020-070C ukuze usize abasebenzisi baqonde iyonke imingcele yesistimu yemikhiqizo.
ED-HMI3020-070C Incwadi Yomsebenzisi Lo mbhalo wethula ukubukeka, ukufakwa, ukuqalisa kanye nokucushwa kwe-ED-HMI3020-070C ukuze usize abasebenzisi basebenzise umkhiqizo kangcono.
ED-HMI3020-070C Umhlahlandlela Wokufaka Isicelo Lo mbhalo wethula ukulanda kwe-OS files, ukukhanya kumakhadi e-SD, Isibuyekezo Se-Firmware, kanye Nokulungiselela ukuqala kusuka ku-SSD ye-ED- HMI3020-070C ukusiza abasebenzisi basebenzise umkhiqizo kangcono.

Abasebenzisi bangavakashela okulandelayo webisayithi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe: https://www.edatec.cn.

I-Reader Scope

  • Leli bhukwana lisebenza kubafundi abalandelayo:
    • Unjiniyela Wemishini
    • Unjiniyela Kagesi
    • Unjiniyela Wesoftware
    • Unjiniyela Wesistimu

Isivumelwano Esihlobene

Ingqungquthela Engokomfanekiso

I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (1)

Imiyalo yokuphepha

Lo mkhiqizo kufanele usetshenziswe endaweni ehlangabezana nezidingo zokucaciswa kwedizayini, ngaphandle kwalokho ungabangela ukwehluleka, futhi ukungahambi kahle kokusebenza noma ukulimala kwengxenye okubangelwa ukungahambisani nemithetho efanele akukho kububanzi bokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

  • Inkampani yethu ngeke ibe nesibopho esingokomthetho ngezingozi zokuphepha komuntu siqu kanye nokulahlekelwa kwempahla okubangelwa ukusebenza okungekho emthethweni kwemikhiqizo.
  • Sicela ungaguquli okokusebenza ngaphandle kwemvume, okungase kubangele ukungasebenzi kwemishini.
  • Lapho ufaka imishini, kuyadingeka ukulungisa imishini ukuze ivimbele ukuwa.
  • Uma okokusebenza kufakwe uthi, sicela ugcine ibanga okungenani elingu-20cm ukusuka empahleni ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
  • Ungasebenzisi izinto zokuhlanza eziwuketshezi, futhi ugweme uketshezi nezinto ezivuthayo.
  • Lo mkhiqizo usekelwa kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi.

Ifaka i-OS
Lesi sahluko sethula indlela yokukhipha i-OS files bese uwakhanyisa ekhadini le-SD.

  • Ilanda i-OS File
  • Ikhanyisa ekhadini le-SD

Ilanda i-OS File

Uma isistimu yokusebenza ilimele ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, udinga ukulanda kabusha inguqulo yakamuva ye-OS file kanye ne-flash ekhadini le-SD. Indlela yokukhipha ithi ED-HMI3020-070C/raspios.

Ikhanyisa ekhadini le-SD

I-ED-HMI3020-070C iqala isistimu ekhadini le-SD ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa i-OS yakamuva, udinga ukukhanyisa i-OS ekhadini le-SD. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ithuluzi le-Raspberry Pi, futhi indlela yokulanda imi kanje:

I-Raspberry Pi Imager: https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/imager/imager_latest.exe.

Ukulungiselela:

  • Ukudawuniloda nokufakwa kwethuluzi le-Raspberry Pi Imager kukhompyutha sekuqediwe.
  • Isifundi sekhadi sesilungisiwe.
  • I-OS file isitholiwe.
  • Ikhadi le-SD le-ED-HMI3020-070C selitholiwe.

QAPHELA: Sicela uvale amandla ngaphambi kokufaka noma ukukhipha ikhadi le-SD.

  • a) Thola indawo yekhadi le-SD, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuphawu olubomvu lomfanekiso ongezansi.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (2)
  • b) Bamba ikhadi le-SD ulikhiphe.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (3)

Izinyathelo:
Izinyathelo zichazwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lweWindows njenge-example.

  1. Faka ikhadi le-SD esifundweni sekhadi, bese ufaka isifundi sekhadi embobeni ye-USB ye-PC.
  2. Vula i-Raspberry Pi Imager, khetha "KHETHA I-OS" bese ukhetha "Sebenzisa Ngokwezifiso" kufasitelana le-pop-up.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (4)
  3. Ngokuya ngomyalo, khetha i-OS elandiwe file ngaphansi kwendlela echazwe umsebenzisi bese ubuyela ekhasini eliyinhloko.
  4. Chofoza okuthi “KHETHA ISITOREJI”, khetha ikhadi le-SD le-ED-HMI3020-070C kufasitelana elithi “Isitoreji”, bese ubuyela ekhasini eliyinhloko.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (5)
  5. Chofoza okuthi “OKULANDELAYO”, bese ukhetha okuthi “CHA” ku-pop-up ethi “Sebenzisa ukwenza ngokwezifiso i-OS?” ifasitelana.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (6)
  6. Khetha okuthi “YEBO” kufasitelana elithi “Isexwayiso” esizivelelayo ukuze uqale ukubhala isithombe.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (7)
  7. Ngemuva kokuthi ukubhalwa kwe-OS kuqediwe, ifayela le- file izoqinisekiswa.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (8)
  8. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuqinisekiswa sekuqediwe, chofoza okuthi "QHUBEKA" ebhokisini le-pop-up elithi "Ukubhala Kuphumelele".
  9. Vala i-Raspberry Pi Imager, bese ususa isifundi sekhadi.
  10. Faka ikhadi le-SD ku-ED-HMI3020-070C, bese ulivula futhi.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (9)

I-Firmware Update

Ngemuva kokuthi isistimu iqale ngokujwayelekile, ungenza imiyalo elandelayo kufasitelana lomyalo ukuze uthuthukise i-firmware futhi wenze imisebenzi yesoftware ngokugcwele.

  • sudo apt update
  • ukuthuthukiswa kwe-sudo apt

Ilungiselela ukubhutha kusuka ku-SSD (kuyakhetheka)

Lesi sahluko sethula izinyathelo zokumisa ukubhutha kusuka ku-SSD.

  • Ikhanyisa ku-SSD
  • Ilungiselela BOOT_ORDER

Ikhanyisa ku-SSD

I-ED-HMI3020-070C isekela i-SSD yokuzikhethela. Uma abasebenzisi bedinga ukuqalisa isistimu ku-SSD, badinga ukukhanyisa isithombe ku-SSD ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
QAPHELA: Uma kukhona ikhadi le-SD ku-ED-HMI3020-070C, isistimu izoqala ekhadini le-SD ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukukhanyisa ngebhokisi le-SSD

Ukulungiselela:

  • Ibhokisi le-SSD selilungisiwe. I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (10)
  • Ikesi ledivayisi livuliwe futhi i-SSD ikhishiwe. Ukuze uthole imisebenzi enemininingwane, sicela ubheke Izigaba 2.3 no-2.4 ze-“ED-HMI3020-070C User Manual”.
  • Ukudawuniloda nokufakwa kwethuluzi le-Raspberry Pi Imager kukhompyutha sekuqediwe.
  • I-OS file isitholiwe, futhi indlela yokulanda ithi ED-HMI3020-070C/raspios.

Izinyathelo:
Izinyathelo zichazwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lweWindows njenge-example.

  1. Faka i-SSD ebhokisini le-SSD.
  2. Xhuma imbobo ye-USB yebhokisi le-SSD ku-PC, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi i-SSD ingaboniswa ku-PC.
    • ICEBISO: Uma i-SSD ingakwazi ukuboniswa ku-PC, ungafometha i-SSD kuqala.
  3. Vula i-Raspberry Pi Imager, khetha "KHETHA I-OS" bese ukhetha "Sebenzisa Ngokwezifiso" kufasitelana le-pop-up.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (11)
  4. Ngokuya ngomyalo, khetha i-OS elandiwe file ngaphansi kwendlela echazwe umsebenzisi bese ubuyela ekhasini eliyinhloko.
  5. Chofoza okuthi “KHETHA ISITOREJI”, khetha i-SSD ye-ED-HMI3020-070C kufasitelana elithi “Isitoreji”, bese ubuyela ekhasini eliyinhloko.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (12)
  6. Chofoza okuthi “OKULANDELAYO”, bese ukhetha okuthi “CHA” ku-pop-up ethi “Sebenzisa ukwenza ngokwezifiso i-OS?” ifasitelana.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (13)
  7. Khetha okuthi “YEBO” kufasitelana elithi “Isexwayiso” esizivelelayo ukuze uqale ukubhala isithombe.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (14)
  8. Ngemuva kokuthi ukubhalwa kwe-OS kuqediwe, ifayela le- file izoqinisekiswa.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (15)
  9. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuqinisekiswa sekuqediwe, chofoza okuthi "QHUBEKA" ebhokisini le-pop-up elithi "Ukubhala Kuphumelele".
  10. Vala i-Raspberry Pi Imager bese ususa ibhokisi le-SSD.
  11. Khipha i-SSD ebhokisini le-SSD, faka i-SSD ku-PCBA bese uvala ikesi ledivayisi (Ukuze uthole imisebenzi enemininingwane, sicela ubheke Izigaba 2.5 no-2.7 ze-“ED-HMI3020-070C User Manual”).

Iyakhanya ku-ED-HMI3020-070C

Ukulungiselela:

  • I-ED-HMI3020-070C iqaliswe ekhadini le-SD, futhi i-ED-HMI3020-070C iqukethe i-SSD.
  • I-OS file isitholiwe, futhi indlela yokulanda ithi ED-HMI3020-070C/raspios.

Izinyathelo:
Izinyathelo zichazwa kusetshenziswa uhlelo lweWindows njenge-example.

  1. Vula i-OS elandiwe file (“.zip” file), thola okuthi “.img” file, futhi uyigcine ohlwini lwemibhalo olucacisiwe lwe-PC yendawo, njenge-Desktop.
  2. Sebenzisa umyalo we-SCP ku-Windows PC ukuze ukopishe i-OS file (.img) kuya ku-ED-HMI3020-070C.
    • a) Faka i-Windows+R ukuze uvule ifasitelana lokugijima, faka i-cmd, bese ucindezela u-Enter ukuze uvule ifasitelana lomyalo.
    • b) Yenza umyalo olandelayo ukuze ukopishe i-OS file (.img) kumkhombandlela we-pi we-ED- HMI3020-070C.
    • scp “Desktop\2024-01-10-ed-HMI3020-070C_raspios-bookworm-arm64_stable.img” pi@192.168.168.155:~I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (27)
    • Desktop\2024-01-10-ed-HMI3020-070C_raspios-bookworm-arm64_stable.img: Ibonisa indlela yokugcina ethi “.img” file kuWindows PC.
    • I-Pi: Ibonisa indlela yokugcina ye-“.img” file ku-ED-HMI3020-070C (indlela lapho i-“.img” file kugcinwa ngemva kokuqedwa kokukopisha).
    • 192.168.168.155: Ikheli le-IP lika-ED-HMI3020-070C
  3. Ngemva kokuqedwa kwekhophi, view i-“.img” file kumkhombandlela we-pi we-ED-HMI3020-070C.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (16)
  4. Chofoza isithonjana I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (17)ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele sedeskithophu, khetha okuthi “Izesekeli→Isithombe” kumenyu, bese uvula ithuluzi le-Raspberry Pi Imager.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (18)
  5. Chofoza okuthi “KHETHA IDIVAYISI”, bese ukhetha okuthi “Raspberry Pi 5” kufasitelana le-pop-up “Raspberry Pi Device”.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (19)
  6. Chofoza okuthi “KHETHA I-OS”, bese ukhetha okuthi “Sebenzisa Ngokwezifiso” kufasitelana le-pop-up elithi “Operating System”.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (20)
  7. Ngokuya ngomyalo, khetha i-OS elandiwe file ngaphansi kwendlela echazwe umsebenzisi bese ubuyela ekhasini eliyinhloko.
  8. Chofoza okuthi “KHETHA ISITOREJI”, khetha i-SSD ye-ED-HMI3020-070C kufasitelana elithi “Isitoreji”, bese ubuyela ekhasini eliyinhloko.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (21)
  9. Chofoza okuthi “OKULANDELAYO” bese ukhetha okuthi “CHA” ku-pop-up ethi “Sebenzisa ukwenza ngokwezifiso i-OS?”.
  10. Khetha "YEBO" ku-pop-up "Isexwayiso".I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (22)
  11. Faka iphasiwedi (i-raspberry) ku-pop-up ethi "Qinisekisa", bese uchofoza u-"Qinisekisa" ukuze uqale ukubhala i-OS.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (23)
  12. Ngemuva kokuthi ukubhalwa kwe-OS kuqediwe, ifayela le- file izoqinisekiswa.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (24)
  13. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuqinisekiswa sekuqediwe, faka iphasiwedi (i-raspberry) ku-pop-up ethi "Qinisekisa", bese uchofoza okuthi "Qinisekisa".
  14. Ebhokisini lomyalo elithi "Bhala Kuphumelele", chofoza okuthi "QHUBEKA", bese uvala i-Raspberry Pi Imager.

Ilungiselela BOOT_ORDER

Uma i-ED-HMI3020-070C iqukethe ikhadi le-SD, isistimu izoqala ekhadini le-SD ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma ufuna ukusetha ukuqala ku-SSD, udinga ukulungisa isici se-BOOT_ORDER, esisetha ukubhutha ku-SSD ngokuzenzakalela uma lingafakiwe ikhadi le-SD). Amapharamitha wesakhiwo se-BOOT_ORDER agcinwe kokuthi “rpi-eeprom-config” file.

Ukulungiselela:

  • Kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi i-ED-HMI3020-070C iqukethe i-SSD.
  • I-ED-HMI3020-070C iqaliswe ekhadini le-SD futhi ideskithophu iboniswa ngokujwayelekile.

Izinyathelo:

  1. Yenza umyalo olandelayo kufasitelana lomyalo ukuze view impahla ye-BOOT_ORDER ku-“rpi-eeprom-config” file.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (25)
    • I-“BOOT_ORDER” emfanekisweni ikhombisa ipharamitha yokulandelana yokuqalisa, futhi ukusetha inani lepharamitha ku-0xf41 kubonisa ukuqala ekhadini le-SD.
  2. Yenza umyalo olandelayo ukuze uvule i- "rpi-eeprom-config" file, bese usetha inani elithi “BOOT_ORDER” ku-0xf461 (0xf461 kusho ukuthi uma ikhadi le-SD lingafakiwe, lizoqala lisuka ku-SSD; uma ikhadi le-SD lifakiwe, lizoqala ekhadini le-SD.), bese wengeza ipharamitha “ PCIE_PROBE=1”. sudo -E RPI-eeprom-config -edit
    • QAPHELA: Uma ufuna ukuqalisa ku-SSD, kuyanconywa ukuthi usethe i-BOOT_ORDER ibe ngu-0xf461.I-EDA-ED-HMI3020-070C-Embedded-Computer-FIG-1 (26)
  3. Faka u-Ctrl+X ukuze uphume kumodi yokuhlela.
  4. Faka u-Y ukuze ulondoloze i- file, bese ucindezela u-Enter ukuze uphume ekhasini eliyinhloko lefasitelana lomyalo.
  5. Vala i-ED-HMI3020-070C bese ukhipha ikhadi le-SD.
  6. Vula i-ED-HMI3020-070C ukuze uqale kabusha idivayisi.

I-EDA Technology Co., LTD ngoMashi 2024

Xhumana nathi

Siyabonga kakhulu ngokuthenga nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yethu, futhi sizokukhonza ngenhliziyo yonke. Njengomunye wozakwethu bomklamo womhlaba wonke we-Raspberry Pi, sizibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ngezixazululo zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ze-IOT, ukulawula izimboni, ezishintshayo, amandla aluhlaza kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ngokusekelwe kuplathifomu yobuchwepheshe ye-Raspberry Pi.

Ungaxhumana nathi ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

  • I-EDA Technology Co., LTD
  • Ikheli: Isakhiwo esingu-29, No.1661 Jialuo Highway, Isifunda sase-Jiading, e-Shanghai
  • Imeyili: sales@edatec.cn.
  • Ucingo: +86-18217351262
  • Webindawo: https://www.edatec.cn.

Ukusekela kwezobuchwepheshe:

Isitatimende se-copyright

  • I-ED-HMI3020-070C kanye namalungelo ayo empahla yobuhlakani ahlobene aphethwe yi-EDA Technology Co., LTD.
  • I-EDA Technology Co., LTD ingumnikazi welungelo lokushicilela lo mbhalo futhi igodle wonke amalungelo. Ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliwe ye-EDA Technology Co., LTD, ayikho ingxenye yalo mbhalo engashintshwa, isatshalaliswe noma ikopishwe nganoma iyiphi indlela noma nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Umshwana wokuzihlangula

I-EDA Technology Co., LTD ayiqinisekisi ukuthi ulwazi olukule manuwali lusesikhathini samanje, lulungile, luphelele noma lusezingeni eliphezulu. I-EDA Technology Co., LTD futhi ayiqinisekisi ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwalolu lwazi. Uma ukulahlekelwa kwempahla noma okungeyona into ehlobene kubangelwe ukusebenzisa noma ukungalusebenzisi ulwazi olukule manuwali, noma ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olungalungile noma olungaphelele, inqobo nje uma kungenabufakazi bokuthi kuyinhloso noma ubudedengu be-EDA Technology Co., LTD, isimangalo sesikweletu se-EDA Technology Co., LTD singakhululwa. I-EDA Technology Co., LTD igodla ngokusobala ilungelo lokushintsha noma ukwengeza okuqukethwe noma ingxenye yaleli bhukwana ngaphandle kwesaziso esikhethekile.

Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza

I-EDA ED-HMI3020-070C Amakhompyutha Ashumekiwe [pdf] Umhlahlandlela Womsebenzisi
ED-HMI3020-070C Amakhompiyutha Ashumekiwe, ED-HMI3020-070C, Amakhompyutha Ashumekiwe, Amakhompyutha

Izithenjwa

Shiya amazwana

Ikheli lakho le-imeyili ngeke lishicilelwe. Izinkambu ezidingekayo zimakiwe *