I-Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Breadboard User Manual

Kuphelileview

I-Arduino Uno iyibhodi ye-microcontroller esekelwe ku-ATmega328 (idathashi). Inezikhonkwane eziyi-14 zokufaka/okukhiphayo zedijithali (eziyisi-6 zazo zingasetshenziswa njengemiphumela ye-PWM), okokufaka kwe-analog okungu-6, i-crystal oscillator engu-16 MHz, uxhumano lwe-USB, ujeke wamandla, unhlokweni we-ICSP, nenkinobho yokusetha kabusha. Iqukethe konke okudingekayo ukusekela i-microcontroller; vele uyixhume kukhompuyutha ngentambo ye-USB noma uyinike amandla nge-adaptha ye-AC-to-DC noma ibhethri ukuze uqalise. I-Uno ihlukile kuwo wonke amabhodi angaphambili ngoba ayisebenzisi i-FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Esikhundleni salokho, ifaka i-Atmega8U2 ehlelwe njengesiguquli se-USB-to-serial. U-“Uno” usho eyodwa ngesi-Italian futhi uqanjwe ukumaka ukukhishwa okuzayo kwe-Arduino 1.0. I-Uno kanye nenguqulo 1.0 kuzoba yizinguqulo ze-Arduino, eziqhubekela phambili. I-Uno ingeyakamuva ochungechungeni lwamabhodi e-USB Arduino, kanye nemodeli yereferensi yesikhulumi se-Arduino; ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa nezinguqulo zangaphambilini, bheka inkomba yamabhodi e-Arduino.

Isifinyezo

• I-Microcontroller ATmega328
• I-Operating Voltageya 5v
• Okokufaka Voltage (kunconyiwe) 7-12V
• Okokufaka Voltage (imikhawulo) 6-20V
• Izikhonkwane zeDigital I/O 14 (eziyisi-6 zazo zihlinzeka ngokuphuma kwe-PWM)
• Amaphinikhodi Wokufaka we-Analogi 6
• I-DC Yamanje nge-I/O Pin 40 mA
• I-DC Yamanje ye-3.3V Pin 50 mA
• I-Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) lapho i-0.5 KB isetshenziswa i-bootloader
• I-SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
• I-EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
• Isivinini Sewashi 16 MHz

I-Schematic & Reference Design
UKHOZI files: I-Arduino-uno-reference-design.zip
Isikimu: arduino-uno-schematic.pdf

Amandla

I-Arduino Uno inganikwa amandla ngoxhumano lwe-USB noma ngogesi wangaphandle. Amandla omthombo akhethwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Amandla angaphandle (okungewona awe-USB) angavela ku-adaptha ye-AC-to-DC (wart-wart) noma ibhethri. I-adaptha ingaxhunywa ngokuxhuma ipulaki ephakathi nendawo engu-2.1mm kujekhi wamandla webhodi. Ukuhola okuvela ebhethrini kungafakwa kumaheda ephinikhodi ye-Gnd ne-Vin yesixhumi se-POWER. Ibhodi lingasebenza ekunikezeni kwangaphandle kwe-6 kuya ku-20 volts. Uma ihlinzekwa ngaphansi kuka-7V, nokho, iphinikhodi engu-5V ingase inikeze amavolthi angaphansi kwamahlanu futhi ibhodi lingase lingazinzi. Uma usebenzisa ngaphezu kwe-12V, i-voltagIsilawuli se-e singashisa futhi kulimaze ibhodi. Ibanga elinconyiwe lingama-volts angu-7 kuya kwangu-12.
Izikhonkwane zamandla zimi kanje:

• I-VIN. I-voltage kubhodi ye-Arduino uma isebenzisa umthombo wamandla wangaphandle (ngokungafani namavolthi angu-5 asuka ekuxhumekeni kwe-USB noma omunye umthombo wamandla olawulwayo). Ungakwazi ukunikeza voltage ngale phini, noma, uma uhlinzeka ngevolumutage ngejekhi yamandla, yifinyelele ngale phini.
• 5V. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okulawulwayo kusetshenziselwa ukunika amandla isilawuli esincane nezinye izingxenye ebhodini. Lokhu kungavela ku-VIN ngesilawuli esisebhodini, noma kuhlinzekwe nge-USB noma okunye ukunikezwa kwe-5V okulawulwayo.
• 3v3. Ukunikezwa okungu-3.3-volt kukhiqizwa isilawuli se-onboard. Isilinganiso esiphezulu samanje singu-50 mA.
• GND. Izikhonkwane zaphansi.

Inkumbulo
I-ATmega328 ine-32 KB (no-0.5 KB esetshenziselwa i-bootloader). Iphinde ibe no-2 KB we-SRAM kanye no-1 KB we-EEPROM (engafundwa futhi ibhalwe ngelabhulali ye-EEPROM).

Okokufaka nokuphumayo

Iphinikhodi ngalinye kwayi-14 edijithali ku-Uno lingasetshenziswa njengokufakwayo noma okokukhiphayo, kusetshenziswa i-pinMode(), digitalWrite(), kanye nemisebenzi ye-digitalRead(). Basebenza ku-5 volts. Iphinikhodi ngayinye inganikeza noma yamukele ubuningi obungu-40 mA futhi ine-resistor yokudonsa yangaphakathi (enqanyulwe ngokuzenzakalelayo) engu-20-50 kOhms. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izikhonkwane zine
imisebenzi ekhethekile:

• I-Serial: 0 (RX) kanye no-1 (TX). Isetshenziselwa ukwamukela (RX) kanye nokudlulisa (TX) idatha yomkhiqizo we-TTL. Lawa maphini axhunywe kumaphinikhodi ahambisanayo we-ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
• Iziphazamiso zangaphandle: 2 kanye no-3. Lawa maphinikhodi angalungiswa ukuze aqalise ukuphazamiseka ngenani eliphansi, umphetho okhuphukayo noma owehlayo, noma ukuguqulwa kwevelu. Bona umsebenzi we-attachInterrupt() ukuze uthole imininingwane.
• I-PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, kanye no-11. Nikeza okukhiphayo kwe-8-bit PWM ngomsebenzi we-analogWrite().
• SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). Lezi zikhonkwane zisekela ukuxhumana kwe-SPI kusetshenziswa umtapo wezincwadi we-SPI.
• I-LED: 13. Kukhona i-LED eyakhelwe ngaphakathi exhunywe kuphinikhodi yedijithali 13. Uma iphinikhodi inenani ELIPHEZULU, i-LED iyakhanya, lapho iphinikhodi INGAPHANSI, ivaliwe.

I-Uno inokufakwa kwe-analog okungu-6, okubhalwe ukuthi A0 kuya ku-A5, ngayinye ehlinzeka ngamabhithi wokuxazulula ayi-10 (okungukuthi amanani ahlukene angu-1024). Ngokuzenzakalelayo bakala ukusuka emhlabathini ukuya kuma-volts angu-5, nakuba kungenzeka yini ukuguqula isiphetho esiphezulu sobubanzi bawo usebenzisa iphinikhodi ye-AREF kanye nomsebenzi we-analogReference()? Ukwengeza, ezinye izikhonkwane zinokusebenza okukhethekile:

• I-I2C: 4 (SDA) kanye ne-5 (SCL). Sekela ukuxhumana kwe-I2C (TWI) usebenzisa umtapo wolwazi we-Wire. Kukhona ezinye izikhonkwane ezimbalwa ebhodini:
• I-AREF. Inkomba voltage okokufaka kwe-analog. Isetshenziswa ne-analogReference().
• Setha kabusha. Letha lo mugqa LOW ukuze usethe kabusha isilawuli esincane. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwengeza inkinobho yokusetha kabusha kuzihlangu ezivimba leyo esebhodini.
• Bona futhi imephu phakathi kwezikhonkwane ze-Arduino namachweba we-ATmega328?.

Ukuxhumana

I-Arduino UNO inenani lezinsiza zokuxhumana nekhompyutha, enye i-Arduino, noma ezinye izilawuli ezincane. I-ATmega328 ihlinzeka nge-UART TTL (5V) ukuxhumana kwe-serial, okutholakala kuma-digital pins 0 (RX) kanye no-1 (TX). I-ATmega8U2 ebhodini ishaneli lokhu kuxhumana kwe-serial nge-USB futhi ibonakala njengechweba elibonakalayo lesofthiwe kukhompyutha. I-firmware ye-'8U2 isebenzisa abashayeli be-USB COM abajwayelekile futhi akukho mshayeli wangaphandle odingekayo. Nokho, ku-Windows, i-.inf file iyadingeka. Isofthiwe ye-Arduino ihlanganisa i-serial monitor evumela ukuthi idatha yombhalo elula ithunyelwe futhi isuka ebhodini le-Arduino. Ama-LED e-RX kanye ne-TX ebhodini azokhanya lapho idatha idluliswa nge-chip ye-USB-to-serial kanye noxhumo lwe-USB kukhompuyutha (kodwa hhayi ngokuxhumana kwe-serial kumaphini 0 kanye no-1). Umtapo wezincwadi we-SoftwareSerial uvumela ukuxhumana kwe-serial kunoma yiziphi izikhonkwane zedijithali ze-Uno. I-ATmega328 iphinde isekele ukuxhumana kwe-I2C (TWI) kanye ne-SPI. Isofthiwe ye-Arduino ihlanganisa umtapo wolwazi Wocingo ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwebhasi le-I2C; bheka imibhalo ukuze uthole imininingwane. Ngokuxhumana kwe-SPI, sebenzisa umtapo wezincwadi we-SPI.

Ukuhlela

I-Arduino Uno ingahlelwa nge-software ye-Arduino (ukulanda). Khetha "I-Arduino Uno kusukela kumenyu Amathuluzi > Ibhodi (ngokuvumelana nesilawuli esincane ebhodini lakho). Ukuze uthole imininingwane, bheka ireferensi nezifundiso. I-ATmega328 ku-Arduino Uno iza ishiswe ngaphambili ne-bootloader ekuvumela ukuthi ulayishe ikhodi entsha kuyo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umhleli wehadiwe wangaphandle. Ixhumana kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi yokuqala ye-STK500 (inkomba, unhlokweni C files). Ungakwazi futhi ukudlula i-bootloader futhi uhlele isilawuli-micro ngokusebenzisa unhlokweni we-ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming); bheka le miyalo ukuze uthole imininingwane. Ikhodi yomthombo we-firmware ye-ATmega8U2 iyatholakala. I-ATmega8U2 ilayishwe nge-DFU bootloader, engenziwa isebenze ngokuxhuma i-solder jumper ngemuva kwebhodi (eduze kwemephu yase-Italy) bese usetha kabusha i-8U2. Ungasebenzisa isofthiwe ye-Atmel's FLIP (Windows) noma i-DFU programmer (Mac OS X ne-Linux) ukuze ulayishe i-firmware entsha. Noma ungasebenzisa unhlokweni we-ISP ngomhleli wangaphandle (ubhala ngaphezulu i-bootloader ye-DFU). Bona lesi sifundo esinikelwe ngabasebenzisi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ukusetha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo (Isofthiwe).

Kunokuba idinge ukucindezelwa ngokomzimba kwenkinobho yokusetha kabusha ngaphambi kokuyilayisha, i-Arduino Uno iklanywe ngendlela evumela ukuthi isethwe kabusha isofthiwe esebenza kukhompuyutha exhunyiwe. Omunye wemigqa yokulawula ukugeleza kwehadiwe (i-DTR) ye-ATmega8U2 ixhunywe kulayini wokusetha kabusha we-ATmega328 nge-100 nano farad capacitor. Uma lo mugqa ugonyelwa (wehliselwe phansi), umugqa wokusetha kabusha uyehla isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze usethe kabusha i-chip. Isofthiwe ye-Arduino isebenzisa leli khono ukukuvumela ukuthi ulayishe ikhodi ngokucindezela inkinobho yokulayisha endaweni ye-Arduino. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-bootloader ingaba nesikhathi esifushane sokuvala, njengoba ukwehlisa i-DTR kungase kuhlanganiswe kahle nokuqala kokulayisha.

Lokhu kusetha kuneminye imithelela. Uma i-Uno ixhunywe kukhompuyutha esebenzisa i-Mac OS X noma i-Linux, isetha kabusha isikhathi ngasinye lapho uxhumano lwenziwa kuyo ngesofthiwe (nge-USB). Ingxenye yesekhondi elandelayo noma ngaphezulu, i-bootloader isebenza ku-Uno. Nakuba ihlelelwe ukungaziba idatha engalungile (okungukuthi noma yini ngaphandle kokulayishwa kwekhodi entsha), izobamba amabhayithi ambalwa okuqala edatha ethunyelwe ebhodini ngemva kokuvulwa kokuxhumana. Uma umdwebo osebenza ebhodini uthola ukucushwa kwesikhathi esisodwa noma enye idatha lapho uqala kuqala, qiniseka ukuthi isofthiwe oxhumana nayo ilinda isekhondi ngemva kokuvula uxhumano nangaphambi kokuthumela le datha. I-Uno iqukethe umkhondo ongasikwa ukuze ukhubaze ukusetha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo. Amaphedi nhlangothi zombili zokulandelela angadayiswa ndawonye ukuze aphinde anikwe amandla. Ibhalwe ukuthi “RESET-EN”. Ungakwazi futhi ukukhubaza ukusetha kabusha okuzenzakalelayo ngokuxhuma i-resistor engu-110-ohm ukusuka ku-5V ukuya emugqeni wokusetha kabusha; bheka lolu chungechunge lwenkundla ukuze uthole imininingwane.

I-USB Overcurrent Protection
I-Arduino Uno ine-poly fuse esethwa kabusha evikela izimbobo ze-USB zekhompyutha yakho kuzikhindi nama-overcurrent. Nakuba amakhompyutha amaningi ehlinzeka ngokuvikela kwawo kwangaphakathi, i-fuse inikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela. Uma kusetshenziswe ngaphezu kuka-500 mA embobeni ye-USB, i-fuse izokwephula ngokuzenzakalelayo uxhumano kuze kukhishwe okufushane noma okulayishiwe.

Izici Zomzimba

Ubude nobubanzi obukhulu be-Uno PCB bungu-2.7 kanye no-2.1 amayintshi ngokulandelanayo, nesixhumi se-USB nojeke wamandla adlulela ngale kobukhulu bangaphambili. Izimbobo ezine ngezikulufo zivumela ibhodi ukuthi lixhunywe endaweni noma ikesi. Qaphela ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwamaphini edijithali 7 kanye no-8 ngu-160 mil (0.16″), hhayi ngisho nokuphindaphinda kwesikhala esingu-100 mil kwamanye amaphini.

I-Arduino UNO Reference Design

Imiklamo Yezithenjwa ZINIKEZELWA “NJENGOBA ZINJALO” KANYE “NAWO WONKE AMAPHUTHA”. I-Arduino IKUNQAPHELA ZONKE EZINYE IZIQINISEKISO, EZIVAKALISAYO NOMA OKUSHIWO, i-Arduino ingase yenze izinguquko ekucacisweni nasekuchazeni umkhiqizo nganoma isiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kwesaziso. IKhasimende akumele licabangele IMIKHIQIZO, KUHLANGANISA KODWA AKUkhawulelwe, IZIQINISEKISO EZISHIYELWE ZOKUTHENGISA NOMA UKULUNGA KWENHLOSO ETHILE incike ekungabibikho noma izici zanoma yiziphi izici noma imiyalelo ephawulwe ngokuthi “igodliwe” noma “engachazwanga.” I-Arduino igodle lokhu ukuze kube nencazelo yesikhathi esizayo futhi ngeke ibe nesibopho sanoma yikuphi ngezingxabano noma ukungahambisani okuvela ezinguqukweni ezizayo kuzo. Ulwazi lomkhiqizo on the Web Isayithi noma Izinto ezibonakalayo zingashintsha ngaphandle kwesaziso. Ungaqedi idizayini ngalolu lwazi.

Landa i-PDF: I-Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Breadboard User Manual

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