Cisco Nexus 3000 Series NX-OS Multicast Umhlahlandlela Wokulungisa Umzila Wokusebenzisa Umhlahlandlela
Mayelana ne-IGMP
I-IGMP iphrothokholi ye-IPv4 esetshenziswa umsingathi ukuze acele idatha yokusakaza okuningi yeqembu elithile. Isebenzisa ulwazi olutholwe nge-IGMP, isofthiwe igcina uhlu lwamaqembu okusakaza okuningi noma ubulungu besiteshi ngokwesisekelo sokusebenzelana ngakunye. Amasistimu athola lawa maphakethe e-IGMP athumela idatha yokusakaza okuningi abayitholayo yamaqembu aceliwe noma iziteshi eziphuma engxenyeni yenethiwekhi yabamukeli abaziwayo. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, inqubo ye-IGMP iyasebenza. Awukwazi ukunika amandla i-IGMP mathupha kusixhumi esibonakalayo. I-IGMP inikwa amandla ngokuzenzakalela uma wenza omunye wemisebenzi elandelayo yokumisa kusixhumi esibonakalayo:
- Nika amandla i-PIM
- Hlanganisa ngokuqhubekayo iqembu lendawo lokusakaza okuningi
- Nika amandla imibiko yeqembu lendawo yesixhumanisi
Izinguqulo ze-IGMP
Iswishi isekela i-IGMPv2 ne-IGMPv3, kanye nokwamukela umbiko we-IGMPv1. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, isoftware inika amandla i-IGMPv2 uma iqala inqubo ye-IGMP. Unganika amandla i-IGMPv3 ezindaweni lapho ufuna khona amandla ayo. I-IGMPv3 ifaka phakathi izinguquko ezibalulekile ezilandelayo ukusuka ku-IGMPv2:
- Ukusekelwa kwe-Source-Specific Multicast (SSM), eyakha izihlahla zendlela emfushane ukusuka kumamukeli ngamunye ukuya emthonjeni, ngokusebenzisa izici ezilandelayo:
- Imiyalezo engusokhaya engacacisa kokubili iqembu kanye nomthombo.
- Isimo sokusakaza okuningi esinakekelwa amaqembu nemithombo, hhayi nje okwamaqembu njengaku-IGMPv2.
- Ababungazi abasakwazi ukucindezela umbiko, okusho ukuthi ababungazi bahlale bethumela imibiko yobulungu be-IGMP uma umlayezo wombuzo we-IGMP wamukelwe.
Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana ne-IGMPv2, bheka I-RFC 2236.
Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana ne-IGMPv3, bheka I-RFC 3376.
Izisekelo ze-IGMP
Inqubo eyisisekelo ye-IGMP yerutha ethola abasingathi be-multicast iboniswa kulo mfanekiso. Abasingathi 1, 2, no-3 bathumela imilayezo yombiko wobulungu be-IGMP engaceliwe ukuze baqale ukuthola idatha yokusakaza okuningi yeqembu noma isiteshi.
Emfanekisweni IGMPv1 kanye ne-IGMPv2 Inqubo Yempendulo Yombuzo, irutha A, okuyi-IGMP eqokiwe ebuzwe ku-subnet, ithumela imilayezo yemibuzo eqenjini eliphethe bonke abasingathi be-multicast kokuthi 224.0.0.1 ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ithole ukuthi ingabe bakhona yini ababungazi abafuna ukuthola idatha yokusakaza okuningi. Ungakwazi ukumisa inani lokuvala lobulungu beqembu elisetshenziswa umzila ukuze unqume ukuthi awekho amalungu eqembu noma umthombo okhona ku-subnet. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokumisa amapharamitha e-IGMP, bheka isigaba esithi Configuring IGMP Interface Parameters.
Isofthiwe ikhetha umzila njengombuzo we-IGMP ku-subnet uma inekheli le-IP eliphansi kakhulu. Uma nje irutha iqhubeka nokuthola imilayezo yombuzo kumzila onekheli le-IP eliphansi, isetha kabusha isibali sikhathi esisekelwe enanini layo lokuvala lemibuzo. Uma isibali sikhathi se-router siphelelwa yisikhathi, siba umbuzo oqokiwe. Uma leyo router kamuva ithola umlayezo wombuzo womsingathi ovela kumzila onekheli le-IP eliphansi, yehlisa indima yayo njengombuzo oqokiwe bese isetha isibali sikhathi sayo futhi.
Kulesi sibalo, umbiko wobulungu bosokhaya 1 uyacindezelwa futhi usokhaya 2 uthumela umbiko wawo wobulungu eqenjini 224.1.1.1 kuqala. Umsingathi 1 uthola umbiko ovela kumsingathi 2. Ngenxa yokuthi umbiko wobulungu owodwa kuphela eqenjini ngalinye odinga ukuthunyelwa kumzila, abanye ababungazi bacindezela imibiko yabo ukuze behlise ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Umsingathi ngamunye ulinda isikhawu sesikhathi esingahleliwe ukuze agweme ukuthumela imibiko ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ungakwazi ukumisa ipharamitha yesikhathi sokuphendula esiphezulu sombuzo ukuze ulawule isikhawu lapho abasingathi benza ngokungahleliwe izimpendulo zabo.
Qaphela ukuthi ukucindezelwa kombiko wobulungu be-IGMPv1 kanye ne-IGMPv2 kwenzeka kuphela kubasingathi abaxhunywe embotsheni efanayo.
Emfanekisweni olandelayo, irutha A ithumela umbuzo weqembu kanye nomthombo we-IGMPv3 ku-LAN. Abasingathi 2 no-3 baphendula umbuzo ngemibiko yobulungu ebonisa ukuthi bafuna ukuthola idatha evela eqenjini elikhangisiwe nomthombo. Lesi sici se-IGMPv3 sisekela i-SSM. Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nokumisa ukuhumusha kwe-SSM ukuze kusekelwe i-SSM yabasingathi be-IGMPv1 kanye ne-IGMPv2, bheka ethi Ukulungiselela Ukuhumusha kwe-IGMP SSM, ekhasini 12.
Qaphela ukuthi abasingathi be-IGMPv3 abacindezeli umbiko wobulungu be-IGMP.
Imilayezo ethunyelwe umceli oqokiwe inenani lesikhathi sokuphila (i-TTL) elingu-1, okusho ukuthi imilayezo ayidluliswa amarutha axhumeke ngokuqondile ku-subnet. Ungamisa ukuvama kanye nenani lemilayezo yemibuzo ethunyelwe ngokuqondile ukuqalisa kwe-IGMP, futhi ungakwazi ukumisa isikhathi esifushane semibuzo ekuqaleni ukuze isimo seqembu sisungulwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Nakuba ngokuvamile kungenasidingo, ungakwazi ukushuna isikhathi sombuzo esisetshenziswe ngemva kokuqala sibe yinani elilinganisa ukuphendula kumilayezo yobulungu beqembu kanye nethrafikhi edalwe kunethiwekhi.
⚠ Isexwayiso Ukushintsha isikhathi sombuzo kungaba nomthelela omubi ekudluliselweni kokusakaza okuningi.
Uma umsingathi we-multicast eshiya iqembu, umsingathi osebenzisa i-IGMPv2 noma kamuva uthumela umlayezo wokushiya we-IGMP. Ukuhlola ukuthi lo msingathi ungumsingathi wokugcina ukushiya iqembu, isofthiwe ithumela umlayezo wombuzo we-IGMP bese iqala isibali sikhathi ongakwazi ukusilungiselela esibizwa ngokuthi isikhawu sokuphendula kombuzo welungu lokugcina. Uma ingekho imibiko etholwayo ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesibali sikhathi, isofthiwe isusa isimo seqembu. Umzila uyaqhubeka nokuthumela ithrafikhi ye-multicast yeqembu kuze kube yilapho isimo sayo sisuswa.
Ungalungisa inani lokuqina ukuze unxephezele ukulahleka kwephakethe kunethiwekhi eminyene. Inani lokuqina lisetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-IGMP ukunquma inani lezikhathi zokuthumela imilayezo.
Xhumanisa amakheli endawo kububanzi obungu-224.0.0.0/24 agcinwe Igunya Lezinombolo Ezinikezwe I-inthanethi (IANA). Izivumelwano zenethiwekhi engxenyeni yenethiwekhi yendawo zisebenzisa la makheli; ama-router awawadluliseli phambili lawa makheli ngenxa yokuthi ane-TTL engu-1. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, inqubo ye-IGMP ithumela imibiko yobulungu kuphela kumakheli endawo angapinki, kodwa ungamisa isofthiwe ukuthumela imibiko ukuze kuxhunywe amakheli endawo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokumisa amapharamitha e-IGMP, bheka isigaba esithi Configuring IGMP Interface Parameters.
Ukusekelwa Kwezinto ezibonakalayo
I-Cisco NX-OS isekela i-virtual routing and forwarding (VRF). Ungakwazi ukuchaza izimo ze-VRF eziningi. I-VRF elungiselelwe ne-IGMP isekela izici ezilandelayo ze-IGMP:
- I-IGMP inikwe amandla noma ivaliwe kusixhumi esibonakalayo ngasinye
- I-IGMPv1, IGMPv2, ne-IGMPv3 ihlinzeka ngosekelo oluseceleni komzila
- I-IGMPv2 kanye ne-IGMPv3 zinikeza ukwesekwa kohlangothi lwabasingathi
- Isekela ukucushwa kwemingcele ye-IGMP querier
- Ukubika kwe-IGMP kusekelwa ukuze kuxhunywe amaqembu okusakaza amaningi endawo
- Ukuhumusha kwe-IGMP SSM kusekela ukumepha kwamaqembu e-IGMPv2 kusethi yemithombo
- Isekela ukusebenza kweseva ye-multicast trace-route (Mtrace) ukucubungula izicelo ze-Mtrace
Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nokumisa ama-VRF, bona I-Cisco Nexus 3000 Series NX-OS Unicast Unicast Routing Guide.
Izinkombandlela kanye nemikhawulo ye-IGMP
I-IGMP ineziqondiso ezilandelayo kanye nemikhawulo:
- Ukungafaki noma ukuvimba uhlu lwemithombo ngokuya nge-IGMPv3 (RFC 3376) akusekelwa.
- Zonke izimbobo zangaphandle zerutha ye-multicast (kungaba emiswe ngokwezibalo noma efundiwe ngamandla) zisebenzisa inkomba ye-LTL yomhlaba wonke. Njengomphumela walokho, ithrafikhi ku-VLAN X iphumela ezimbobeni zerutha ye-multicast kuzo zombili i-VLAN X ne-VLAN Y, uma kwenzeka womabili amachweba omzila we-multicast (iziqu ze-Layer 2) aphathe zombili i-VLAN X ne-VLAN Y.
- Kumaswishi e-Cisco Nexus 3000 Series, kufanele uqophe iswishi izifunda ze-RACL TCAM ukuze wenze i-IGMP ne-PIM zisebenze ku-Layer 3 interface. Amanye ama-Multicast ACL azenzakalelayo esistimu afakwe ezifundeni ze-RACL ayadingeka ukuze i-IGMP ne-PIM zisebenze ku-Layer 3 interface.
- Ukuqala ngoKhipha okungu-7.0(3)I2(1), lapho ulungisa isixhumi esibonakalayo ku-VRF, ulungisa i-PIM, thumela i-IGMP ejoyina futhi uqinisekise umyalo we-CLI show ip fib mroute, umlayezo wephutha uboniswa kanje: IPHUTHA: Akuvumelekile. Ubunikazi bethebula. Ithebula elimisiwe alidalwa kuze kube yilapho kukhona okuhlanganisayo kusixhumi esibonakalayo ngaphansi kwe-VRF ezenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, iphutha liyavezwa ngenkathi izama ukubonisa ithebula elizenzakalelayo. Uma iqembu lifundwa kuthebula elimisiwe, ithebula elimisiwe liyakhiwa futhi umyalezo wephutha awusavezwa. Umyalo we-CLI wokubonisa umzila we-ip fib awusekelwe kuswishi yesikhulumi se-Cisco Nexus 34180YC.
- Ku-Cisco NX-OS ikhipha okudala kunokukhishwa kwe-Cisco NX-OS engu-6.0(2)U1(1), ungasebenzisa umyalo we-ip igmp wokujoyina iqembu ukuze ubophe ukushintshwa kwe-Nexus 3000 Series eqenjini lokusakaza okuningi. Iswishi ikhiqiza i-Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) -joyini yeqembu elishiwo, futhi noma yimaphi amaphakethe okusakaza okuningi aqondiswe eqenjini athunyelwa ku-CPU. Uma kukhona abamukeli abaxhunywe kuswishi ye-Nexus 3000 Series, ecela iqembu, ikhophi yephakethe nayo ithunyelwa kumamukeli.
- Ku-Cisco NX-OS Ukukhishwa 6.0(2)U1(1) kanye nokukhishwa okuphezulu, awukwazi ukusebenzisa umyalo weqembu le-ipigmp ukuhlela noma yiziphi Uhlu Lwe-interface Ephumayo (AMAFUTHA). Ngisho noma kukhona abemukeli abacela ukusakaza, awekho amaphakethe athunyelwa kubo. Ukuze ubophe ukushintshela kwe-Nexus 3000 Series eqenjini lokusakaza okuningi, sebenzisa umyalo we-ip igmp staticoif esikhundleni somyalo we-ip igmp wokujoyina iqembu.
- I-Ingress RACL yethrafikhi yedatha ye-L3 yokusakaza okuningi, ayisekelwe kuswishi yesikhulumi se-Cisco Nexus 34180YC.
Izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo ze-IGMP
Leli thebula libala izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zamapharamitha we-IGMP.
Ilungiselela amapharamitha e-IGMP
Ungakwazi ukumisa imingcele ye-IGMP yomhlaba wonke neyesixhumi esibonakalayo ukuze uthinte ukusebenza kwenqubo ye-IGMP.
Qaphela Uma ujwayelene ne-Cisco IOS CLI, qaphela ukuthi imiyalo ye-Cisco NX-OS yalesi sici ingase ihluke kumiyalo ye-Cisco IOS ongayisebenzisa.
Ilungiselela I-IGMP Interface Parameters
Ungakwazi ukumisa imingcele yesixhumi esibonakalayo ye-IGMP echazwe kuthebula elingezansi.
Inqubo
Ilungiselela Ukuhumusha kwe-IGMP SSM
Ungalungiselela ukuhumusha kwe-SSM ukuze unikeze ukwesekwa kwe-SSM lapho umzila uthola imibiko yobulungu ye-IGMPv1 noma ye-IGMPv2. I-IGMPv3 kuphela enikeza amandla okucacisa amakheli eqembu nawomthombo emibikweni yobulungu. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ububanzi besiqalo seqembu ngu-232.0.0.0/8. Ukuze ulungise ububanzi be-PIM ye-SSM, bheka isigaba esithi Configuring SSM (PIM).
Leli thebula libala i-exampizinguqulo ze-SSM.
Qaphela Lesi sici sifana nemephu ye-SSM etholakala kwenye isofthiwe ye-Cisco IOS.
Ilungiselela Ukuhlola Inketho Yokuphoqelela Isexwayiso Somzila
Ungakwazi ukumisa isheke lesexwayiso somzila wokuphoqelela amaphakethe e-IGMPv2 nawe-IGMPv3.
Ukuqinisekisa Ukucushwa kwe-IGMP
Ukuze ubonise imininingwane yokucushwa kwe-IGMP, yenza omunye wale misebenzi elandelayo:
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nezinkambu kokukhishwayo kule miyalo, bheka i I-Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Command Reference.
Ukucushwa Exampi-IGMP
I-ex elandelayoampI-le ikhombisa ukuthi ungamisa kanjani imingcele ye-IGMP:
shintsha# lungisa itheminali
switch(config)# ip igmp ssm-translate 232.0.0.0/8 10.1.1.1
switch(config)# isixhumi esibonakalayo se-ethernet 2/1
switch(config-if)# akukho switchport
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp inguqulo 3
switch(config-if)# ip igmp join-group 230.0.0.0
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp sokuqalisa-umbuzo-isikhawu 25
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp ukuqalisa-umbuzo-count 3
switch(config-if)# ip igmp robustness-variable 3
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp querier-timeout 300
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp query-timeout 300
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp umbuzo-ubukhulu-isikhathi sokuphendula 15
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp query-interval 100
switch(config-if)# ip igmp last-member-query-time-time 3
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp isibalo sombuzo-ilungu lokugcina 3
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp group-timeout 300
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp report-link-local-groups
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp report-policy my_report_policy
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp finyelela-iqembu my_access_policy
shintsha(config-uma)# ip igmp hamba ngokushesha
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp global-leve-ignore-gss-mrt
Lesi exampi-le ibonisa indlela yokumisa imephu yomzila eyamukela yonke imibiko yokusakaza okuningi (ijoyina):
switch(config)# imephu yomzila foo
switch(config-Route-map)# ukuphuma
switch(config)# interface vlan 10
switch(config-if)# akukho switchport
switch(config-uma)# ip pim sparse-mode
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp report-policy foo
Lesi exampi-le ikhombisa indlela yokumisa imephu yomzila ephika yonke imibiko ye-multicast (ijoyina):
switch(config)# imephu yomzila foo deny 10
switch(config-Route-map)# ukuphuma
switch(config)# interface vlan 5
switch(config-uma)# ip pim sparse-mode
switch(config-uma)# ip igmp report-policy foo
Lapho Ozoya Khona Ngokulandelayo
Unganika amandla izici ezilandelayo ezisebenza nge-PIM ne-IGMP:
- Ilungiselela i-IGMP Snooping
- Ilungiselela i-MSDP
Umlando Wesici we-IGMP
Leli thebula libala umlando wokukhishwa kwalesi sici.
Ithebula 5: Umlando Wesici we-IGMP
Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza
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Cisco Nexus 3000 Series NX-OS Multicast Umhlahlandlela Wokucushwa Komzila [pdf] Umhlahlandlela Womsebenzisi I-Nexus 3000 Series, i-NX-OS Multicast Configuration Guide, Umhlahlandlela Wokumisa Umzila, Ukucushwa Komzila We-Multicast, Ukulungiselelwa Komzila we-NX-OS, Ukulungiselelwa Komzila |
